HttpServletResponse(响应)& HttpServletRequest(请求)
作者:互联网
HttpServletResponse(响应)
web服务器接收到客户端的http请求,针对这个请求,分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest对象和一个代表响应的HttpServletResponse对象:
- 如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数:需要HttpServletRequest(Requset中大多都是get类型的方法)
- 如果要给客户端响应一些信息:需要HttpServletResponse(Response中大多都是set类型的方法)
简单分类
HttpServletResponse 继承了 ServletResponse ,servletResponse中有以下种类的方法
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负责向浏览器发送数据的方法
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PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;
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ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;
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负责向浏览器发送一些响应头的方法
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//在servletResponse中的方法: void setCharacterEncoding(String var1); void setContentLength(int var1); void setContentLengthLong(long var1); void setContentType(String var1);
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//HttpServletResponse中的方法 void setDateHeader(String var1, long var2); void addDateHeader(String var1, long var2); void setHeader(String var1, String var2); void addHeader(String var1, String var2); void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2); void addIntHeader(String var1, int var2);
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HttpServletResponse中还定义了一些常量作为状态码:
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int SC_CONTINUE = 100; int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101; int SC_OK = 200; int SC_CREATED = 201; int SC_ACCEPTED = 202; int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203; int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204; int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205; int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206; int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300; int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301; int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302; int SC_FOUND = 302; int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303; int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304; int SC_USE_PROXY = 305; int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307; int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400; int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401; int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402; int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403; int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404; int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405; int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406; int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407; int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408; int SC_CONFLICT = 409; int SC_GONE = 410; int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411; int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412; int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413; int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414; int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415; int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416; int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417; int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500; int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501; int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502; int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503; int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504; int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;
常见应用
向浏览器输出消息
下载文件
- 要获取下载文件的路径
- 下载的文件名
- 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
- 获取下载文件的输入流
- 创建缓冲区
- 获取OutputStream对象
- 将FileOutputSteam流写入到buffer缓冲区
- 使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端
public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1. 要获取下载文件的路径
String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/666.png");
System.out.println("下载文件的路径:" + realPath);
//2. 下载的文件名
String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
//3. 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持(Content-Disposition)下载我们需要的东西
resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + fileName);
//4. 获取下载文件的输入流
FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(realPath);
//5. 创建缓冲区
int len = 0;
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
//6. 获取OutputStream对象
ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
//7. 将FileOutputSteam流写入到buffer缓冲区,使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端
while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
out.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
inputStream.close();
out.close();
}
验证码功能
验证码怎么来的
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前端实现
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后端实现:需要用到Java的图片类,生成一个图片
public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { //如何让浏览器五秒刷新一次 resp.setHeader("refresh","5"); //在内春中创建一个图片 BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80, 20, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); //得到图片 Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();//笔 //设置图片背景颜色 g.setColor(Color.WHITE); g.fillRect(0,0,80,20); //给图片写数据 g.setColor(Color.BLUE); g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20)); g.drawString(makeNum(),20,20); //告诉浏览器,这个请求用图片的方式打开 resp.setContentType("image/jpeg"); //网站存在缓存,不让浏览器缓存 resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1); resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache"); resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache"); //把图片写给浏览器 ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream()); } private String makeNum(){ Random random = new Random(); String num = random.nextInt(9999) + ""; StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); for (int i = 0; i < 4-num.length(); i++) { sb.append("0"); } num=sb.toString()+num; return num; } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(req, resp); } }
实现重定向
重定向是指:一个web(A)资源收到客户端(B)的请求后,通知该客户端(B)去访问另一个web资源(C),这个过程就叫做重定向。
使用的方法为:
void sendRedirect(String var1) throws IOException;
问题:重定向和请求转发的相同和不同:
-
相同:页面都会发生跳转
-
不同:
- 请求转发的时候,url不会发生变化
- 重定向的时候,url会发生变化
-
重定向:
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protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { /* * 重定向原理拆分 *resp.setHeader("Lcation","resp01/img"); resp.setStatus(302); * */ resp.sendRedirect("/resp01/img"); }
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转发:
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protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); resp.setContentType("text/html"); ServletContext context = this.getServletContext(); RequestDispatcher dispatcher = context.getRequestDispatcher("/yyds");//转发的请求路径 dispatcher.forward(req,resp);//调用forward实现请求转发 System.out.println("servlet启动完毕"); }
常见场景:
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用户登录
自定义一个用户登录的测试:
先定义一个用于客户端提交账号密码后进行重定向的servlet,以及重定向的jsp页面:
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public class RequestTest extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { System.out.println("进入这个请求了"); String username = req.getParameter("username"); String password = req.getParameter("password"); System.out.println(username+"/"+password); resp.sendRedirect("/resp01/success.jsp"); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(req, resp); } }
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>Success</h1> </body> </html>
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在web.xml中注册这个servlet:
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<servlet> <servlet-name>request</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.yue.servlet.RequestTest</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>request</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
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修改index.jsp页面,设置一个form表单来存储用户名和密码,表单提交后跳转到/login:
<html> <body> <h2>Hello World!</h2> <%--这里提交的路径,需要寻找到项目的路径--%> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="get"> 用户名:<input type="text" name="username"> <br> 密码:<input type="password" name="password"> <br> <input type="submit"> </form> </body> </html>
- 再从/login重定向到定义好的success.jsp页面
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HttpServletRequest(请求)
HttpServletRequest代表客户端的请求,用户通过Http协议访问服务器,Http请求中的所有信息会被封装到HttpServletRequest中,通过这个HttpServletRequest中的方法,获得客户点的所有信息。(所以多为get方法)
1. 请求转发
2. 获取前端传递的参数
req.getParameter();//获取单个参数
req.getParameterValues()//获取多个参数
例子:
设计一个简易的模拟登陆页面:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>登陆</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登陆</h1>
<div style="text-align: center">
<%--以post方式提交表单,提交到login请求--%>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username" required><br>
密码 :<input type="password" name="password" required><br>
爱好:
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbies" value="女">女
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbies" value="游戏">游戏
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbies" value="手冲">手冲
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbies" value="代码">代码
<br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
自定义一个LoginServlet接收登录页面的前端传递过来的各种参数:
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobbies");
System.out.println("===========================");
System.out.println(username);
System.out.println(password);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobbies));
System.out.println("===========================");
//通过请求转发,转发到success.jsp页面,
// 这里的/代表当前项目
req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
在web.xml中注册LoginServlet:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>loginServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.yue.servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>loginServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
自定义一个success.jsp页面作为登陆成功页面:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>
登陆成功
</h1>
</body>
</html>
重定向和请求转发的区别和相同处
相同点:
- 页面都会实现跳转
不同点:
- 重定向时,url地址栏会发生变化,状态码是302
- 请求转发时,url地址栏不会发生变化,状态码是307
标签:HttpServletRequest,String,int,resp,req,HttpServletResponse,响应,SC,void 来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/afro/p/16277394.html