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matlab实现LEACH协议路由分簇算法

作者：互联网

文章目录

 

一、理论基础

LEACH（Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy）是由Wendi Rabiner Heinzelman、Anantha Chandrakasan和Hari Balakrishnan三人于2000年提出的一种无线传感器网络路由协议，它利用簇头的随机轮换在网络中的传感器之间均匀地分配能量负载。LEACH使用局部协调来实现动态网络的可伸缩性和健壮性，并将数据融合纳入路由协议中，以减少必须传输到基站的信息量。仿真结果表明，与传统的路由协议相比，LEACH协议的能耗降低了8倍。此外，LEACH能够在传感器中均匀地分配能量耗散，使网络的有效系统的生命周期延长一倍。

二、方法描述

1、节点分簇

2、节点能量消耗

三、仿真分析

节点分布如图1所示。
在这里插入图片描述

图1 100节点随机分布图

1、节点分簇

仿真程序如下：

%% 清空环境变量
clear;
clc;

%% 初始化参数
xm = 100;                        % x轴范围
ym = 100;                        % y轴范围
sink.x = 50;                     % 基站x轴 50
sink.y = 200;                    % 基站y轴 200
n = 100;                         % 节点总数
p = 0.05;                        % 簇头概率
Eelec = 50*10^(-9);
Efs=10*10^(-12);
Emp=0.0013*10^(-12);
ED=5*10^(-9);
d0 = sqrt(Efs/Emp);
packetLength = 4000;
ctrPacketLength = 100;
rmax = 2000;

figure;
%% 节点随机分布
for i = 1:n
    Node(i).xd = rand(1,1)*xm;
    Node(i).yd = rand(1,1)*ym; % 随机产生100个点
    Node(i).type = 'N';        % 进行选举簇头前先将所有节点设为普通节点
    Node(i).E = 0.5;           % 初始能量
    Node(i).CH = 0;            % 保存普通节点的簇头节点，-1代表自己是簇头
    Node(i).d = sqrt((Node(i).xd-sink.x)^2+(Node(i).yd-sink.y)^2);
    Node(i).G = 0;             % 候选集标志
    plot(Node(i).xd, Node(i).yd, 'o', sink.x, sink.y, 'p', 'LineWidth', 2);
    hold on;
end
legend('节点', '基站');
xlabel 'x'; ylabel 'y'; title 'WSN分布图';

%%
alive = zeros(rmax, 1);        % 每轮存活节点数
re = zeros(rmax, 1);           % 每轮节点总能量
ce = zeros(rmax, 1);           % 每轮节点消耗总能量
for r = 1:10
    figure;
    if mod(r, round(1/p)) == 0
        for i = 1:n
            Node(i).G=0;
        end
    end
    for i = 1:n
        if Node(i).E > 0
            Node(i).type = 'N';
            Node(i).CH = 0;
            alive(r) = alive(r)+1;
            re(r) = re(r)+Node(i).E;
        end
    end
    if alive(r) == 0
        break;
    end
    %% 簇头选举
    cluster = 0;
    for i = 1:n
        if  Node(i).E > 0
            temp_rand = rand;
            if Node(i).G <= 0 && temp_rand < p/(1-p*mod(r,round(1/p)))
                Node(i).type = 'C';      % 节点类型为簇头
                Node(i).G = 1;
                cluster = cluster + 1;
                % 簇头节点存入C数组
                C(cluster).xd = Node(i).xd;
                C(cluster).yd = Node(i).yd;
                C(cluster).dist = Node(i).d;
                C(cluster).id = i;
                plot(C(cluster).xd, C(cluster).xd, '*');
                text(Node(i).xd, Node(i).yd, num2str(i));
                hold on;
                CH = C;
                Node(i).CH = -1;
                % 广播自成为簇头
                distanceBroad = sqrt(xm*xm+ym*ym);
                if distanceBroad > d0
                    Node(i).E = Node(i).E- (Eelec*ctrPacketLength + Emp*ctrPacketLength*distanceBroad^4);
                    ce(r) = ce(r)+Eelec*ctrPacketLength + Emp*ctrPacketLength*distanceBroad^4;
               else
                    Node(i).E = Node(i).E- (Eelec*ctrPacketLength + Efs*ctrPacketLength*distanceBroad^2);
                    ce(r) = ce(r)+Eelec*ctrPacketLength + Efs*ctrPacketLength*distanceBroad^2;
                end
                % 簇头自己发送数据包能量消耗
                if Node(i).d > d0
                    Node(i).E = Node(i).E- ((Eelec+ED)*packetLength+Emp*packetLength*Node(i).d^4);
                    ce(r) = ce(r)+(Eelec+ED)*packetLength+Emp*packetLength*Node(i).d^4;
                else
                    Node(i).E = Node(i).E- ((Eelec+ED)*packetLength+Efs*packetLength*Node(i).d^2);
                    ce(r) = ce(r)+(Eelec+ED)*packetLength+Efs*packetLength*Node(i).d^2;
                end
            end
        end
    end
    % 判断最近的簇头结点，如何去判断，采用距离矩阵
    for i = 1:n
        if Node(i).type == 'N' && Node(i).E > 0
            if cluster > 0
                Length = zeros(cluster, 1);
                for c = 1:cluster
                    Length(c) = sqrt((Node(i).xd - C(c).xd)^2+(Node(i).yd-C(c).yd)^2);
                end
                [min_dis, min_dis_cluster] = min(Length);    % 找到距离簇头最近的簇成员节点
                plot(Node(i).xd, Node(i).yd, 'o');
                text(Node(i).xd, Node(i).yd, num2str(i));
                hold on;
                plot([Node(i).xd; Node(C(min_dis_cluster).id).xd], [Node(i).yd; Node(C(min_dis_cluster).id).yd]);
                hold on;
                % 接收簇头发来的广播的消耗
                Node(i).E = Node(i).E - Eelec*ctrPacketLength;
                ce(r) = ce(r)+Eelec*ctrPacketLength;
                % 加入这个簇，并发送数据给簇头
                if min_dis < d0
                    Node(i).E = Node(i).E-(Eelec*(ctrPacketLength+packetLength)+Efs*(ctrPacketLength+packetLength)*min_dis^2);
                    ce(r) = ce(r)+Eelec*(ctrPacketLength+packetLength)+Efs*(ctrPacketLength+packetLength)*min_dis^2;
                else
                    Node(i).E = Node(i).E-(Eelec*(ctrPacketLength+packetLength)+Emp*(ctrPacketLength+packetLength)*min_dis^4);
                    ce(r) = ce(r)+Eelec*(ctrPacketLength+packetLength)+Emp*(ctrPacketLength+packetLength)*min_dis^4;
                end
                Node(i).CH = C(min_dis_cluster).id;
                % 簇头接收簇成员数据包消耗能量,接收加入消息和确认加入消息
                 if min_dis > 0
                    Node(C(min_dis_cluster).id).E = Node(C(min_dis_cluster).id).E - (Eelec+ED)*packetLength; %接受簇成员发来的数据包
                    Node(C(min_dis_cluster).id).E = Node(C(min_dis_cluster).id).E - Eelec*ctrPacketLength; %接收加入消息
                    ce(r) = ce(r)+(Eelec+ED)*packetLength+Eelec*ctrPacketLength;
                    if min_dis > d0    % 簇头向簇成员发送确认加入的消息
                        Node(C(min_dis_cluster).id).E = Node(C(min_dis_cluster).id).E - (Eelec*ctrPacketLength+Emp*ctrPacketLength*min_dis^4);
                        ce(r) = ce(r)+Eelec*ctrPacketLength+Emp*ctrPacketLength*min_dis^4;
                    else
                        Node(C(min_dis_cluster).id).E = Node(C(min_dis_cluster).id).E - (Eelec*ctrPacketLength+Efs*ctrPacketLength*min_dis^2);
                        ce(r) = ce(r)+Eelec*ctrPacketLength+Efs*ctrPacketLength*min_dis^2;
                    end
                end
            else
                if Node(i).d < d0
                    Node(i).E = Node(i).E-(Eelec*packetLength+Efs*packetLength*Node(i).d^2);
                    ce(r) = ce(r)+Eelec*packetLength+Efs*packetLength*Node(i).d^2;
                else
                    Node(i).E = Node(i).E-(Eelec*packetLength+Emp*packetLength*Node(i).d^4);
                    ce(r) = ce(r)+Eelec*packetLength+Emp*packetLength*Node(i).d^4;
                end
            end
        end
    end
    clear C;
end

随机选取4幅分簇图，如图2~5所示。
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

图2~5 LEACH分簇图

2、节点能量消耗

代码如下：

%% 清空环境变量
clear;
clc;

%% 初始化参数
xm = 100;                        % x轴范围
ym = 100;                        % y轴范围
sink.x = 50;                     % 基站x轴 50
sink.y = 200;                    % 基站y轴 200
n = 100;                         % 节点总数
p = 0.05;                        % 簇头概率
Eelec = 50*10^(-9);
Efs=10*10^(-12);
Emp=0.0013*10^(-12);
ED=5*10^(-9);
d0 = sqrt(Efs/Emp);
packetLength = 4000;
ctrPacketLength = 100;
rmax = 1500;

figure;
%% 节点随机分布
for i = 1:n
    Node(i).xd = rand(1,1)*xm;
    Node(i).yd = rand(1,1)*ym; % 随机产生100个点
    Node(i).type = 'N';        % 进行选举簇头前先将所有节点设为普通节点
    Node(i).E = 0.5;           % 初始能量
    Node(i).CH = 0;            % 保存普通节点的簇头节点，-1代表自己是簇头
    Node(i).d = sqrt((Node(i).xd-sink.x)^2+(Node(i).yd-sink.y)^2);
    Node(i).G = 0;             % 候选集标志
    plot(Node(i).xd, Node(i).yd, 'o', sink.x, sink.y, 'p', 'LineWidth', 2);
    hold on;
end
legend('节点', '基站');
xlabel 'x'; ylabel 'y'; title 'WSN分布图';

%%
alive = zeros(rmax, 1);        % 每轮存活节点数
re = zeros(rmax, 1);           % 每轮节点总能量
ce = zeros(rmax, 1);           % 每轮节点消耗总能量
for r = 1:rmax
    if mod(r, round(1/p)) == 0
        for i = 1:n
            Node(i).G=0;
        end
    end
    for i = 1:n
        if Node(i).E > 0
            Node(i).type = 'N';
            Node(i).CH = 0;
            alive(r) = alive(r)+1;
            re(r) = re(r)+Node(i).E;
        end
    end
    if alive(r) == 0
        break;
    end
    %% 簇头选举
    cluster = 0;
    for i = 1:n
        if  Node(i).E > 0
            temp_rand = rand;
            if Node(i).G <= 0 && temp_rand < p/(1-p*mod(r,round(1/p)))
                Node(i).type = 'C';      % 节点类型为簇头
                Node(i).G = 1;
                cluster = cluster + 1;
                % 簇头节点存入C数组
                C(cluster).xd = Node(i).xd;
                C(cluster).yd = Node(i).yd;
                C(cluster).dist = Node(i).d;
                C(cluster).id = i;
                CH = C;
                Node(i).CH = -1;
                % 广播自成为簇头
                distanceBroad = sqrt(xm*xm+ym*ym);
                if distanceBroad > d0
                    Node(i).E = Node(i).E- (Eelec*ctrPacketLength + Emp*ctrPacketLength*distanceBroad^4);
                    ce(r) = ce(r)+Eelec*ctrPacketLength + Emp*ctrPacketLength*distanceBroad^4;
               else
                    Node(i).E = Node(i).E- (Eelec*ctrPacketLength + Efs*ctrPacketLength*distanceBroad^2);
                    ce(r) = ce(r)+Eelec*ctrPacketLength + Efs*ctrPacketLength*distanceBroad^2;
                end
                % 簇头自己发送数据包能量消耗
                if Node(i).d > d0
                    Node(i).E = Node(i).E- ((Eelec+ED)*packetLength+Emp*packetLength*Node(i).d^4);
                    ce(r) = ce(r)+(Eelec+ED)*packetLength+Emp*packetLength*Node(i).d^4;
                else
                    Node(i).E = Node(i).E- ((Eelec+ED)*packetLength+Efs*packetLength*Node(i).d^2);
                    ce(r) = ce(r)+(Eelec+ED)*packetLength+Efs*packetLength*Node(i).d^2;
                end
            end
        end
    end
    % 判断最近的簇头结点，如何去判断，采用距离矩阵
    for i = 1:n
        if Node(i).type == 'N' && Node(i).E > 0
            if cluster > 0
                Length = zeros(cluster, 1);
                for c = 1:cluster
                    Length(c) = sqrt((Node(i).xd - C(c).xd)^2+(Node(i).yd-C(c).yd)^2);
                end
                [min_dis, min_dis_cluster] = min(Length);    % 找到距离簇头最近的簇成员节点
                % 接收簇头发来的广播的消耗
                Node(i).E = Node(i).E - Eelec*ctrPacketLength;
                ce(r) = ce(r)+Eelec*ctrPacketLength;
                % 加入这个簇，并发送数据给簇头
                if min_dis < d0
                    Node(i).E = Node(i).E-(Eelec*(ctrPacketLength+packetLength)+Efs*(ctrPacketLength+packetLength)*min_dis^2);
                    ce(r) = ce(r)+Eelec*(ctrPacketLength+packetLength)+Efs*(ctrPacketLength+packetLength)*min_dis^2;
                else
                    Node(i).E = Node(i).E-(Eelec*(ctrPacketLength+packetLength)+Emp*(ctrPacketLength+packetLength)*min_dis^4);
                    ce(r) = ce(r)+Eelec*(ctrPacketLength+packetLength)+Emp*(ctrPacketLength+packetLength)*min_dis^4;
                end
                Node(i).CH = C(min_dis_cluster).id;
                % 簇头接收簇成员数据包消耗能量,接收加入消息和确认加入消息
                 if min_dis > 0
                    Node(C(min_dis_cluster).id).E = Node(C(min_dis_cluster).id).E - (Eelec+ED)*packetLength; %接受簇成员发来的数据包
                    Node(C(min_dis_cluster).id).E = Node(C(min_dis_cluster).id).E - Eelec*ctrPacketLength; %接收加入消息
                    ce(r) = ce(r)+(Eelec+ED)*packetLength+Eelec*ctrPacketLength;
                    if min_dis > d0        % 簇头向簇成员发送确认加入的消息
                        Node(C(min_dis_cluster).id).E = Node(C(min_dis_cluster).id).E - (Eelec*ctrPacketLength+Emp*ctrPacketLength*min_dis^4);
                        ce(r) = ce(r)+Eelec*ctrPacketLength+Emp*ctrPacketLength*min_dis^4;
                    else
                        Node(C(min_dis_cluster).id).E = Node(C(min_dis_cluster).id).E - (Eelec*ctrPacketLength+Efs*ctrPacketLength*min_dis^2);
                        ce(r) = ce(r)+Eelec*ctrPacketLength+Efs*ctrPacketLength*min_dis^2;
                    end
                end
            else                 % 无簇头选出，直接发送数据包到基站
                if Node(i).d < d0
                    Node(i).E = Node(i).E-(Eelec*packetLength+Efs*packetLength*Node(i).d^2);
                    ce(r) = ce(r)+Eelec*packetLength+Efs*packetLength*Node(i).d^2;
                else
                    Node(i).E = Node(i).E-(Eelec*packetLength+Emp*packetLength*Node(i).d^4);
                    ce(r) = ce(r)+Eelec*packetLength+Emp*packetLength*Node(i).d^4;
                end
            end
        end
    end
    clear C;
end
%% 绘图显示
figure;
plot(1:rmax, alive, 'r', 'LineWidth', 2);
xlabel '轮数'; ylabel '每轮存活节点数';
figure;
plot(1:rmax, re, 'b', 'LineWidth', 2);
xlabel '轮数'; ylabel '每轮剩余总能量';
figure;
plot(1:rmax, ce, 'm', 'LineWidth', 1);
xlabel '轮数'; ylabel '每轮消耗总能量';

每轮节点存活个数如图6所示。
在这里插入图片描述

图6 每轮节点存活个数

每轮节点总剩余能量如图7所示。
在这里插入图片描述​

图7 每轮节点总剩余能量

每轮节点总消耗能量如图8所示。
在这里插入图片描述​

图8 每轮节点总消耗能量

四、参考文献

代码下载或者仿真咨询添加QQ1575304183

[1] kkzhang .LEACH分簇算法实现和能量控制算法实现. 博客园
[2] HEINZELMAN W, CHANDＲAKASAN A, BALAKＲISHNAN H. Energy- efficient communication protocol for wireless micro- sensor networks[C]/ /Proc of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences． Washington:IEEE Computer Society, 2000:3005- 3014．
[3] 喻小惠,张晶,陶涛,龚力波,黄云明,傅铁威.基于蚁群策略的无线传感器网络能耗均衡分簇算法[J].计算机工程与科学,2019,41(07):1197-1202.

 

标签：Node,packetLength,LEACH,min,ctrPacketLength,ce,matlab,分簇,Eelec
来源： https://blog.51cto.com/u_15287693/2960378