光线追踪算法
作者：互联网
1.三维点 Point3D类
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace WindowsFormsApp1
{
class Point3d
{
private double _x;
private double _y;
private double _z;
public double X { get => _x; set => _x = value; }
public double Y { get => _y; set => _y = value; }
public double Z { get => _z; set => _z = value; }
public Point3d(){
this.X=0;
this.Y = 0;
this.Z = 0;
}
public Point3d(double x,double y,double z)
{
this.X = x;
this.Y = y;
this.Z = z;
}
public static Vector3D operator -(Point3d a,Point3d b)
{
return new Vector3D(a.X - b.X, a.Y - b.Y, a.Z - b.Z);
}
public static Vector3D operator -(Point3d a,Vector3D b)
{
return new Vector3D(a.X - b.X, a.Y - b.Y, a.Z - b.Z);
}
public static Vector3D operator -(Vector3D a, Point3d b)
{
return new Vector3D(a.X - b.X, a.Y - b.Y, a.Z - b.Z);
}
}
}
2.Ray光线类
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace WindowsFormsApp1
{
class Ray
{
private Point3d _origin;
private Vector3D _direction;
public Ray()
{
this.Origin = new Point3d();
this.Direction = new Vector3D();
}
public Ray(Point3d origin,Vector3D direction)
{
this.Origin = origin;
this.Direction = direction;
}
internal Point3d Origin { get => _origin; set => _origin = value; }
internal Vector3D Direction { get => _direction; set => _direction = value; }
public Point3d GetRayAtSp(double t)
{
return Origin+ t * Direction;
}
public bool isHit(Sphere sphere,out Point3d phit,out Vector3D normal)
{
double t;
Vector3D co = Origin-sphere.Center;
double a = Direction * Direction;
double b = 2.0 * (Direction * co);
double c = co * co - sphere.Radiu * sphere.Radiu;
double delta = b * b - 4 * a * c;
if (delta >= 0)
{
t=(-b - Math.Sqrt(delta)) / (2 * a);
if (t < 0)
{
t = (-b + Math.Sqrt(delta)) / (2 * a);
}
phit = GetRayAtSp(t);
Vector3D v = phit - sphere.Center;
normal = v.GetNormalizeVector();
return true;
}
else
{
phit = new Point3d();
normal = new Vector3D();
return false;
}
}
/*public SColor ColorRS(Ray r)
{
bool k;
k = r.isHit(new Sphere(new Point3d(0, 0, -1), 0.5),out new Point3d(),out new Vector3D());
if (k)
{
return new SColor(1, 0, 0);
}
else {
Vector3D UnitVec = r.Direction.GetNormalizeVector();
double t = 0.5 * (UnitVec.Y + 1.0);
return new SColor((1.0-t)+t*0.5,(1.0-t)+t*0.7,(1.0-t)+t*1);
}
/*具体算法 blended_value = (1-t)*start_value +
t* end_value，函数里 start_value = Color3D(1.0, 1.0, 1.0), end_value =
Color3D(0.5, 0.7, 1.0)*/
}
}
3. 自定义颜色类 Scolor
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace WindowsFormsApp1
{
class SColor
{
private double _r;
private double _g;
private double _b;
public double R
{
get
{
return _r;
}
set
{
_r = value;
if (_r < 0.0)
{
_r = 0.0;
}
if (_r > 1.0)
{
_r = 1.0;
}
}
}
public double G
{
get
{
return _g;
}
set
{
_g = value;
if (_g < 0.0)
{
_g = 0.0;
}
if (_g > 1.0)
{
_g = 1.0;
}
}
}
public double B
{
get
{
return _b;
}
set
{
_b = value;
if (_b < 0.0)
{
_b = 0.0;
}
if (_b > 1.0)
{
_b = 1.0;
}
}
}
public SColor()
{
this.R = 0.0;
this.G = 0.0;
this.B = 0.0;
}
public SColor(double r,double g,double b)
{
this.R = r;
this.G = g;
this.B = b;
}
public static SColor operator *(SColor sc,double k)
{
return new SColor(sc.R * k, sc.G * k, sc.B * k);
}
public static SColor operator *(double k,SColor sc)
{
return new SColor(sc.R * k, sc.G * k, sc.B * k);
}
public Color Get255()
{
return Color.FromArgb((int) (R * 255), (int) (G * 255), (int) (B * 255));
}
public static SColor operator +(SColor s1,SColor s2)
{
return new SColor(s1.R + s2.R, s1.G + s2.G, s1.B + s2.B);
}
}
}
4.球类Sphere
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace WindowsFormsApp1
{
class Sphere
{
private Point3d _center;
private double _radiu;
public double Radiu { get => _radiu; set => _radiu = value; }
internal Point3d Center { get => _center; set => _center = value; }
public Sphere()
{
this.Center = new Point3d(0, 0,0);
this.Radiu = 1;
}
public Sphere(Point3d center,double radiu)
{
this.Center = center;
this.Radiu = radiu;
}
}
}
5.向量类Vector3D
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace WindowsFormsApp1
{
class Vector3D
{
private double _x;
private double _y;
private double _z;
public double X { get => _x; set => _x = value; }
public double Y { get => _y; set => _y = value; }
public double Z { get => _z; set => _z = value; }
public Vector3D()
{
this.X = 0;
this.Y = 0;
this.Z = 0;
}
public Vector3D(double x, double y, double z)
{
this.X = x;
this.Y = y;
this.Z = z;
}
public static double operator *(Vector3D a,Vector3D b)
{
return a.X * b.X + a.Y * b.Y + a.Z * b.Z;
}
public static Vector3D operator *(double number,Vector3D vec)
{
return new Vector3D(number * vec.X, number * vec.Y, number * vec.Z);
}
public static Vector3D operator *(Vector3D vec,double number)
{
return new Vector3D(number * vec.X, number * vec.Y, number * vec.Z);
}
public static Vector3D operator +(Vector3D vec1,Vector3D vec2)
{
return new Vector3D(vec1.X + vec2.X, vec1.Y + vec2.Y, vec1.Z + vec2.Z);
}
public static Point3d operator +(Point3d a,Vector3D b)
{
return new Point3d(a.X + b.X, a.Y + b.Y, a.Z + b.Z);
}
public static Vector3D operator -(Vector3D vec1, Vector3D vec2)
{
return new Vector3D(vec1.X - vec2.X, vec1.Y - vec2.Y, vec1.Z - vec2.Z);
}
public double Magnitude()
{
return Math.Sqrt(X * X + Y * Y + Z * Z);
}
public void Normalize()
{
double d = Magnitude();
X = X / d;
Y = Y / d;
Z = Z / d;
}
public Vector3D GetNormalizeVector()
{
double d = Magnitude();
return new Vector3D(X / d, Y / d, Z / d);
}
}
}
FORM1:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace WindowsFormsApp1
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
/*Ray primaryRay = new Ray();
primaryRay.Origin = new Point3d(10, 20, 20);
primaryRay.Direction = new Vector3D(0, 0, -1);
Ray shadowray = new Ray(new Point3d(10, 20, 20), new Vector3D(0, 0, -1));
Point3d hitpoint = new Point3d(10, 20, 20);
Vector3D dir = new Vector3D(0, 0, -1);
Ray reflectray = new Ray(hitpoint, dir);
double d = primaryRay.Direction * dir;
Point3d a = new Point3d(2, 1, 1);
Vector3D b = new Vector3D(1, 1, 1);
Vector3D c = a - b;*/
int hor = 2000;
int ver = 1000;
double resx = 4.0/hor;
double rexy= 2.0/ ver;
/*double mag = ray1.Direction.Magnitude();
Vector3D normalvec = ray1.Direction.GetNormalizeVector();*/
//观察点
Point3d eye = new Point3d(0, 0, 0);
//光源
Point3d light = new Point3d(-1, 2, -1);
SColor Id = new SColor(1, 1, 1);
double kd = 0.8;
//环境光源
SColor Ia = new SColor(1, 1, 1);
double ka = 0.2;
//球体
Sphere sp = new Sphere(new Point3d(0, 0, -2), 0.8);
Bitmap btm = new Bitmap(hor, ver);
for (int i = 0; i < hor; i++)
{
for(int j = 0; j < ver; j++)
{
//成像平面上的点
Point3d p = new Point3d(-2 + i * resx, 1 - j * rexy, -1);
Vector3D dir =p-eye;
Ray ray = new Ray(eye, dir);
Point3d phit;
Vector3D normal;
bool isHit = ray.isHit(sp, out phit, out normal);
Vector3D L = light - phit;
Vector3D Ln= L.GetNormalizeVector();
//漫反射
SColor idiffuse = Id * kd * (Ln * normal) + Ia * ka;
if (isHit)
{
btm.SetPixel(i, j, idiffuse.Get255());
}
else
{
btm.SetPixel(i, j, Color.Black);
}
pictureBox1.BackgroundImage = btm;
}
}
/*Ray ray1 = new Ray(new Point3d(1, -2, -1), new Vector3D(1, 2, 4));
Sphere sp = new Sphere(new Point3d(3, 0, 5), 3.0);
bool isHit=ray1.isHit(sp);*/
/*int nx = 200;
int ny = 100;
Bitmap bitmap= new Bitmap(nx, ny);
Point3d lowerLeftConor = new Point3d(-2, 1, 1);
Vector3D horizontal = new Vector3D(4, 0, 0);
Vector3D vertical = new Vector3D(0, 2, 0);
Point3d origin = new Point3d(0, 0, 0);
for(int i = 0; i < nx; i++)
{
for(int j = ny - 1 ; j >= 0; j--)
{
double u = i / nx;
double v = j / ny;
Ray r = new Ray(origin, lowerLeftConor + u * horizontal + v * vertical);
SColor clr = r.ColorRS(r);
int ir= (int)(255.99 * clr.R);
int ig = (int)(255.99 * clr.G);
int ib = (int)(255.99 * clr.B);
bitmap.SetPixel(i, j, Color.FromArgb(ir, ig, ib));
pictureBox1.BackgroundImage = bitmap;
pictureBox1.BackgroundImageLayout = ImageLayout.Stretch;
}
}
*/
}
}
}
效果
标签：光线,Vector3D,double,算法,using,new,Point3d,public,追踪 来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/jcahsy/p/12540089.html