6-4 使用多GPU训练模型——eat_tensorflow2_in_30_days
作者：互联网
6-4 使用多GPU训练模型
如果使用多GPU训练模型，推荐使用内置fit方法，较为方便，仅需添加2行代码。
MirroredStrategy过程简介：
- 训练开始前，该策略在所有 N 个计算设备上均各复制一份完整的模型；
- 每次训练传入一个批次的数据时，将数据分成 N 份，分别传入 N 个计算设备（即数据并行）；
- N 个计算设备使用本地变量（镜像变量）分别计算自己所获得的部分数据的梯度；
- 使用分布式计算的 All-reduce 操作，在计算设备间高效交换梯度数据并进行求和，使得最终每个设备都有了所有设备的梯度之和；
- 使用梯度求和的结果更新本地变量（镜像变量）；
- 当所有设备均更新本地变量后，进行下一轮训练（即该并行策略是同步的）。
import tensorflow as tf
print(tf.__version__)
from tensorflow.keras import *
#打印时间分割线
@tf.function
def printbar():
ts = tf.timestamp()
today_ts = ts%(24*60*60)
hour = tf.cast(today_ts//3600+8,tf.int32)%tf.constant(24)
minite = tf.cast((today_ts%3600)//60,tf.int32)
second = tf.cast(tf.floor(today_ts%60),tf.int32)
def timeformat(m):
if tf.strings.length(tf.strings.format("{}",m))==1:
return(tf.strings.format("0{}",m))
else:
return(tf.strings.format("{}",m))
timestring = tf.strings.join([timeformat(hour),timeformat(minite),
timeformat(second)],separator = ":")
tf.print("=========="*8,end = "")
tf.print(timestring)
"""
2.6.0
"""
# 使用1个GPU模拟出两个逻辑GPU进行多GPU训练
gpus = tf.config.experimental.list_physical_devices("GPU")
if gpus:
# 设置两个逻辑GPU模拟多GPU训练
try:
tf.config.experimental.set_virtual_device_configuration(gpus[0],
[tf.config.experimental.VirtualDeviceConfiguration(memory_limit=1024),
tf.config.experimental.VirtualDeviceConfiguration(memory_limit=1024)])
logical_gpus = tf.config.experimental.list_logical_devices("GPU")
print(len(gpus), "Physical GPU", len(logical_gpus), "Logical GPUs")
except RuntimeError as e:
print(e)
"""
1 Physical GPU 2 Logical GPUs
"""
准备数据
MAX_LEN = 200
BATCH_SIZE = 32
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = datasets.reuters.load_data()
x_train = preprocessing.sequence.pad_sequences(x_train, maxlen=MAX_LEN)
x_test = preprocessing.sequence.pad_sequences(x_test, maxlen=MAX_LEN)
MAX_WORDS = x_train.max() + 1
CAT_NUM = y_train.max() + 1
ds_train = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices((x_train, y_train)) \
.shuffle(buffer_size=1000).batch(BATCH_SIZE) \
.prefetch(tf.data.experimental.AUTOTUNE).cache()
ds_test = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices((x_test, y_test)) \
.shuffle(buffer_size=1000).batch(BATCH_SIZE) \
.prefetch(tf.data.experimental.AUTOTUNE).cache()
定义模型
tf.keras.backend.clear_session()
def create_model():
model = models.Sequential()
model.add(layers.Embedding(MAX_WORDS, 7, input_length=MAX_LEN))
model.add(layers.Conv1D(filters=64, kernel_size=5, activation="relu"))
model.add(layers.MaxPool1D(2))
model.add(layers.Conv1D(filters=32, kernel_size=3, activation="relu"))
model.add(layers.MaxPool1D(2))
model.add(layers.Flatten())
model.add(layers.Dense(CAT_NUM, activation="softmax"))
return model
def compile_model(model):
model.compile(optimizer=optimizers.Nadam(), loss=losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(),
metrics=[metrics.SparseCategoricalAccuracy(), metrics.SparseTopKCategoricalAccuracy(5)])
return model
训练模型
%%time
# 增加以下两行代码
strategy = tf.distribute.MirroredStrategy()
with strategy.scope():
model = create_model()
model.summary()
model = compile_model(model)
history = model.fit(ds_train, validation_data=ds_test, epochs=10)
"""
WARNING:tensorflow:NCCL is not supported when using virtual GPUs, fallingback to reduction to one device
INFO:tensorflow:Using MirroredStrategy with devices ('/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0', '/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:1')
Model: "sequential"
_________________________________________________________________
Layer (type) Output Shape Param #
=================================================================
embedding (Embedding) (None, 200, 7) 216860
_________________________________________________________________
conv1d (Conv1D) (None, 196, 64) 2304
_________________________________________________________________
max_pooling1d (MaxPooling1D) (None, 98, 64) 0
_________________________________________________________________
conv1d_1 (Conv1D) (None, 96, 32) 6176
_________________________________________________________________
max_pooling1d_1 (MaxPooling1 (None, 48, 32) 0
_________________________________________________________________
flatten (Flatten) (None, 1536) 0
_________________________________________________________________
dense (Dense) (None, 46) 70702
=================================================================
Total params: 296,042
Trainable params: 296,042
Non-trainable params: 0
_________________________________________________________________
INFO:tensorflow:Reduce to /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0 then broadcast to ('/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0',).
INFO:tensorflow:Reduce to /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0 then broadcast to ('/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0',).
INFO:tensorflow:Reduce to /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0 then broadcast to ('/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0',).
INFO:tensorflow:Reduce to /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0 then broadcast to ('/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0',).
INFO:tensorflow:Reduce to /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0 then broadcast to ('/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0',).
INFO:tensorflow:Reduce to /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0 then broadcast to ('/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0',).
INFO:tensorflow:Reduce to /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0 then broadcast to ('/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0',).
INFO:tensorflow:Reduce to /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0 then broadcast to ('/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0',).
INFO:tensorflow:Reduce to /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0 then broadcast to ('/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0',).
INFO:tensorflow:Reduce to /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0 then broadcast to ('/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0',).
Epoch 1/10
INFO:tensorflow:Reduce to /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0 then broadcast to ('/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0', '/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:1').
INFO:tensorflow:Reduce to /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0 then broadcast to ('/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0', '/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:1').
INFO:tensorflow:Reduce to /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0 then broadcast to ('/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0', '/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:1').
INFO:tensorflow:Reduce to /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0 then broadcast to ('/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0', '/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:1').
INFO:tensorflow:Reduce to /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0 then broadcast to ('/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0', '/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:1').
INFO:tensorflow:Reduce to /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0 then broadcast to ('/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0', '/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:1').
INFO:tensorflow:Reduce to /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0 then broadcast to ('/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0', '/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:1').
INFO:tensorflow:Reduce to /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0 then broadcast to ('/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0', '/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:1').
INFO:tensorflow:Reduce to /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0 then broadcast to ('/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0', '/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:1').
INFO:tensorflow:Reduce to /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0 then broadcast to ('/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0', '/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:1').
281/281 [==============================] - 6s 14ms/step - loss: 2.0152 - sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.4662 - sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7448 - val_loss: 1.6548 - val_sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.5712 - val_sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7600
Epoch 2/10
281/281 [==============================] - 4s 13ms/step - loss: 1.4559 - sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.6231 - sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.8034 - val_loss: 1.5219 - val_sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.6118 - val_sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7912
Epoch 3/10
281/281 [==============================] - 4s 14ms/step - loss: 1.1807 - sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.6924 - sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.8532 - val_loss: 1.5316 - val_sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.6309 - val_sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.8059
Epoch 4/10
281/281 [==============================] - 4s 14ms/step - loss: 0.9384 - sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.7521 - sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.9071 - val_loss: 1.6911 - val_sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.6362 - val_sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.8005
Epoch 5/10
281/281 [==============================] - 4s 15ms/step - loss: 0.7138 - sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.8157 - sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.9450 - val_loss: 1.9105 - val_sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.6229 - val_sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7952
Epoch 6/10
281/281 [==============================] - 4s 14ms/step - loss: 0.5354 - sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.8658 - sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.9680 - val_loss: 2.1388 - val_sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.6064 - val_sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7930
Epoch 7/10
281/281 [==============================] - 4s 14ms/step - loss: 0.4178 - sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.8975 - sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.9800 - val_loss: 2.3550 - val_sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.6086 - val_sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7921
Epoch 8/10
281/281 [==============================] - 4s 14ms/step - loss: 0.3433 - sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.9161 - sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.9874 - val_loss: 2.5456 - val_sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.6064 - val_sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7907
Epoch 9/10
281/281 [==============================] - 4s 14ms/step - loss: 0.2937 - sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.9287 - sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.9904 - val_loss: 2.7295 - val_sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.6020 - val_sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7956
Epoch 10/10
281/281 [==============================] - 4s 14ms/step - loss: 0.2608 - sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.9354 - sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.9932 - val_loss: 2.8850 - val_sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.6002 - val_sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7952
CPU times: user 1min 34s, sys: 20.5 s, total: 1min 55s
Wall time: 42.1 s
"""
标签：tensorflow2,task,30,days,job,replica,device,GPU,localhost 来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/lotuslaw/p/16438020.html