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学习《C++ Primer Plus》(第一篇)

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第一个程序

// myfirst.cpp
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
  	using namespace std;
	cout << "Come up and C++ me some time.";
	cout << endl;
	cout << "You won't regret it!" << endl;
	return 0;
}

C++是一门大小写敏感的语言。

C++程序必须包含一个名为main()的函数,作为程序的入口。

在main()函数没有return语句时,默认在末尾加上return 0;

C++注释:

#include <iostream>编译指令会让预处理器将iostream文件的内容添加到程序中。

using namespace std;使用名称空间std,可以简化代码。

myfirst.cpp遵循的C++源代码风格:

C++语句

// carrots.cpp
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
	using namespace std;

	int carrots;

	carrots = 25;
	cout << "I have ";
	cout << carrots;
	cout << " carrots.";
	cout << endl;
	carrots = carrots - 1;
	cout << "Crunch, crunch. Now I have " << carrots << " carrots." << endl;
	return 0;
}

声明语句int carrots;包含两个信息:需要的内存以及该内存单元的名称。

C++数据类型的大小范围取决于实现。

对于声明变量,C++的做法是尽可能在首次使用变量前声明它。

C++输入

// getinfo.cpp
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
	using namespace std;

	int carrots;

	cout << "How many carrots do you have?" << endl;
	cin >> carrots;
	cout << "Here are two more. ";
	carrots = carrots + 2;
	cout << "Now you have " << carrots << " carrots" << endl;
	return 0;
}

使用标准输入流获取控制台输入。

函数

// sqrt.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>

int main()
{
	using namespace std;

	double area;
	cout << "Enter the floor area, in square feet, of your home: ";
	cin >> area;
	double side;
	side = sqrt(area);
	cout << "That's the equivalent of a square " << side
		<< " feet to the side." << endl;
	cout << "How fascinating!" << endl;
	return 0;
}

C++程序应当为程序中使用的每个函数提供原型。

// ourfunc.cpp
// 自定义函数
#include <iostream>

void simon(int);

int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	simon(3);
	cout << "Pick an integer: ";
	int count;
	cin >> count;
	simon(count);
	cout << "Done!" << endl;
	return 0;
}

void simon(int n)
{
	using namespace std;
	cout << "Simon says touch your toes " << n << " times." << endl;
}

C++不允许将函数定义嵌套在另一个函数定义中。每个函数定义都是独立的,所有函数的创建都是平等的。

// convert.cpp
// 有返回值的函数
#include <iostream>

int stonetolb(int);

int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	int stone;
	cout << "Enter the weight in stone: ";
	cin >> stone;
	int pounds = stonetolb(stone);
	cout << stone << " stone = ";
	cout << pounds << " pounds." << endl;
	return 0;
}

int stonetolb(int sts)
{
	return 14 * sts;
}

编程练习

// 编写一个C++程序,显示姓名和地址
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	cout << "Name: hllog" << endl;
	cout << "Address: China" << endl;
        return 0;
}
// 编写一个C++程序,它要求用户输入一个以long为单位的距离,
// 然后将它转换为码。 1 long = 220码
#include <iostream>

int longtoyard(int);

int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	cout << "Enter a distance(long): ";
	int distance;
	cin >> distance;
	int yard = longtoyard(distance);
	cout << distance << " long = " 
		<< yard << " yard." << endl;
	return 0;
}

int longtoyard(int num)
{
	return 220 * num;
}
// 编写一个C++程序,它使用3个用户定义的函数(包括main()),
// 并生成下面的输出
// Three blind mice
// Three blind mice
// See how they run
// See how they run
#include <iostream>

void show1();
void show2();

int main()
{
	show1();
	show1();
	show2();
	show2();
	return 0;
}


void show1()
{
	using namespace std;
	cout << "Three blind mice" << endl;
}

void show2()
{
	using namespace std;
	cout << "See how they run" << endl;
}
// 编写一个程序,让用户输入年龄,然后显示该年龄包含多少个月
#include <iostream>

int monthOfAge(int);

int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	cout << "Enter your age(year): ";
	int age;
	cin >> age;
	int month = monthOfAge(age);
	cout << "Your age: " << month << " month" << endl;
	return 0;
}

int monthOfAge(int age)
{
	return 12 * age;
}
// 摄氏温度转华氏温度
// 华氏温度 = 1.8 * 摄氏温度 - 32.0
#include <iostream>

double C2F(double);

int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	cout << "Enter a Celsius: ";
	double celsius;
	cin >> celsius;
	double fahrenheit = C2F(celsius);
	cout << celsius << " celsius = " 
		<< fahrenheit << " fahrenheit." << endl;
	return 0;
}

double C2F(double C)
{
	return 1.8 * C - 32.0;
}
// 光年转天文单位
// 1光年 = 63240天文单位
#include <iostream>

double lightYear2AstronomicalUnit(double);

int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	cout << "Enter the number of light years: ";
	double lightYear;
	cin >> lightYear;
	double astronomicalUnit = lightYear2AstronomicalUnit(lightYear);
	cout << lightYear << " light years = "
		<< astronomicalUnit << " astronomical units." << endl;
	return 0;
}

double lightYear2AstronomicalUnit(double lightYear)
{
	return 63240 * lightYear;
}
// 输入小时和分钟数,并格式化输出
#include <iostream>

void fmtTime(int, int);

int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	int hours, minutes;
	cout << "Enter the number of hours: ";
	cin >> hours;
	cout << "Enter the number of minutes: ";
	cin >> minutes;
	fmtTime(hours, minutes);
	return 0;
}

void fmtTime(int hours, int minutes)
{
	using namespace std;
	cout << "Time: " << hours << ":" << minutes << endl;
}

标签:std,Primer,cout,int,C++,include,Plus,using,main
来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/hllog/p/16204355.html