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MathProblem 19 Balls and an urn problem #1

作者:互联网

You have an urn with four balls of different colors. Randomly you draw two at a time, then painting the first ball to match the second. What is the expected number of drawings before all balls are the same color?

Solution

每次只能选两个球,然后将第一个球的颜色涂成第二个球的颜色。问期望多少步可以将四个颜色不同的球涂成一样的颜色。

不妨假设最开始为 \(1,2,3,4\). 经过一次操作后,得到 \(1,1,3,4\),不妨记为 \(1,1,2,3\),此时为 \(P 1\).

所以从 \(P1\) 可以转移到 \(P1,P2,P3\) 这三种状态。考虑 \(P2, P3\) 如何转移。

由此得到转移方程:

\[\begin{align} a&=(a+1)/2 + (b+1)/3 + (c+1)/6\\ b&=(b+1)/2 + 1/4 + (c+1)/4\\ c&=(c+1)/3 + (2/3)\cdot(b+1) \end{align} \]

得到 \(a=8\). 所以期望的步骤为 \(8+1=9\).

标签:P2,P3,Balls,P1,19,urn,cdot,抽取,得到
来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/xinyu04/p/16538836.html