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SpringCloud Day12---SpringCloud Alibaba Sentinel 服务熔断与限流

作者:互联网

文章目录

15. SpringCloud Alibaba Sentinel实现熔断与限流

15.1 概述

15.1.1 官网

英文: https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel

中文: https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D

15.1.2 介绍

image-20220202125801485

image-20220202125807912

一句话解释,之前我们讲解过的Hystrix

15.1.3 去哪下

https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/releases

image-20220202125912475

15.1.4 能干嘛

image-20220202125945450

15.1.5 怎么玩

官网:https://spring-cloud-alibaba-group.github.io/github-pages/greenwich/spring-cloud-alibaba.html#_spring_cloud_alibaba_sentinel

服务使用中的各种问题:

15.2 安装Sentinel控制台

15.2.1 sentinel组件由2部分构成

image-20220202130145040

15.2.2 安装步骤

1.下载

https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/releases

image-20220202130330302

2.运行命令

前提:

启动:

java -jar sentinel-dashboard-1.7.0.jar

如果端口被占用可以: java -Dserver.port=8888 -jar sentinel-dashboard-1.7.0.jar

image-20220202130536581

3.访问sentinel管理界面

访问: http://localhost:端口号 ,登录账号密码均为sentinel

image-20220202130723287

15.3 初始化演示工程

15.3.1 前提条件

启动Nacos,访问http://192.168.174.128:8848/nacos/#/login 访问成功

15.3.2 建立sentinel8041

<dependencies>
    <!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel-datasource-nacos 后续做持久化用到-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
        <artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--openfeign-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件+actuator -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--日常通用jar包配置-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
        <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
        <version>4.6.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

</dependencies>
server:
  port: 8401

spring:
  application:
    name: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 192.168.174.128:8848 #Nacos服务注册中心地址
    sentinel:
      transport:
        dashboard: localhost:8080 #配置Sentinel dashboard地址
        port: 8719 #默认8719端口,假如被占用会自动从8719开始依次+1扫描,直至找到未被占用的端口
      

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class MainApp8401
{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MainApp8401.class, args);
    }
}
@RestController
public class FlowLimitController
{

    @GetMapping("/testA")
    public String testA()
    {
        return "------testA";
    }

    @GetMapping("/testB")
    public String testB()
    {
        return "------testB";
    }
}

15.3.3 测试结果

空空如也,啥都没有

image-20220202132216828

原因在于:Sentinel采用的懒加载

执行一次访问即可: 访问http://localhost:8401/testA 和http://localhost:8401/testB

image-20220202132337533

结论:sentinel8080正在监控微服务8401

15.4 流控规则

15.4.1 基本介绍

image-20220202133008174

进一步说明

image-20220202133052143

QPS和线程数的区别

image-20220129151304671

QPS:御敌于国门之外,即一次只能有QPS个请求数.
线程数:进来之后关门打狗,一次只能有线程数个任务被处理,多余的不进行处理…

15.4.2 流控模式

1.直接(默认)

直接->快速失败

表示1秒钟内查询1次就是OK,若超过次数1,就直接-快速失败,报默认错误

image-20220202133348091

快速点击访问http://localhost:8401/testA

结果:Blocked by Sentinel (flow limiting)

直接调用默认报错信息,技术方面OK。 but,是否应该有我们自己的后续处理?类似有个fallback的兜底方法?

2.关联

当关联的资源达到阈值时,就限流自己

当与A关联的资源B达到阀值后,就限流A自己

B惹事,A挂了,如:支付接口达到阈值限制下订单的接口

当关联资源/testB的qps阀值超过1时,就限流/testA的Rest访问地址,当关联资源到阈值后限制配置好的资源名

image-20220202135325935

正常访问testB成功

image-20220202135651730

postman里新建多线程集合组

image-20220202135821713

将访问地址添加进新新线程组

image-20220202135918336

RUN

image-20220202135947681

结果:由于大批量线程高并发访问B,发现testA挂了

image-20220202140009253

3.链路.

多个请求调用了同一个微服务…

15.4.3 流控效果

1.直接->快速失败(默认的流控处理)

直接失败,抛出异常: Blocked by Sentinel (flow limiting)

源码:com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.controller.DefaultController

2.预热

默认coldFactor为3,即请求 QPS 从 threshold / 3 开始,经预热时长逐渐升至设定的 QPS 阈值。

image-20220202142242329

限流 冷启动: https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/%E9%99%90%E6%B5%81—%E5%86%B7%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8

com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.controller.WarmUpController

image-20220202142555559

默认 coldFactor(系统初始化的阀值) 为 3,即请求QPS从(threshold / 3) 开始,经多少预热时长才逐渐升至设定的 QPS 阈值。

案例,阀值为10,预热时长设置5秒。
系统初始化的阀值为10 / 3 约等于3,即阀值刚开始为3;然后过了5秒后阀值才慢慢升高恢复到10

image-20220202142649558

访问:多次点击http://localhost:8401/testB, 刚开始不行,后续慢慢OK

如:秒杀系统在开启的瞬间,会有很多流量上来,很有可能把系统打死,预热方式就是把为了保护系统,可慢慢的把流量放进来,慢慢的把阀值增长到设置的阀值

3.排队等待

设置含义:/testA每秒1次请求,超过的话就排队等待,等待的超时时间为20000毫秒

image-20220202143619148

https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E9%87%8F%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6

image-20220202143755368

com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.controller.RateLimiterController

在后台打印日志,可以看到1s请求被执行一次.

image-20220202143925051

15.5 降级规则

15.5.1 官网

https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/%E7%86%94%E6%96%AD%E9%99%8D%E7%BA%A7

15.5.2 基本介绍

image-20220202144755882

RT(平均响应时间,秒级)
平均响应时间 超出阈值 且 在时间窗口内通过的请求>=5,两个条件同时满足后触发降级
窗口期过后关闭断路器
RT最大4900(更大的需要通过-Dcsp.sentinel.statistic.max.rt=XXXX才能生效)

异常比列(秒级)
QPS >= 5 且异常比例(秒级统计)超过阈值时,触发降级;时间窗口结束后,关闭降级

异常数(分钟级)
异常数(分钟统计)超过阈值时,触发降级;时间窗口结束后,关闭降级

Sentinel 熔断降级会在调用链路中某个资源出现不稳定状态时(例如调用超时或异常比例升高),对这个资源的调用进行限制,让请求快速失败,避免影响到其它的资源而导致级联错误。

当资源被降级后,在接下来的降级时间窗口之内,对该资源的调用都自动熔断(默认行为是抛出 DegradeException)。

半开的状态系统自动去检测是否请求有异常,没有异常就关闭断路器恢复使用,有异常则继续打开断路器不可用。具体可以参考Hystrix

15.5.3 降级策略实战

1.RT

image-20220202154200450

image-20220202154208309

Controller代码添加

@GetMapping("/testD")
public String testD()
{
    //暂停几秒钟线程
    try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
    log.info("testD 测试RT");
    return "------testD";
}

配置

image-20220202154354983

jmeter压测

image-20220202154410708

访问testD

image-20220202154422518

结论:

按照上述配置,永远一秒钟打进来10个线程(大于5个了)调用testD,我们希望200毫秒处理完本次任务,
如果超过200毫秒还没处理完,在未来1秒钟的时间窗口内,断路器打开(保险丝跳闸)微服务不可用,保险丝跳闸断电了. 后续我停止jmeter,没有这么大的访问量了,断路器关闭(保险丝恢复),微服务恢复OK

2.异常比例

image-20220202155202248

image-20220202155223534

代码修改:

@GetMapping("/testD")
public String testD()
{
    log.info("testD 测试RT");
    int age = 10/0;
    return "------testD";
}

配置

image-20220202155321619

jmeter

image-20220202155338868

结论:

按照上述配置,单独访问一次,必然来一次报错一次(int age = 10/0),调一次错一次;

开启jmeter后,直接高并发发送请求,多次调用达到我们的配置条件了。断路器开启(保险丝跳闸),微服务不可用了,不再报错error而是进行服务降级了。

3.异常数

image-20220202155633012

时间窗口一定要大于等于60秒。

image-20220202155646891

代码:

@GetMapping("/testE")
public String testE()
{
    log.info("testE 测试异常比例");
    int age = 10/0;
    return "------testE 测试异常比例";
}

配置:

image-20220202155751883

结论:

访问: http://localhost:8401/testE,第一次访问绝对报错,因为除数不能为零,
我们看到error窗口,但是达到5次报错后,进入熔断后降级。

15.6 热点key限流

15.6.1 基本介绍

何为热点
热点即经常访问的数据,很多时候我们希望统计或者限制某个热点数据中访问频次最高的TopN数据,并对其访问进行限流或者其它操作

lxy_75

15.6.2 官网

https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E7%82%B9%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E9%99%90%E6%B5%81

15.6.3 承上启下复习start

兜底方法分为系统默认和客户自定义两种

结论: 从HystrixCommand 到@SentinelResource

15.6.4 修改Controller

@GetMapping("/testHotKey")
@SentinelResource(value = "testHotKey",blockHandler = "dealHandler_testHotKey")
public String testHotKey(@RequestParam(value = "p1",required = false) String p1, 
                         @RequestParam(value = "p2",required = false) String p2){
    return "------testHotKey";
}
public String dealHandler_testHotKey(String p1,String p2,BlockException exception)
{
    return "-----dealHandler_testHotKey";
}

sentinel系统默认的提示:Blocked by Sentinel (flow limiting).

底层源码:com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException

15.6.5 配置

image-20220202162647523

限流模式只支持QPS模式,固定写死了。(这才叫热点)
@SentinelResource注解的方法参数索引,0代表第一个参数,1代表第二个参数,以此类推
单机阀值以及统计窗口时长表示在此窗口时间超过阀值就限流
上面的抓图就是第一个参数有值的话,1秒的QPS为1,超过就限流,限流后调用dealHandler_testHotKey支持方法。

使用blockHandler前后对比:

15.6.6 测试

以下访问都是不停的进行访问

结论:第一个参数p1,当QPS超过1秒1次点击后马上被限流.

15.6.7 参数例外项

1.上述案例演示了第一个参数p1,当QPS超过1秒1次点击后马上被限流

2.特例情况

普通 超过1秒钟一个后,达到阈值1后马上被限流

我们期望p1参数当它是某个特殊值时,它的限流值和平时不一样

假如当p1的值等于5时,它的阈值可以达到200

3.配置

image-20220202164415671

点击添加按钮

image-20220202164516117

4.测试

访问:http://localhost:8401/testHotKey?p1=5 ,无论方式是否超过1s一次,系统都未报错

访问:http://localhost:8401/testHotKey?p1=3 ,当方式超过1s一次,进行报错…

原因:当p1等于5的时候,阈值变为200.当p1不等于5的时候,阈值就是平常的1

5.前提条件

热点参数的注意点,参数必须是基本类型或者String

15.6.8 其他—添加异常看看(后面详细介绍)

@SentinelResource
处理的是Sentinel控制台配置的违规情况,有blockHandler方法配置的兜底处理;

RuntimeException
int age = 10/0,这个是java运行时报出的运行时异常RunTimeException,@SentinelResource不管

总结
@SentinelResource主管配置出错,运行出错该走异常走异常

15.7 系统规则

因为全局配置是对系统所有的请求生效的,所以本章使用的场景较少.

image-20220202172213307

15.7.1 是什么

https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E8%87%AA%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94%E9%99%90%E6%B5%81

Sentinel 系统自适应限流从整体维度对应用入口流量进行控制,结合应用的 Load、CPU 使用率、总体平均 RT、入口 QPS 和并发线程数等几个维度的监控指标,通过自适应的流控策略,让系统的入口流量和系统的负载达到一个平衡,让系统尽可能跑在最大吞吐量的同时保证系统整体的稳定性

image-20220202170313208

15.7.2 各项配置参数说明

image-20220202170029457

15.7.3 配置全局QPS

…略

15.8 @SentinelResource

15.8.1 按资源名称限流+后续处理

1.修改Module—cloudalibaba-sentinel-service8401

<dependency><!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
    <groupId>com.rg.springcloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
    <version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
@RestController
public class RateLimitController
{ 
	@GetMapping("/byResource")
    @SentinelResource(value = "byResource",blockHandler = "handleException")
    public CommonResult byResource(){
        return new CommonResult(200, "按资源名称限流测试OK", new Payment(2020L, "serial001"));
    }

    public CommonResult handleException(BlockException exception){
        return new CommonResult(444, exception.getClass().getCanonicalName() + "\t服务不可用");
    }

2.配置流控规则

image-20220202173847156

image-20220202173908778

3.测试

image-20220202174139685

4.额外问题

此时关闭问服务8401看看,Sentinel控制台,流控规则消失了===> 说明 在sentinel上的配置是临时的

15.8.2 按照Url地址限流+后续处理

通过访问的URL来限流,会返回Sentinel自带默认的限流处理信息

@GetMapping("/rateLimit/byUrl")
@SentinelResource(value = "byUrl")
public CommonResult byUrl()
{
    return new CommonResult(200,"按url限流测试OK",new Payment(2020L,"serial002"));
}

image-20220202174637887

疯狂点击http://localhost:8401/rateLimit/byUrl

会返回Sentinel自带的限流处理结果

image-20220202174726261

15.8.3 上面兜底方案面临的问题

1 系统默认的,没有体现我们自己的业务要求。

2 依照现有条件,我们自定义的处理方法又和业务代码耦合在一块,不直观。

3 每个业务方法都添加一个兜底的,那代码膨胀加剧。

4 全局统一的处理方法没有体现。

15.8.4 客户自定义限流处理逻辑

public class CustomerBlockHandler
{
    public static CommonResult handleException(BlockException exception){
        return new CommonResult(2020,"自定义的限流处理信息......CustomerBlockHandler");
    }
}

image-20220202180456103

	/**
     * 自定义通用的限流处理逻辑,
     blockHandlerClass = CustomerBlockHandler.class
     blockHandler = handleException2
     上述配置:找CustomerBlockHandler类里的handleException2方法进行兜底处理
     */
	/**
     * 自定义通用的限流处理逻辑
     */
@GetMapping("/rateLimit/customerBlockHandler")
@SentinelResource(value = "customerBlockHandler",
                  blockHandlerClass = CustomerBlockHandler.class, blockHandler = "handleException2")
public CommonResult customerBlockHandler()
{
    return new CommonResult(200,"按客户自定义限流处理逻辑");
}

image-20220202175515220

疯狂访问:http://localhost:8401/rateLimit/customerBlockHandler ,测试后我们自定义的出来了.

image-20220202175734752

15.8.5 更多注解属性说明

image-20220202180121663

1.Sentinel主要有三个核心Api

2.自定义Resource

image-20220202180251689

所有的代码都要用try-catch-finally方式进行处理,o(╥﹏╥)o

15.9 服务熔断功能

15.9.1 sentinel整合+Ribbon+fallback

1.启动nacos和sentinel

2.构建提供者9003/9004

<dependencies>
    <!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency><!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
        <groupId>com.rg.springcloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
        <version>${project.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--日常通用jar包配置-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
server:
  port: 9003

spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-payment-provider
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 192.168.174.128:8848 #配置Nacos地址

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class PaymentMain9003
{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain9003.class, args);
    }
}
@RestController
public class PaymentController
{
    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;

    public static HashMap<Long,Payment> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
    static
    {
        hashMap.put(1L,new Payment(1L,"28a8c1e3bc2742d8848569891fb42181"));
        hashMap.put(2L,new Payment(2L,"bba8c1e3bc2742d8848569891ac32182"));
        hashMap.put(3L,new Payment(3L,"6ua8c1e3bc2742d8848569891xt92183"));
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
    {
        Payment payment = hashMap.get(id);
        CommonResult<Payment> result = new CommonResult(200,"from mysql,serverPort:  "+serverPort,payment);
        return result;
    }
}

3.消费者84

<dependencies>
    <!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.rg.springcloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
        <version>${project.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--日常通用jar包配置-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
server:
  port: 84


spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-order-consumer
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 192.168.174.128:8848
    sentinel:
      transport:
        #配置Sentinel dashboard地址
        dashboard: localhost:8888
        #默认8719端口,假如被占用会自动从8719开始依次+1扫描,直至找到未被占用的端口
        port: 8719


##消费者将要去访问的微服务名称(注册成功进nacos的微服务提供者)
service-url:
  nacos-user-service: http://nacos-payment-provider
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderNacosMain84
{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(OrderNacosMain84.class, args);
    }
}

ApplicationContextConfig

@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig
{
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate()
    {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

4.CircleBreakerController +测试

目的:验证fallback管运行异常,blockHandler管配置违规

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController {

    public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
    @SentinelResource(value = "fallback") 
	public CommonResult <Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id){
        CommonResult result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/" + id, CommonResult.class, id);
        if(id==4){
            System.out.println("44444444444");
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常...");
        }else if(result.getData()==null){
            System.out.println("111111111111111");
            throw new NullPointerException("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常...");
        }
        return result;
    }
}

编码:

@RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback") //fallback负责业务异常
public CommonResult <Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id){
    CommonResult result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/" + id, CommonResult.class, id);
    if(id==4){
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常...");
    }else if(result.getData()==null){
        throw new NullPointerException("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常...");
    }
    return result;
}

public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable Long id,Throwable e){
    Payment payment = new Payment(id, "null");
    return new CommonResult(444, "兜底异常handlerFallback,exception内容:" + e.getMessage(), payment);
}

结果:

image-20220202232527379

image-20220202232532407

image-20220202232539686

图说:

image-20220202232628659

编码:

@RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
//@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback") //fallback负责业务异常
@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler") //blockHandler负责在sentinel里面配置的降级限流
public CommonResult <Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id){
    CommonResult result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/" + id, CommonResult.class, id);
    if(id==4){
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常...");
    }else if(result.getData()==null){
        throw new NullPointerException("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常...");
    }
    return result;
}

public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable Long id,Throwable e){
    Payment payment = new Payment(id, "null");
    return new CommonResult(444, "兜底异常handlerFallback,exception内容:" + e.getMessage(), payment);
}

public CommonResult blockHandler(@PathVariable  Long id, BlockException blockException) {
    Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
    return new CommonResult<>(445,"blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水: blockException  "+blockException.getMessage(),payment);
}

本例sentinel需配置:

image-20220202232940278

异常超过2次后,断路器打开,断电跳闸,系统被保护

结果:

image-20220202233017721

image-20220202233046693

图说:

image-20220202233124374

编码:

@RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
//@SentinelResource(value = "fallback")
//@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback") //fallback负责业务异常
//@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler") //blockHandler负责在sentinel里面配置的降级限流
@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler")
public CommonResult <Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id){
    CommonResult result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/" + id, CommonResult.class, id);
    if(id==4){
        System.out.println("44444444444");
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常...");
    }else if(result.getData()==null){
        System.out.println("111111111111111");
        throw new NullPointerException("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常...");
    }
    return result;
}

public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable Long id,Throwable e){
    Payment payment = new Payment(id, "null");
    return new CommonResult(444, "兜底异常handlerFallback,exception内容:" + e.getMessage(), payment);
}

public CommonResult blockHandler(@PathVariable  Long id, BlockException blockException) {
    Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
    return new CommonResult<>(445,"blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水: blockException  "+blockException.getMessage(),payment);
}

本例sentinel需配置:

image-20220202233350694

结果:

image-20220202233413933

若 blockHandler 和 fallback 都进行了配置,则被限流降级而抛出 BlockException 时只会进入 blockHandler 处理逻辑。如果没有超出限流规则,则走fallback 逻辑.

图说:

image-20220202233508557

编码:

@RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
    //@SentinelResource(value = "fallback")
    //@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback") //fallback负责业务异常
    //@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler") //blockHandler负责在sentinel里面配置的降级限流
    @SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler",exceptionsToIgnore = {IllegalArgumentException.class})
    public CommonResult <Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id){
        CommonResult result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/" + id, CommonResult.class, id);
        if(id==4){
            System.out.println("44444444444");
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常...");
        }else if(result.getData()==null){
            System.out.println("111111111111111");
            throw new NullPointerException("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常...");
        }
        return result;
    }

    public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable Long id,Throwable e){
        Payment payment = new Payment(id, "null");
        return new CommonResult(444, "兜底异常handlerFallback,exception内容:" + e.getMessage(), payment);
    }

    public CommonResult blockHandler(@PathVariable  Long id, BlockException blockException) {
        Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
        return new CommonResult<>(445,"blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水: blockException  "+blockException.getMessage(),payment);
    }

本例sentinel无配置

图说:

image-20220202233908230

结果: 程序异常打到前台了,对用户不友好

image-20220202233924023

15.9.2 sentinel整合+Feign+fallback

1.修改84模块:84消费者调用提供者9003,Feign组件一般是消费侧

2.修改代码

<!--SpringCloud openfeign -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
server:
  port: 84


spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-order-consumer
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 192.168.174.128:8848
    sentinel:
      transport:
        #配置Sentinel dashboard地址
        dashboard: localhost:8888
        #默认8719端口,假如被占用会自动从8719开始依次+1扫描,直至找到未被占用的端口
        port: 8719


##消费者将要去访问的微服务名称(注册成功进nacos的微服务提供者)
service-url:
  nacos-user-service: http://nacos-payment-provider

# 激活Sentinel对Feign的支持

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'
feign:
  sentinel:
    enabled: true

带@FeignClient注解的业务接口

@FeignClient(value = "nacos-payment-provider",fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class)//调用中关闭9003服务提供者
public interface PaymentService
{
    @GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
}

PaymentFallbackService类

@Component
public class PaymentFallbackService implements PaymentService
{
    @Override
    public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(Long id)
    {
        return new CommonResult<>(444,"服务降级返回,没有该流水信息",new Payment(id, "errorSerial......"));
    }
}

controller

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController
{
//========================Sentinel结合OpenFeign
@Resource
private PaymentService paymentService;

    @GetMapping(value = "/consumer/paymentSQL/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        // if(id==4){
        //     throw new RuntimeException("没有该id");
        // }
        return paymentService.paymentSQL(id);
    }
}
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class OrderNacosMain84
{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(OrderNacosMain84.class, args);
    }
}

3.测试

访问: http://localhost:84/consumer/paymentSQL/1

测试84调用9003,此时故意关闭9003微服务提供者,可以看到84消费侧自动降级,不会被耗死

15.9.3 熔断框架比较

image-20220203001547277

15.10 规则持久化

15.10.1 是什么

一旦我们重启应用,sentinel规则将消失,生产环境需要将配置规则进行持久化

15.10.2 怎么玩

将限流配置规则持久化进Nacos保存,只要刷新8401某个rest地址,sentinel控制台的流控规则就能看到,只要Nacos里面的配置不删除,针对8401上sentinel上的流控规则持续有效

15.10.3 实现步骤

<!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel-datasource-nacos -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
    <artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
</dependency>

image-20220203002314359

image-20220203002414883

内容解析:

[
    {
        "resource": "/rateLimit/byUrl",
        "limitApp": "default",
        "grade": 1,
        "count": 1,
        "strategy": 0,
        "controlBehavior": 0,
        "clusterMode": false
    }
]
resource:资源名称;
limitApp:来源应用;
grade:阈值类型,0表示线程数,1表示QPS;
count:单机阈值;
strategy:流控模式,0表示直接,1表示关联,2表示链路;
controlBehavior:流控效果,0表示快速失败,1表示Warm Up,2表示排队等待;
clusterMode:是否集群。

image-20220203002529736

15.10.4 测试

image-20220203003023523

标签:CommonResult,SpringCloud,id,限流,sentinel,fallback,Alibaba,public
来源: https://blog.csdn.net/LXYDSF/article/details/122776955