多线程之死锁、生产者与消费者模型以及线程池
作者:互联网
死锁产生的四个必要条件
-
互斥条件:一个资源每次只能被一个进程使用
-
请求与保持条件:一个进程因请求资源而阻塞时,对已获得的资源保持不放
-
不剥夺条件:进程已获得的资源,在未使用完之前,不能强制剥夺
-
循环等待条件:若干进程之间形成一种头尾相接的循环等待资源关系
实例
package com.yeyue.thread;
public class DeadLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Makeup(0,"灰姑凉").start();
new Makeup(1,"白雪公主").start();
}
}
//口红
class Lipstick{
}
//镜子
class Mirror {
}
class Makeup extends Thread {
//需要的资源只有一份,用static来保证只有一份
static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();
int choice;
String girlName;
Makeup(int choice, String girlName) {
this.choice = choice;
this.girlName = girlName;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
makeup();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
if (choice == 0) {
synchronized (lipstick) {
System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得了口红的锁");
Thread.sleep(1000);
synchronized (mirror) {
System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得了镜子的锁");
}
}
} else {
synchronized (mirror) {
System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得了镜子的锁");
Thread.sleep(1000);
synchronized (lipstick) {
System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得了口红的锁");
}
}
}
}
}
避免死锁
package com.yeyue.thread;
public class DeadLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Makeup(0,"灰姑凉").start();
new Makeup(1,"白雪公主").start();
}
}
//口红
class Lipstick{
}
//镜子
class Mirror {
}
class Makeup extends Thread {
//需要的资源只有一份,用static来保证只有一份
static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();
int choice;
String girlName;
Makeup(int choice, String girlName) {
this.choice = choice;
this.girlName = girlName;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
makeup();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
if (choice == 0) {
synchronized (lipstick) {
System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得了口红的锁");
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
synchronized (mirror) {
System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得了镜子的锁");
}
} else {
synchronized (mirror) {
System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得了镜子的锁");
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
synchronized (lipstick) {
System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得了口红的锁");
}
}
}
}
synchronized与lock的对比
-
lock是显示锁(手动开启和关闭锁,别忘记关锁)synchronized是隐式锁,除了作用域自动释放
-
lock只有代码块锁,synchronized有代码块锁和方法锁
-
使用lock锁,jvm将花费较少的时间来调度线程,性能更好。而且具有更好的扩展性(提供更多的子类)
-
优先使用顺序:
lock>同步代码块(已经进入方法体,分配了相应资源)>同步方法(在方法体之外)
实例
package com.yeyue.thread;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class TestLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestLock2 testLock2 = new TestLock2();
new Thread(testLock2).start();
new Thread(testLock2).start();
new Thread(testLock2).start();
}
}
class TestLock2 implements Runnable{
int ticketNums = 10;
//定义lock锁
private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try{
lock.lock();
if(ticketNums>0){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(ticketNums--);
}else {
break;
}
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
}
生产者消费者模型-->利用缓冲区解决:管程法
package com.yeyue.thread;
//测试:生产者消费者模型-->利用缓冲区解决:管程法
//生产者,消费者,产品,缓冲区
public class TestPC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SynContainer container = new SynContainer();
new Productor(container).start();
new Consumer(container).start();
}
}
//生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
SynContainer container;
public Productor(SynContainer container){
this.container = container;
}
//生产
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
container.push(new Chicken(i));
System.out.println("生产了"+i+"只鸡");
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
SynContainer container;
public Consumer(SynContainer container){
this.container = container;
}
//消费
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println("消费了-->"+container.pop().id+"只鸡");
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
//产品
class Chicken{
int id ; //产品ID
public Chicken(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
}
//缓冲区
class SynContainer {
//容器大小
Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
//容器计数器
int count = 0;
//生产者放入产品
public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
//如果产品满了,就需要生产者等待消费者消费
if(count==chickens.length) {
//通知消费者消费,生产等待
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果没有满,我们就需要丢入产品
chickens[count]=chicken;
count++;
//可以通知消费者消费了
this.notifyAll();
}
//消费者消费产品
public synchronized Chicken pop(){
//判断能否消费
if(count==0){
//等待生产者生产,消费者等待
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果可以消费
count--;
Chicken chicken = chickens[count];
//吃完了
this.notifyAll();
return chicken;
}
}
测试:生产者消费者模型2-->信号灯法
package com.yeyue.thread;
//测试:生产者消费者模型2-->信号灯法
public class TestPC2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TV tv = new TV();
new Player(tv).start();
new Watcher(tv).start();
}
}
//生产者:演员
class Player extends Thread{
TV tv;
public Player(TV tv){
this.tv = tv;
}
//表演节目
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
if(i%2==0){
this.tv.play("快乐大本营");
}else{
this.tv.play("抖音:记录美好生活");
}
}
}
}
//消费者:观众
class Watcher extends Thread{
TV tv;
public Watcher(TV tv){
this.tv = tv;
}
//观看
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
tv.watch();
}
}
}
//产品:节目
class TV {
//演员表演,观众等待 T
//观众观看,演员等待 F
String voice; //表演的节目
boolean flag = true;
//表演
public synchronized void play(String voice){
//等待观众观看
if (!flag){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("演员表演了:" + voice);
this.notifyAll(); //通知观众观看
this.voice = voice;
this.flag = !this.flag;
}
//观看
public synchronized void watch(){
if(flag){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("观看了"+voice);
this.notifyAll(); //通知演员表演
this.flag = !this.flag;
}
}
线程池
package com.yeyue.thread;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class TestPool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1、创建服务,创建线程池
//newFixedThreadPool 参数:线程池大小
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
//执行
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
//2、关闭链接
service.shutdown();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
标签:girlName,Thread,void,class,死锁,线程,new,多线程,public 来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/shenyeanyue-study/p/14952177.html