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深度学习笔记-计算机视觉

作者:互联网

本文不阐述各个知识点具体内容,只给出代码实现和理解,其中涉及到的知识点如下




目标检测和边框值

import d2lzh as d2l
from mxnet import image

d2l.set_figsize()
img = image.imread('img/catdog.jpg').asnumpy()

# 边界框(bounding_box)
dog_bbox,cat_bbox = [60,45,378,516],[400,112,655,493]
# bbox_to_reat 将边界框表示成matplotlib的边界形式
def bbox_to_rect(bbox,color):
	# 左上x,左上y,右下x,右下y
    # ((左上x,左上y),宽,高)
    return d2l.plt.Rectangle(
        xy=(bbox[0],bbox[1]),width=bbox[2]-bbox[0],height=bbox[3]-bbox[1],
        fill=False,edgecolor=color,linewidth=2
        # 不填充,边界颜色color,线宽2
    )
fig = d2l.plt.imshow(img)
fig.axes.add_patch(bbox_to_rect(dog_bbox,'blue'))
fig.axes.add_patch(bbox_to_rect(cat_bbox,'red'))

在这里插入图片描述




锚框

以每个像素的中心生成多个大小和宽高比不同的边界框。这些边界框称为锚框


from mxnet import image,contrib,gluon,nd
import numpy as np
import d2lzh as d2l
np.set_printoptions(2)

img = image.imread('img/catdog.jpg').asnumpy()
h,w = img.shape[0:2]	#高和宽
print(h,w)
X = nd.random.uniform(shape=(1,3,h,w))
Y = contrib.nd.MultiBoxPrior(X,sizes=[0.75,0.5,0.25],ratios=[1,2,0.5])	# 一个像素5个锚框
Y.shape	#(1,2042040,4)
boxes = Y.reshape((h,w,5,4))	

print(boxes[250,250,:,:])

def show_bboxes(axes,bboxes,labels=None,colors=None):
    def _make_list(obj,default_values=None):
        if obj is None:
            obj = default_values
        elif not isinstance(obj,(list,tuple)):
            obj = [obj]
        return obj
    labels = _make_list(labels)
    #['s=0.75,r=1', 's=0.5,r=1', 's=0.25,r=1', 's=0.75,r=2', 's=0.75,r=0.5']
    colors = _make_list(colors,['b','g','r','m','c'])   
    #['b', 'g', 'r', 'm', 'c']
    for i,bbox in enumerate(bboxes):
        color = colors[i%len(colors)]
        rect = d2l.bbox_to_rect(bbox.asnumpy(),color)
        axes.add_patch(rect)
        print(i)
        if labels and len(labels)>i:    #个数判定
            text_color = 'k' if color == 'w' else 'w'   # 因为是颜色,w是白色
            #增加外框,如文字说名.
            axes.text(rect.xy[0],rect.xy[1],labels[i],va='center',ha='center',
                      fontsize=9,color=text_color,bbox=dict(facecolor=color,lw=0))
d2l.set_figsize()
bbox_scale = nd.array((w,h,w,h))
fig = d2l.plt.imshow(img)   
# 因为x轴和y轴坐标除了宽和高,这里需要还原.
show_bboxes(fig.axes,boxes[250,250,:,:]*bbox_scale,['s=0.75,r=1','s=0.5,r=1',
                                                        's=0.25,r=1','s=0.75,r=2',
                                                        's=0.75,r=0.5'])

d2l.plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述




# 在上面的基础上,注释掉show_bboxes(fig.axes,boxes[250,250,:,:]*bbox_scale,['s=0.75,r=1','s=0.5,r=1',
#                                                      's=0.25,r=1','s=0.75,r=2',
#                                                        's=0.75,r=0.5'])
#In[6]
# 第一个元素是类别,0为狗,1为猫,剩下4个是锚框坐标
ground_truth = nd.array([[0,0.1,0.08,0.52,0.92],[1,0.55,0.2,0.9,0.88]])
# 其余5个锚框坐标
anchors = nd.array([[0,0.1,0.2,0.3],[0.15,0.2,0.4,0.4],[0.63,0.05,0.88,0.98],[0.66,0.45,0.8,0.8],
                    [0.57,0.3,0.92,0.9]])
fig = d2l.plt.imshow(img) 
# k与5个锚框颜色区分。
show_bboxes(fig.axes,ground_truth[:,1:]*bbox_scale,['dog','cat'],'k')
show_bboxes(fig.axes,anchors*bbox_scale,['0','1','2','3','4'])
d2l.plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述



#In[1]
from mxnet import image,contrib,gluon,nd
import numpy as np
import d2lzh as d2l
np.set_printoptions(2)

#In[2]
img = image.imread('img/catdog.jpg').asnumpy()
h,w = img.shape[0:2]
print(h,w)
X = nd.random.uniform(shape=(1,3,h,w))
Y = contrib.nd.MultiBoxPrior(X,sizes=[0.75,0.5,0.25],ratios=[1,2,0.5])
Y.shape

#In[3]
boxes = Y.reshape((h,w,5,4))

#In[4]
def show_bboxes(axes,bboxes,labels=None,colors=None):
    def _make_list(obj,default_values=None):
        if obj is None:
            obj = default_values
        elif not isinstance(obj,(list,tuple)):
            obj = [obj]
        return obj
    labels = _make_list(labels)
    #['s=0.75,r=1', 's=0.5,r=1', 's=0.25,r=1', 's=0.75,r=2', 's=0.75,r=0.5']
    colors = _make_list(colors,['b','g','r','m','c'])   
    #['b', 'g', 'r', 'm', 'c']
    for i,bbox in enumerate(bboxes):
        color = colors[i%len(colors)]
        rect = d2l.bbox_to_rect(bbox.asnumpy(),color)
        axes.add_patch(rect)
        if labels and len(labels)>i:    #个数判定
            text_color = 'k' if color == 'w' else 'w'   # 因为是颜色,w是白色
            #增加外框,如文字说名.
            axes.text(rect.xy[0],rect.xy[1],labels[i],va='center',ha='center',
                      fontsize=9,color=text_color,bbox=dict(facecolor=color,lw=0))

#In[5]
d2l.set_figsize()
bbox_scale = nd.array((w,h,w,h))

#In[6]
# 第一个元素是类别,0为狗,1为猫,剩下4个是锚框坐标
ground_truth = nd.array([[0,0.1,0.08,0.52,0.92],[1,0.55,0.2,0.9,0.88]])
# 其余5个锚框坐标
anchors = nd.array([[0,0.1,0.2,0.3],[0.15,0.2,0.4,0.4],[0.63,0.05,0.88,0.98],[0.66,0.45,0.8,0.8],
                    [0.57,0.3,0.92,0.9]])

#In[7]
#MultiBoxTarget函数为锚框标注类别和偏移量.
#expand_dims扩展数组形状,原来是5x4,现在是1x5x4
#nd.zeros((1,3,5)) 生成1x3x5的0矩阵
#第一个元素,输入的锚框,形状为(1,锚框总数,4)
#第二个元素,训练集的真实标签,形状为(批量大小,每张图片最多真实锚框数,5,类别标签+坐标值(归一化))
#第三个元素,输入的锚框,预测类别分数,形状为(批量大小,预测类别+1,锚框总数)
labels = contrib.nd.MultiBoxTarget(anchors.expand_dims(axis=0),ground_truth.expand_dims(axis=0),
                                   nd.zeros((1,3,5)))
#返回结果第三项,锚框标注类别,背景设为0,开始索引自加1
labels[2]   #[[0. 1. 2. 0. 2.]]
# 锚框0,交并比小于某一阈值,归为背景,其他类似.
#返回结果第二项掩码(mask),形状为(批量大小,锚框数的4倍),与每个锚框4个偏移量对应。
labels[1]   #[[0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 1. 1. 1.]]
#返回结果第一项是每个锚框标注的4个偏移量,负类锚框偏移量为0
labels[0]
#[[ 0.00e+00  0.00e+00  0.00e+00  0.00e+00  1.40e+00  1.00e+01  2.59e+00
#  7.18e+00 -1.20e+00  2.69e-01  1.68e+00 -1.57e+00  0.00e+00  0.00e+00
#  0.00e+00  0.00e+00 -5.71e-01 -1.00e+00 -8.94e-07  6.26e-01]]

#In[8]
#输出预测边界框,非极大值抑制.
anchors = nd.array([[0.1,0.08,0.52,0.92],[0.08,0.2,0.56,0.95],[0.15,0.3,0.62,0.91],
                    [0.55,0.2,0.9,0.88]])   #16
offset_preds = nd.array([0]*anchors.size)   #假设预测偏移量为0
cls_probs = nd.array([[0]*4,                #背景的预测概率
                      [0.9,0.8,0.7,0.1],    #狗的预测概率
                      [0.1,0.2,0.3,0.9]     #猫的预测概率
                      ])



#In[9]
#MultiBoxDetection函数来执行非极大值抑制并设阈值为0.5
#返回结果形状(批量大小,锚框个数,6)
#第一行6个元素代表同意预测边界框的输出信息。
#第一个是分类的类别,第二个置信度,剩下坐标,-1表示被移除
#第一个参数预测的各个锚框的概率,一般要经过softmax运算,形状为(批量大小,预测总类别数+1,锚框总数)
#第二个参数是预测的各个偏移量,形状为(批量大小,锚框总数*4)
#第三个参数是生成的默认锚框,形状为(1,锚框总数,4)
#nms_threshold 非极大值抑制的阈值
output = contrib.ndarray.MultiBoxDetection(cls_probs.expand_dims(axis=0),
                                           offset_preds.expand_dims(axis=0),
                                           anchors.expand_dims(axis=0),
                                           nms_threshold=0.5)
output

fig = d2l.plt.imshow(img) 
for i in output[0].asnumpy():
    if i[0]==-1:
        continue
    label = ('dog=,','cat=')[int(i[0])]+str(i[1])
    show_bboxes(fig.axes,[nd.array(i[2:])*bbox_scale],label,'g')
d2l.plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述




小结

标签:color,锚框,labels,nd,笔记,bbox,深度,视觉,d2l
来源: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40318498/article/details/100827716