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MySQL_04SQL子查询

2021-07-19 14:00:07 作者：互联网

MySQL_04SQL子查询

1.什么是子查询

select语句中嵌套select语句，被嵌套的select语句被称为子查询

2.在什么地方可以使用子查询

select..(select)
from...(select)
where(select)

3.在where后面使用

3.1案例

找出比最低工资高的员工姓名和工资

3.2实现

第一步

查询出最低工资

mysql> select min(sal) from emp;
+----------+
| min(sal) |
+----------+
|   800.00 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

第二步

找出大于800的员工姓名和工资

mysql> select ename,sal from emp where sal > 800;
+--------+---------+
| ename  | sal     |
+--------+---------+
| ALLEN  | 1600.00 |
| WARD   | 1250.00 |
| JONES  | 2975.00 |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 |
| BLAKE  | 2850.00 |
| CLARK  | 2450.00 |
| SCOTT  | 3000.00 |
| KING   | 5000.00 |
| TURNER | 1500.00 |
| ADAMS  | 1100.00 |
| JAMES  |  950.00 |
| FORD   | 3000.00 |
| MILLER | 1300.00 |
+--------+---------+
13 rows in set (0.01 sec)

第三步

合并

mysql> select ename,sal from emp where sal > (select min(sal) from emp);
+--------+---------+
| ename  | sal     |
+--------+---------+
| ALLEN  | 1600.00 |
| WARD   | 1250.00 |
| JONES  | 2975.00 |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 |
| BLAKE  | 2850.00 |
| CLARK  | 2450.00 |
| SCOTT  | 3000.00 |
| KING   | 5000.00 |
| TURNER | 1500.00 |
| ADAMS  | 1100.00 |
| JAMES  |  950.00 |
| FORD   | 3000.00 |
| MILLER | 1300.00 |
+--------+---------+
13 rows in set (0.02 sec)

4.在from后面使用

4.1案例

找出每个岗位的平均工资的薪资等级

4.2特点

将子查询的结果当作一张临时表

4.3涉及到的表

emp表

+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME  | JOB       | MGR  | HIREDATE   | SAL     | COMM    | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
|  7369 | SMITH  | CLERK     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 |  800.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 |  300.00 |     30 |
|  7521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 |  500.00 |     30 |
|  7566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 |     30 |
|  7698 | BLAKE  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 |    NULL |     30 |
|  7782 | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 |    NULL |     10 |
|  7788 | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1987-04-19 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7839 | KING   | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 |    NULL |     10 |
|  7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 |    0.00 |     30 |
|  7876 | ADAMS  | CLERK     | 7788 | 1987-05-23 | 1100.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7900 | JAMES  | CLERK     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 |  950.00 |    NULL |     30 |
|  7902 | FORD   | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7934 | MILLER | CLERK     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 |    NULL |     10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

salgrade表

+-------+-------+-------+
| GRADE | LOSAL | HISAL |
+-------+-------+-------+
|     1 |   700 |  1200 |
|     2 |  1201 |  1400 |
|     3 |  1401 |  2000 |
|     4 |  2001 |  3000 |
|     5 |  3001 |  9999 |
+-------+-------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.05 sec)

4.4实现

第一步

找出每个岗位的平均工资

mysql> select job,avg(sal) from emp group by job;
+-----------+-------------+
| job       | avg(sal)    |
+-----------+-------------+
| ANALYST   | 3000.000000 |
| CLERK     | 1037.500000 |
| MANAGER   | 2758.333333 |
| PRESIDENT | 5000.000000 |
| SALESMAN  | 1400.000000 |
+-----------+-------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

第二步

把第一步查询的结果当作一张临时表t，将临时表t和salgrade表进行表连接

mysql> select t.*,s.grade
  -> from (select job,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by job) as t
  -> join salgrade as s
  -> on t.avgsal between s.losal and s.hisal;
+-----------+-------------+-------+
| job    | avgsal   | grade |
+-----------+-------------+-------+
| CLERK   | 1037.500000 |   1 |
| SALESMAN | 1400.000000 |   2 |
| ANALYST  | 3000.000000 |   4 |
| MANAGER  | 2758.333333 |   4 |
| PRESIDENT | 5000.000000 |   5 |
+-----------+-------------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

5.在select后面使用

5.1案例

找出每个员工的部门名称，要求显示员工名、部门名

5.2涉及到的表

emp表

+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME  | JOB       | MGR  | HIREDATE   | SAL     | COMM    | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
|  7369 | SMITH  | CLERK     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 |  800.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 |  300.00 |     30 |
|  7521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 |  500.00 |     30 |
|  7566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 |     30 |
|  7698 | BLAKE  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 |    NULL |     30 |
|  7782 | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 |    NULL |     10 |
|  7788 | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1987-04-19 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7839 | KING   | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 |    NULL |     10 |
|  7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 |    0.00 |     30 |
|  7876 | ADAMS  | CLERK     | 7788 | 1987-05-23 | 1100.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7900 | JAMES  | CLERK     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 |  950.00 |    NULL |     30 |
|  7902 | FORD   | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7934 | MILLER | CLERK     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 |    NULL |     10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

dept表

+--------+------------+----------+
| DEPTNO | DNAME      | LOC      |
+--------+------------+----------+
|     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
|     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
|     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
|     40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON   |
+--------+------------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

5.3实现

在select后面完成dname的查询

mysql> select e.ename,(select d.dname from dept d where e.deptno = d.deptno) as dname
    -> from emp e;
+--------+------------+
| ename  | dname      |
+--------+------------+
| SMITH  | RESEARCH   |
| ALLEN  | SALES      |
| WARD   | SALES      |
| JONES  | RESEARCH   |
| MARTIN | SALES      |
| BLAKE  | SALES      |
| CLARK  | ACCOUNTING |
| SCOTT  | RESEARCH   |
| KING   | ACCOUNTING |
| TURNER | SALES      |
| ADAMS  | RESEARCH   |
| JAMES  | SALES      |
| FORD   | RESEARCH   |
| MILLER | ACCOUNTING |
+--------+------------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

5.4注意

在select后面的子查询结果一次不能超过一个，不然就报错

mysql> select e.ename,(select d.dname from dept d) as dname from emp e;
ERROR 1242 (21000): Subquery returns more than 1 row

标签：20,1981,30,04SQL,查询,MySQL,NULL,7698,select
来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/TSCCG/p/15029843.html