python-尽管在虚拟环境中运行良好,但无法使用PyInstaller可执行文件导入Geopandas

当我用PyInstaller冻结的Python应用程序尝试导入Geopandas时,它将停止工作.

> Windows 10
> PyInstaller 3.3.1
>大熊猫0.4

这是源代码：

print("Hello, StackOverflow")
import geopandas as gpd

这是编译后的EXE的结果控制台输出：

Hello, StackOverflow
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "application.py", line 3, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked
  File "d:\documents\projecttwo\publish\harv_venv1\env\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 631, in exec_module
    exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
  File "site-packages\geopandas\__init__.py", line 9, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked
  File "d:\documents\projecttwo\publish\harv_venv1\env\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 631, in exec_module
    exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
  File "site-packages\geopandas\datasets\__init__.py", line 7, in <module>
StopIteration
[6764] Failed to execute script application

当我尝试导入Geopandas更复杂的应用程序时,此行为是一致的,并且控制台输出是恒定的.

Geopandas已正确安装在Python 3.6.3虚拟环境中(通过PIP,我也尝试过0.4和0.3版本),并且在编译之前就可以正常工作(即python application.py成功运行).

我尝试从不同的来源(例如Gohlke的轮子)安装geopandas和pyinstaller,结果相同.我也尝试过从头开始创建一个全新的虚拟环境,从Gohlke安装Fiona,从pip安装geopandas.

我怀疑可能需要进行一些隐藏的进口.我对PyInstaller相当陌生,因此可以提供任何帮助.

解决方法:

看起来geopandas正在init上积极加载其数据目录.它包含非python文件,这些非python文件在您的软件包中被pyinstaller忽略,因此,为了让Geopandas在加载时找到它们,必须将它们显式打包.

“手动”过程花了我一段时间才能弄清楚,并且我使用conda作为我的程序包管理器(如果您不这样做,那么这些修改仍会为您提供帮助).为了使此工作正常进行,我们需要修改第一次运行pyinstaller时生成的.spec文件：

# -*- mode: python -*-

import os
from PyInstaller.utils.hooks import collect_data_files # this is very helpful
env_path = os.environ['CONDA_PREFIX']
dlls = os.path.join(env_path, 'DLLs')
bins = os.path.join(env_path, 'Library', 'bin')

paths = [
    os.getcwd(),
    env_path,
    dlls,
    bins,
]

# these binary paths might be different on your installation. 
# modify as needed. 
# caveat emptor
binaries = [
    (os.path.join(bins,'geos.dll'), ''),
    (os.path.join(bins,'geos_c.dll'), ''),
    (os.path.join(bins,'spatialindex_c-64.dll'), ''),
    (os.path.join(bins,'spatialindex-64.dll'),''),
]

hidden_imports = [
    'ctypes',
    'ctypes.util',
    'fiona',
    'gdal',
    'geos',
    'shapely',
    'shapely.geometry',
    'pyproj',
    'rtree',
    'geopandas.datasets',
    'pytest',
    'pandas._libs.tslibs.timedeltas',
]

# other fancy pyinstaller stuff...

a = Analysis(['run_it.py'],
         pathex=paths, # add all your paths
         binaries=binaries, # add the dlls you may need
         datas=collect_data_files('geopandas', subdir='datasets'), #this is the important bit for your particular error message
         hiddenimports=hidden_imports, # double tap
         hookspath=[],
         runtime_hooks=[],
         excludes=excludes,
         win_no_prefer_redirects=False,
         win_private_assemblies=False,
         cipher=block_cipher)
# remaining fancy pyinstaller stuff...

那应该收集丢失的数据目录,并将其放在可执行文件可以找到的位置.

“自动”方式是构建一个为您执行此操作的hook-geopandas.py文件.当您进行构建时,pyinstaller会加载这些挂钩,以保存和共享这些技巧.实际上,已经有了一个非常好的钩子文件,可以用来形容geopandas依赖项之一,您可以查看here.

– – – 编辑 – – – –

我目前还正在构建一个依赖于Geopandas的项目,并且我意识到由于此issue,截至该日期(2018-08-23)上面的修复不完整.

在我的run_it.py中,我包含了以下测试,以确保fiona和gdal都正确打包到捆绑包中：

from osgeo import gdal, ogr, osr
from fiona.ogrext import Iterator, ItemsIterator, KeysIterator
from geopandas import GeoDataFrame

除非您是向导,否则此测试可能会失败.此填充程序在我的.spec文件中为我工作：

_osgeo_pyds = collect_data_files('osgeo', include_py_files=True)

osgeo_pyds = []
for p, lib in _osgeo_pyds:
    if '.pyd' in p:
        osgeo_pyds.append((p, ''))

binaries = osgeo_pyds + [
    # your other binaries
]

a = Analysis(
    # include your kwargs
)

我希望这有助于使答案更完整,并且捆绑的应用程序能够按预期完成地理空间操作.

标签：pyinstaller,python,geopandas
来源： https://codeday.me/bug/20191010/1884129.html