学习《C++ Primer Plus》(第一篇)
作者:互联网
第一个程序
// myfirst.cpp
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
cout << "Come up and C++ me some time.";
cout << endl;
cout << "You won't regret it!" << endl;
return 0;
}
C++是一门大小写敏感的语言。
C++程序必须包含一个名为main()的函数,作为程序的入口。
在main()函数没有return
语句时,默认在末尾加上return 0;
。
C++注释:
//
:行注释。/**/
:块注释。块注释不能嵌套块注释。
#include <iostream>
编译指令会让预处理器将iostream文件的内容添加到程序中。
using namespace std;
使用名称空间std,可以简化代码。
myfirst.cpp
遵循的C++源代码风格:
- 每条语句占一行
- 每个函数都有一个开始花括号和一个结束花括号,这两个花括号各占一行
- 函数中的语句都相对于花括号进行缩进
- 与函数名称相关的圆括号周围没有空白
C++语句
// carrots.cpp
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
int carrots;
carrots = 25;
cout << "I have ";
cout << carrots;
cout << " carrots.";
cout << endl;
carrots = carrots - 1;
cout << "Crunch, crunch. Now I have " << carrots << " carrots." << endl;
return 0;
}
声明语句int carrots;
包含两个信息:需要的内存以及该内存单元的名称。
C++数据类型的大小范围取决于实现。
对于声明变量,C++的做法是尽可能在首次使用变量前声明它。
C++输入
// getinfo.cpp
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
int carrots;
cout << "How many carrots do you have?" << endl;
cin >> carrots;
cout << "Here are two more. ";
carrots = carrots + 2;
cout << "Now you have " << carrots << " carrots" << endl;
return 0;
}
使用标准输入流获取控制台输入。
函数
// sqrt.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
double area;
cout << "Enter the floor area, in square feet, of your home: ";
cin >> area;
double side;
side = sqrt(area);
cout << "That's the equivalent of a square " << side
<< " feet to the side." << endl;
cout << "How fascinating!" << endl;
return 0;
}
C++程序应当为程序中使用的每个函数提供原型。
// ourfunc.cpp
// 自定义函数
#include <iostream>
void simon(int);
int main()
{
using namespace std;
simon(3);
cout << "Pick an integer: ";
int count;
cin >> count;
simon(count);
cout << "Done!" << endl;
return 0;
}
void simon(int n)
{
using namespace std;
cout << "Simon says touch your toes " << n << " times." << endl;
}
C++不允许将函数定义嵌套在另一个函数定义中。每个函数定义都是独立的,所有函数的创建都是平等的。
// convert.cpp
// 有返回值的函数
#include <iostream>
int stonetolb(int);
int main()
{
using namespace std;
int stone;
cout << "Enter the weight in stone: ";
cin >> stone;
int pounds = stonetolb(stone);
cout << stone << " stone = ";
cout << pounds << " pounds." << endl;
return 0;
}
int stonetolb(int sts)
{
return 14 * sts;
}
编程练习
// 编写一个C++程序,显示姓名和地址
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
cout << "Name: hllog" << endl;
cout << "Address: China" << endl;
return 0;
}
// 编写一个C++程序,它要求用户输入一个以long为单位的距离,
// 然后将它转换为码。 1 long = 220码
#include <iostream>
int longtoyard(int);
int main()
{
using namespace std;
cout << "Enter a distance(long): ";
int distance;
cin >> distance;
int yard = longtoyard(distance);
cout << distance << " long = "
<< yard << " yard." << endl;
return 0;
}
int longtoyard(int num)
{
return 220 * num;
}
// 编写一个C++程序,它使用3个用户定义的函数(包括main()),
// 并生成下面的输出
// Three blind mice
// Three blind mice
// See how they run
// See how they run
#include <iostream>
void show1();
void show2();
int main()
{
show1();
show1();
show2();
show2();
return 0;
}
void show1()
{
using namespace std;
cout << "Three blind mice" << endl;
}
void show2()
{
using namespace std;
cout << "See how they run" << endl;
}
// 编写一个程序,让用户输入年龄,然后显示该年龄包含多少个月
#include <iostream>
int monthOfAge(int);
int main()
{
using namespace std;
cout << "Enter your age(year): ";
int age;
cin >> age;
int month = monthOfAge(age);
cout << "Your age: " << month << " month" << endl;
return 0;
}
int monthOfAge(int age)
{
return 12 * age;
}
// 摄氏温度转华氏温度
// 华氏温度 = 1.8 * 摄氏温度 - 32.0
#include <iostream>
double C2F(double);
int main()
{
using namespace std;
cout << "Enter a Celsius: ";
double celsius;
cin >> celsius;
double fahrenheit = C2F(celsius);
cout << celsius << " celsius = "
<< fahrenheit << " fahrenheit." << endl;
return 0;
}
double C2F(double C)
{
return 1.8 * C - 32.0;
}
// 光年转天文单位
// 1光年 = 63240天文单位
#include <iostream>
double lightYear2AstronomicalUnit(double);
int main()
{
using namespace std;
cout << "Enter the number of light years: ";
double lightYear;
cin >> lightYear;
double astronomicalUnit = lightYear2AstronomicalUnit(lightYear);
cout << lightYear << " light years = "
<< astronomicalUnit << " astronomical units." << endl;
return 0;
}
double lightYear2AstronomicalUnit(double lightYear)
{
return 63240 * lightYear;
}
// 输入小时和分钟数,并格式化输出
#include <iostream>
void fmtTime(int, int);
int main()
{
using namespace std;
int hours, minutes;
cout << "Enter the number of hours: ";
cin >> hours;
cout << "Enter the number of minutes: ";
cin >> minutes;
fmtTime(hours, minutes);
return 0;
}
void fmtTime(int hours, int minutes)
{
using namespace std;
cout << "Time: " << hours << ":" << minutes << endl;
}
标签:std,Primer,cout,int,C++,include,Plus,using,main 来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/hllog/p/16204355.html