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python-shapely包

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python-shapely

目录

shapely 是一个专门进行二维平面图像计算包

shapely是一个BSD授权的Python包。是专门做图形计算,用于操作和分析笛卡尔坐标系中的几何对象 ,基本上图形线段,点的判断包里都有,shapely里主要由Point,LineString,Polygon这三类组成。

主要对象

常用对象 说明
Point
LineString 线段
Polygon 多边形

通用对象方法

共有属性

共有属性 描述
object.area 获得面积
object.bounds 获得边界 (minx,miny,maxx,maxy)
object.length 长度
object.geom_type 获得类型 Point
object.distance(other) 获取和其他对象距离,不限于本类型
object.is_empty 是否为空
object.is_valid 是否有效
from shapely.geometry import Point
from shapely.geometry import LineString

print (Point(0,0).distance(Point(0,1)))
line = LineString([(0,0), (1,1), (1,2)])
print(line.area)
print(bine.bounds)
print(line.length)
print(line.geom_type)
# ----------------------------------------------------------
1.0
0.0
(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 2.0)
2.414213562373095
'LineString'

Point

点对象

点对象具有零面积和非零长度

from shapely.geometry import Point

# 三种创建方式
point = Point(1,1)
point_2 = Point((1,1))
point_3 = Point(point)   # 复制已有的点对象 

print(point.area)      # 点的 area==0.0
print(ponit.length)    # 点的 length==0.0

# 得到X,y
# Point.x,Point.y,Point.z : 获取对应x,y,z坐标值
print(point.x)    # 1.0
print(point.y)    # 1.0


#  (minx, miny, maxx, maxy) 元组
print(point.bounds) #(1)

# Point.coords: 返回坐标值
# 通过 coords得到 x,y
print(list(p.coords)) # [(1.0,1.0)]


# coords可以被切片
print(p.coords[:])   # [(1.0,1.0)]

LineStrings

LineStrings 构造函数传入参数是2个或多个点序列

线段对象

线段对象具有零面积和非零长度

from shapely.geometry import LineString
line = LinearRing([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 0)]) # 创建线段对象
print(line.area)
#0
print(line.length)
#3.4142135623730949

print(line.bounds)   #边界
#(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0)

Polygon

多边形对象----为了结果的正确性,建议强制指定为凸多边形

Polygon构造函数采用两个位置参数。 第一个是(x,y [,z])点元组的有序序列,其处理方式与LinearRing情况完全相同。 第二个是可选的无序环状序列,用于指定特征的内部边界或“孔”。

from shapely.geometry import Polygon
polygon = Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 0)])
# 三角形

print(polygon.area)
print(polygon.length)
print(polygon.bounds)
print(polygon.boundary)

#0.5
#3.414213562373095
#(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0)
#LINESTRING (0 0, 1 1, 1 0, 0 0)

多边形关系

object.bound

polygon = Polygon([(0, 0),(1, 1), (1, 0)])

print(polygon.bounds)
#(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0)  # xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax

object.boundary

polygon = Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (2, 0)])
print(polygon.boundary)

# 降一维度,由多边形变成线段
# 最小对象集合
#LINESTRING (0 0, 2 2, 2 0, 0 0)

line = LinearRing([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 0)])  # 创建线段对象
print(line.boundary)
#MULTIPOINT EMPTY

object.centroid

line = LinearRing([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 0)])  # 创建线段对象
polygon = Polygon([(0, 0), (0,1),(1, 1), (1, 0)])
print(polygon.centroid)
print(line.centroid)

#POINT (0.5 0.5)
#POINT (0.6464466094067263 0.3535533905932737)

进阶属性

进阶属性 描述
object.contains(other) 是否包含
object.difference(other) 差集
object.intersection(other) 交集
object.symmetric_difference(other) 对称差集
object.union(other) 并集

object.intersection(other)

polygon1 = Polygon([(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, 0)])
polygon2 = Polygon([(0, 0), (0.5, 1), (-0.5, 1), (-1, 0)])

box=polygon1.intersection(polygon2)
print(box)
print(box.area)

#POLYGON ((0 0, 0 1, 0.5 1, 0 0))
#0.25

# 如果两个图形没有交集
polygon1 = Polygon([(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, 0)])
polygon2 = Polygon([(0, 0), (-0.5, 1), (-1, 0)])

box=polygon2.intersection(polygon1)
print(box)
print(box.area)
#POINT (0 0)
#0.0

object.difference(other)

polygon1 = Polygon([(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, 0)])
polygon2 = Polygon([(0, 0), (0.5, 1), (-0.5, 1), (-1, 0)])

polygon1 = Polygon([(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, 0)])
polygon2 = Polygon([(0, 0), (0.5, 1), (-0.5, 1), (-1, 0)])

box=polygon2.difference(polygon1)
print(box)
print(box.area)

#POLYGON ((0 0, -1 0, -0.5 1, 0 1, 0 0))
#0.75

object.symmetric_difference(other)

object.union(other)

polygon1 = Polygon([(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, 0)])
polygon2 = Polygon([(0, 0), (0.5, 1), (-0.5, 1), (-1, 0)])

box = polygon2.union(polygon1)
print(box)
print(box.area)

#POLYGON ((0 1, 0.5 1, 1 1, 1 0, 0 0, -1 0, -0.5 1, 0 1))
#1.75

还有很多有意思的用法:

参考:

https://blog.csdn.net/linzi1994/article/details/106484538

标签:shapely,Point,python,object,0.5,对象,print,Polygon
来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/tian777/p/15172138.html