一文看懂Spring Boot整合Rabbit MQ实现多种模式的生产和消费
作者:互联网
1 RabbitMQ介绍
1.1 各个组件的层级关系
1.2 RabbitMQ的六种模式
2 Spring Boot整合RabbitMQ
2.1 RabbitMQ配置
2.1.1 添加用户
2.1.2 添加虚拟机
2.1.3 分配权限
2.1.4 添加队列
2.2 Spring Boot工程搭建
2.2.1 依赖
<!-- spring boot-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- rabbitmq amqp -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- test-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
2.2.2 配置文件
spring:
rabbitmq:
host: 127.0.0.1
port: 5672
username: test
password: 123
virtual-host: /test
2.3 各个模式测试
2.3.1 HelloWorld
生产者:
@Component
public class Test01 {
/**
* 注入rabbitTemplate
*/
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
/**
* Hello world
*/
public void testHello() {
/**
* 参数1: 消息队列的名字
* 参数2: 发送的消息
*/
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("sp_test", "hello world");
}
}
消费者:
@Component
public class Consumer {
/**
* 一个消费者
*
* @param message
*/
@RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue("sp_test"))
public void receive1(String message) {
System.out.println("message1 = " + message);
}
}
测试:
@SpringBootTest
class SpRabbitmqApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private Test01 test01;
@Test
void producerTest01() {
test01.testHello();
}
}
2.3.2 Work Queues
生产者:
@Component
public class Test01 {
/**
* 注入rabbitTemplate
*/
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
/**
* Work
*/
public void testWork() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("sp_test", "work模型" + i);
}
}
}
消费者:
@Component
public class Consumer {
/**
* 一个消费者
*
* @param message
*/
@RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue("sp_test"))
public void receive1(String message) {
System.out.println("message1 = " + message);
}
/**
* 一个消费者
*
* @param message
*/
@RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue("sp_test"))
public void receive2(String message) {
System.out.println("message2 = " + message);
}
}
测试:
@Component
public class Consumer {
/**
* 一个消费者
*
* @param message
*/
@RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue("sp_test"))
public void receive1(String message) {
System.out.println("message1 = " + message);
}
/**
* 一个消费者
*
* @param message
*/
@RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue("sp_test"))
public void receive2(String message) {
System.out.println("message2 = " + message);
}
}
2.3.3 Public
新建路由:
生产者:
@Component
public class Test01 {
/**
* 注入rabbitTemplate
*/
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
/**
* Fanout 广播
*/
public void testFanout() {
/**
* 参数1: 交换机名称
* 参数2: routingKey
* 参数3: message
* */
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("test_fanout", "", "Fanout的模型发送的消息");
}
}
消费者:
@Component
public class Consumer2 {
@RabbitListener(bindings = {
@QueueBinding(
value = @Queue,//创建临时队列
exchange = @Exchange(value = "test_fanout", type = "fanout") //绑定的交换机
)
})
public void receive1(String message) {
System.out.println("message1 = " + message);
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = {
@QueueBinding(
value = @Queue,//创建临时队列
exchange = @Exchange(value = "test_fanout", type = "fanout") //绑定的交换机
)
})
public void receive2(String message) {
System.out.println("message2 = " + message);
}
}
测试:
@SpringBootTest
class SpRabbitmqApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private Test01 test01;
@Test
void producerTest01() {
test01.testFanout();
}
}
2.3.4 Routing
创建交换机:
生产者:
@Component
public class Test01 {
/**
* 注入rabbitTemplate
*/
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
/**
* Route 路由模式
*/
public void testRoute() {
/**
* 参数1: 交换机名称
* 参数2: 路由key
* 参数3: 发送的信息
* */
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("test_routing", "info", "发送info的key的路由信息");
}
}
消费者:
@Component
public class Consumer3 {
@RabbitListener(bindings = {
@QueueBinding(
value = @Queue,//创建临时队列
exchange = @Exchange(value = "test_routing", type = "direct"),//自定交换机名称和类型
key = {"info", "error", "warn"}
)
})
public void receive1(String message) {
System.out.println("message1 = " + message);
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = {
@QueueBinding(
value = @Queue,
exchange = @Exchange(value = "test_routing", type = "direct"),
key = {"error"}
)
})
public void receive2(String message) {
System.out.println("message2 = " + message);
}
}
测试:
@SpringBootTest
class SpRabbitmqApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private Test01 test01;
@Test
void producerTest01() {
test01.testRoute();
}
}
2.3.5 Topics
添加交换机:
生产者:
@Component
public class Test01 {
/**
* 注入rabbitTemplate
*/
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
/**
* Topic 动态路由 订阅模式
*/
public void testTopic() {
/**
* 参数1: 交换机名称
* 参数2: 路由key
* 参数3: 发送的消息
* */
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("test_topic", "ymx.name.Mr_YanMingXin", "ymx路由消息");
}
}
消费者:
@Component
public class Consumer4 {
/**
* "*"代表一个单词,"#"代表0到多个单词
*
* @param message
*/
@RabbitListener(bindings = {
@QueueBinding(
value = @Queue,
exchange = @Exchange(type = "topic", name = "test_topic"),
key = {"ymx.name", "ymx.name.*"}
)
})
public void receive1(String message) {
System.out.println("message1 = " + message);
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = {
@QueueBinding(
value = @Queue,
exchange = @Exchange(type = "topic", name = "test_topic"),
key = {"ymx.#", "ymx.name.#"}
)
})
public void receive2(String message) {
System.out.println("message2 = " + message);
}
}
测试:
@SpringBootTest
class SpRabbitmqApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private Test01 test01;
@Test
void producerTest01() {
test01.testTopic();
}
}
3 小总结下
- 消费者是不需要手动去调用的,只需要写上一个带参数的方法和打上@RabbitListener注解,在项目运行时就可以自己进行消费了
- public中之所以没有指定routingKey是因为这种模式下会向全部的消费者发送消息,写上也没什么意义
- @RabbitListener可以写在方法上也可以写在类上,写在类上时,方法上就要打上@RabbitHandler注解
- 还有其他需要注意的欢迎交流~
标签:rabbitTemplate,Spring,void,Boot,class,Rabbit,test,message,public 来源: https://blog.csdn.net/Mr_YanMingXin/article/details/119212254