前言

前面我已经简单解释了Prometheus与Consul结合使用，今天分享一下blackbox_exporter.

---

# 一、Blackbox_exporter是什么？ blackbox_exporter允许通过HTTP，HTTPS，DNS，TCP和ICMP对监控目标发起黑盒测试。 这个与白盒的区别一个由内而发起，黑盒是由外而发起的探测

二、Blackbox使用步骤

1.从官网下载

blackbox_exporter下载地址
源码地址：https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter

下载之后，我们这边的启动脚本为

#!/bin/bash
nohup /data/blackbox_exporter-0.19.0/blackbox_exporter &

重启的脚本为:

#!/bin/bash
curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:9115/-/reload

以下为官网的yaml参考配置：

modules:
  http_2xx_example:
    prober: http
    timeout: 5s
    http:
      valid_http_versions: ["HTTP/1.1", "HTTP/2.0"]
      valid_status_codes: []  # Defaults to 2xx
      method: GET
      headers:
        Host: vhost.example.com
        Accept-Language: en-US
        Origin: example.com
      no_follow_redirects: false
      fail_if_ssl: false
      fail_if_not_ssl: false
      fail_if_body_matches_regexp:
        - "Could not connect to database"
      fail_if_body_not_matches_regexp:
        - "Download the latest version here"
      fail_if_header_matches: # Verifies that no cookies are set
        - header: Set-Cookie
          allow_missing: true
          regexp: '.*'
      fail_if_header_not_matches:
        - header: Access-Control-Allow-Origin
          regexp: '(\*|example\.com)'
      tls_config:
        insecure_skip_verify: false
      preferred_ip_protocol: "ip4" # defaults to "ip6"
      ip_protocol_fallback: false  # no fallback to "ip6"
  http_post_2xx:
    prober: http
    timeout: 5s
    http:
      method: POST
      headers:
        Content-Type: application/json
      body: '{}'
  http_basic_auth_example:
    prober: http
    timeout: 5s
    http:
      method: POST
      headers:
        Host: "login.example.com"
      basic_auth:
        username: "username"
        password: "mysecret"
  http_custom_ca_example:
    prober: http
    http:
      method: GET
      tls_config:
        ca_file: "/certs/my_cert.crt"
  http_gzip:
    prober: http
    http:
      method: GET
      compression: gzip
  http_gzip_with_accept_encoding:
    prober: http
    http:
      method: GET
      compression: gzip
      headers:
        Accept-Encoding: gzip
  tls_connect:
    prober: tcp
    timeout: 5s
    tcp:
      tls: true
  tcp_connect_example:
    prober: tcp
    timeout: 5s
  imap_starttls:
    prober: tcp
    timeout: 5s
    tcp:
      query_response:
        - expect: "OK.*STARTTLS"
        - send: ". STARTTLS"
        - expect: "OK"
        - starttls: true
        - send: ". capability"
        - expect: "CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1"
  smtp_starttls:
    prober: tcp
    timeout: 5s
    tcp:
      query_response:
        - expect: "^220 ([^ ]+) ESMTP (.+)$"
        - send: "EHLO prober\r"
        - expect: "^250-STARTTLS"
        - send: "STARTTLS\r"
        - expect: "^220"
        - starttls: true
        - send: "EHLO prober\r"
        - expect: "^250-AUTH"
        - send: "QUIT\r"
  irc_banner_example:
    prober: tcp
    timeout: 5s
    tcp:
      query_response:
        - send: "NICK prober"
        - send: "USER prober prober prober :prober"
        - expect: "PING :([^ ]+)"
          send: "PONG ${1}"
        - expect: "^:[^ ]+ 001"
  icmp_example:
    prober: icmp
    timeout: 5s
    icmp:
      preferred_ip_protocol: "ip4"
      source_ip_address: "127.0.0.1"
  dns_udp_example:
    prober: dns
    timeout: 5s
    dns:
      query_name: "www.prometheus.io"
      query_type: "A"
      valid_rcodes:
      - NOERROR
      validate_answer_rrs:
        fail_if_matches_regexp:
        - ".*127.0.0.1"
        fail_if_all_match_regexp:
        - ".*127.0.0.1"
        fail_if_not_matches_regexp:
        - "www.prometheus.io.\t300\tIN\tA\t127.0.0.1"
        fail_if_none_matches_regexp:
        - "127.0.0.1"
      validate_authority_rrs:
        fail_if_matches_regexp:
        - ".*127.0.0.1"
      validate_additional_rrs:
        fail_if_matches_regexp:
        - ".*127.0.0.1"
  dns_soa:
    prober: dns
    dns:
      query_name: "prometheus.io"
      query_type: "SOA"
  dns_tcp_example:
    prober: dns
    dns:
      transport_protocol: "tcp" # defaults to "udp"
      preferred_ip_protocol: "ip4" # defaults to "ip6"
      query_name: "www.prometheus.io"

如果有其他需求，可以参考上面提供的实例对应的改写

2.应用

从上面的配置yaml可以写了很多东西
暂时我们只使用了我们需要的内容 blackbox.yml

modules:
  http_2xx:
    prober: http
    timeout: 10s
    http:
      valid_http_versions: ["HTTP/1.1", "HTTP/2.0"]
      valid_status_codes: []  # Defaults to 2xx
      method: GET
      # 响应符合正则表达式就失败
      #fail_if_body_matches_regexp:
      # - "OK|SUCCESS"
      # 响应不符合正则表达式就失败
      fail_if_body_not_matches_regexp:
        - "OK|SUCCESS"
  icmp: # ping方式检测 
    prober: icmp
    timeout: 5s
    icmp:
      preferred_ip_protocol: "ip4"

我们这边主要做两个方面：
1. 进行ping检测
2. 检测写的程序是否正常。因为内部有些项目已经规范返回"OK"或者"SUCCESS"两种，所以这种规范性的还是很好写的

blackbox_exporter部署成功之后就可以访问：http://127.0.0.1:9115 去验证
访问路径为
http://127.0.0.1:9115/probe?target=prometheus.io&module=http_2xx&debug=true

target: 监控的目标
module:使用的模块
debug 是否输出日志

关注以下指标
···
#HELP probe_icmp_duration_seconds Duration of icmp request by phase
#TYPE probe_icmp_duration_seconds gauge 延迟通断 注意phase=“rtt” ）

probe_icmp_duration_seconds{phase=“resolve”} 0.19693231
probe_icmp_duration_seconds{phase=“rtt”} 0.159475017
probe_icmp_duration_seconds{phase=“setup”} 7.5679e-05

#HELP probe_success Displays whether or not the probe was a success
#TYPE probe_success gauge 是否返回正常（0 不正常 1 为正常）
probe_success 1
···
注意配合前面我介绍的Prometheus与 Consul 结合使用，这样就可以做到监控自助上下线，从而提高效率

风险事项

1. 配置blackbox_exporter,最好安装node_exporter工具
2. 如果是Linux注意linux中的ulimit 连接数的大小，不宜过小

---

总结

以上就是我分享的内容，后续我会继续分享 fping_exporter，还有 Promethues 中 PromeQl查询语言在告警中应用，与Grafana中展示

标签：exporter,http,tcp,fail,timeout,Go,blackbox,prober
来源： https://blog.csdn.net/str0708/article/details/116944893