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Logistics_Day02：Docker 入门使用

每个知识点学习目标：了解（know）、理解（understand）、掌握（grasp）、复习（review）

01-[复习]-上次课程内容回顾

主要讲解物流大数据项目项目介绍和项目解决方案。

1、项目介绍
	行业背景、项目背景：数据量大（海量数据、大规模数据）和业务复杂
	本项目基于一家大型物流公司研发的智慧物流大数据平台
		物流实时大屏系统：ClickHouse数据库 + 服务接口SpringCloud + NodeJS/Vue

2、项目解决方案
	物流快读：业务流程，6个部分组成，中间4个部分
		快递单：tbl_express_bill，运单：tbl_waybill，客户表、快递员表、仓库表、车辆运输表
	逻辑架构
		业务数据：数据库RDBMs（Oracle、MySQL）
		采集数据：OGG、Canal
		数据缓冲：Kafka
		实时ETL：StructuredStreaming
		数据存储：Kudu（离线报表和即席查询Impala）、Es（物流信息检索）、ClickHouse（实时大屏和服务接口）
		资源统一调度：YARN、Azkaban
	数据流转图
    	业务数据存储			大数据存储与分析
    技术选项，为什么选择这些框架？？
    	Kafka，大数据流式处理
    	计算Spark,目前来说，能够使用Spark搞定，就不用Flink
	非功能描述
		服务器选项：云主机还是物理机
		集群规模：按照数据量计算和规划
	服务器资源规划
		本次学习项目时，服务器说明

02-[了解]-第2天：课程内容提纲

主要讲解Docker容器基本使用

1、Docker 容器是什么
	虚拟化是什么
	容器是什么
	虚拟机与容器比较


2、Docker 框架安装部署
	Docker容器引擎框架架构
		C/S
	安装，在线联网yum安装
	启动服务及加速配置
	
3、Docker容器命令使用
	镜像image
	容器container

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03–[了解]-大数据项目为什么使用Docker

​ 随着大数据平台型产品方向的深入应用实践和Docker开源社区的逐渐成熟，业界有不少的大数据研发团队开始使用Docker。

Docker会让大数据平台部署更加简单快捷、让研发和测试团队集成交付更加敏捷高效、让产线环境的运维更加有质量保障。

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虚拟机可以实现一些开发、测试与运维之间的问题，但是存在很多缺陷：

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官网：https://www.docker.com/

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04–[理解]-什么是虚拟化

​ 虚拟化（Virtualization），在Windows系统上安装VMWare虚拟化软件，可以将物理机器资源虚拟化到机器上（VM），在虚拟机上安装操作系统，运行应用程序。

在计算机中，虚拟化（英语：Virtualization）是一种资源管理技术，是将计算机的各种实体资源，予以抽象、转换后呈现出来，打破实体结构间的不可切割的障碍，使用户可以比原来的组态更好的方式来应用这些资源。

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​ 虚拟化简单讲，就是把一台物理计算机虚拟成多台逻辑计算机，每个逻辑计算机里面可以运行不同的操作系统，相互不受影响，这样就可以充分利用硬件资源。

  • 1）、类型一、直接在硬件资源上安装虚拟化软件，创建虚拟机，安装操作系统，运行应用
  • 2）、类型二、硬件之上安装操作系统，再安装虚拟化软件，创建虚拟机，安装操作系统，运行应用

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05–[掌握]-初识Docker 容器

​ Docker是一个开源的应用容器引擎（框架），创建容器，部署运行应用，比如创建容器Contanier，运行MySQL数据库。

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Docker将应用及依赖打包到容器Contanier（轻量级，可移植），发布Deploy到任何流向linux服务器运行

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06–[理解]-容器与虚拟机比较

Docker是一种容器技术，解决软件跨环境迁移的问题=

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​ VMs也消耗大量系统资源，每个VM不仅运行一个OS的完整copy并且需要所有硬件的虚拟化copy，这消耗大量RAM和CPU。

  • 2）、容器是将操作系统虚拟化
    • 容器是在操作系统之上，每个容器共享OS内核，执行文件和库等
    • 容器是非常轻量的，仅仅MB水平并且几秒即可启动
    • VM相比，容器仅需OS、支撑程序和库文件便可运行应用

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虚拟机VM和容器Contanier比较

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07–[掌握]-Docker 服务端和客户端

​ Docker是一个客户端-服务端（C/S）架构程序，Docker客户端只需要向Docker服务端或者守护进程发出请求，服务端或者守护进程完成所有工作返回结果。

  • 1）、Docker 服务端（Server），运行以后就是一个守护进程（后台运行），类比MySQL数据库服务
    • ​ 启动Docker 服务
  • 2）、Docker 客户端（Client），向服务端发送请求指令，Server端接收以后，执行操作，完成以后返回结果给客户端，类比mysql
    • 使用docker命令，操作容器

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​ 在同一台宿主机器上运行Docker守护进程或者客户端，Docker 容器引擎提供命令行：docker，就是客户端Client，可以向Docker 服务端发送请求

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docker引擎是一个c/s结构的应用，主要组件见下图：

  • 1）、镜像image：模板，相当Java中定义类
  • 2）、容器Contanier：实例，相当Java中基于类创建对象

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1、Server是一个常驻进程
2、REST API 实现了client和server间的交互协议
3、CLI 实现容器和镜像的管理，为用户提供统一的操作界面

08–[掌握]-Docker 结构（镜像和容器）

​ Docker使用C/S架构，Client 通过接口与Server进程通信实现容器的构建，运行和发布。client和server可以运行在同一台集群，也可以通过跨主机实现远程通信。

构建（build）：创建镜像、运行（run）：创建容器和启动、发布（Deploy）：应用运行和迁移。

  • 1）、镜像Image

    • 自定义镜像文件：DockerFile，build构建出镜像
    • 可以从注册中心仓库中拉取镜像，最大公开镜像仓库：hub.docker.com
    docker pull elasticsearch

  • 2）、容器Contanier

    • 从镜像中创建容器，运行应用。

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  • 1）、Docker 镜像
    • Docker 镜像（Image）就是一个只读的模板。

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镜像（Image）就是一堆只读层（read-only layer）的统一视角

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右边可以看到多个只读层，它们重叠在一起，除了最下面一层，其它层都会有一个指针指向下一层。

统一文件系统（Union File System）技术能够将不同的层整合成一个文件系统，为这些层提供了一个统一的视角，这样就隐藏了多层的存在，在用户的角度看来，只存在一个文件系统。

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镜像采用分层的架构，更多为了更好利用资源，进行重用（各层可以被重复使用）。

09–[掌握]-Docker 安装及服务启动

​ Docker容器引擎（框架），Docker Server服务端和Docker Client客户端，将其安装在一台机器上。

​ 直接解压提供压缩包【CentOS7.7.zip】，导入至VMWare虚拟软件中，启动虚拟机。

导入虚拟机以后，启动虚拟机时，选择已经导入移动该虚拟机：192.168.88.10， node1.itcast.cn，root/123456

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修改虚拟机为命令行模式（启动后为桌面模式）：

[root@node1 ~]# systemctl  get-default
graphical.target

[root@node1 ~]# systemctl  set-default multi-user.target
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/default.target to /usr/lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target.

[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl  get-default      
multi-user.target

[root@node1 ~]# shutdown -r now

​ 将Docker安装到Centos上，注意：建议安装在Centos7.x以上的版本。整个安装步骤参考教案即可，采用在线yum源方式安装，所以需要连接网络。

官网：https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/

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安装完成以后，启动Docker服务：systemctl start docker

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10–[掌握]-Docker 配置阿里云镜像加速

​ 鉴于国内网络问题，后续拉取 Docker 镜像十分缓慢，配置加速器来解决，配置阿里云加速器。

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https://yeu2889p.mirror.aliyuncs.com

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://yeu2889p.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

Docker 引擎服务启动、停止和关闭命令：

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11–[掌握]-Docker 容器快速运行ContOS 系统

使用Docker创建容器Contanier，运行CentOS 7操作系统。

[root@node1 ~]# docker pull centos:7
7: Pulling from library/centos
2d473b07cdd5: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:0f4ec88e21daf75124b8a9e5ca03c37a5e937e0e108a255d890492430789b60e
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:7
docker.io/library/centos:7

[root@node1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
centos       7         8652b9f0cb4c   3 months ago   204MB

[root@node1 ~]# docker run -di --name=mycentos centos:7
21cc295413f0730ecdc64605081bab53775f982c56163713c8d0360e6a5f015d

[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
21cc295413f0   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   11 seconds ago   Up 10 seconds             mycentos

[root@node1 ~]# docker exec -it mycentos /bin/bash
[root@21cc295413f0 /]# 
[root@21cc295413f0 /]# hostname
21cc295413f0
[root@21cc295413f0 /]# 
[root@21cc295413f0 /]# vi aa.txt
[root@21cc295413f0 /]# 
[root@21cc295413f0 /]# more a
aa.txt             anaconda-post.log  
[root@21cc295413f0 /]# more aa.txt 
Hello Docker!

12-[掌握]-Docker 帮助命令

​ 已经安装部署Docker引擎：systemctl start docker

[root@node1 ~]# ps -ef|grep docker
root       1851      1  0 08:56 ?        00:00:01 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock

Docker 容器引擎，提供客户端：docker

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[root@node1 ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           20.10.5
 API version:       1.41
 Go version:        go1.13.15
 Git commit:        55c4c88
 Built:             Tue Mar  2 20:33:55 2021
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Context:           default
 Experimental:      true

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          20.10.5
  API version:      1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.13.15
  Git commit:       363e9a8
  Built:            Tue Mar  2 20:32:17 2021
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  
  
[root@node1 ~]# docker info
Client:
 Context:    default
 Debug Mode: false
 Plugins:
  app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
  buildx: Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.5.1-docker)

Server:
 Containers: 1
  Running: 0
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 1
 Images: 1
 Server Version: 20.10.5
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: xfs
  
  [root@node1 ~]# docker --help

Usage:  docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND

A self-sufficient runtime for containers

Options:
      --config string      Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
  -c, --context string     Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides DOCKER_HOST env var and default
                           context set with "docker context use")
  -D, --debug              Enable debug mode
  -H, --host list          Daemon socket(s) to connect to
  -l, --log-level string   Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
      --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
      --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
      --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
      --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
      --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote
  -v, --version            Print version information and quit

Management Commands:
  app*        Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
  builder     Manage builds
  buildx*     Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.5.1-docker)
  config      Manage Docker configs
  container   Manage containers
  context     Manage contexts
  image       Manage images
  manifest    Manage Docker image manifests and manifest lists
  network     Manage networks
  node        Manage Swarm nodes
  plugin      Manage plugins
  secret      Manage Docker secrets
  service     Manage services
  stack       Manage Docker stacks
  swarm       Manage Swarm
  system      Manage Docker
  trust       Manage trust on Docker images
  volume      Manage volumes

Commands:
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  events      Get real time events from the server
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  history     Show the history of an image
  images      List images
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
  info        Display system-wide information
  inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
  login       Log in to a Docker registry
  logout      Log out from a Docker registry
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  ps          List containers
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  rmi         Remove one or more images
  run         Run a command in a new container
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  search      Search the Docker Hub for images
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  version     Show the Docker version information
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

To get more help with docker, check out our guides at https://docs.docker.com/go/guides/

在Docker容器引擎中，最重要命令就是：镜像命令和容器命令。

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13-[掌握]-Docker 镜像命令

首先，看一下镜像相关常用命令：搜索镜像search、拉取镜像pull、查看镜像list及删除镜像rmi

从注册中心仓库中获取镜像，对镜像进行管理操作

注册中心，仓库地址：https://hub.docker.com

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# 搜索镜像image
[root@node1 ~]# clear
[root@node1 ~]# docker search elasticsearch
NAME                                 DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
elasticsearch                        Elasticsearch is a powerful open source sear…   4894      [OK]       
nshou/elasticsearch-kibana           Elasticsearch-7.10.1 Kibana-7.10.1              125                  [OK]
itzg/elasticsearch                   Provides an easily configurable Elasticsearc…   71                   [OK]
elastichq/elasticsearch-hq           Official Docker image for ElasticHQ: Elastic…   70                   [OK]

搜索镜像时，更多在WEB 界面搜索

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当搜索到镜像以后，可以仓库中将镜像拉取pull到本地镜像

​ 每个镜像image，都有版本tag，所以在拉取镜像时，需要选择合适的版本tag，当拉取镜像时，不指定tag版本，默认情况下将会拉取最新tag版本镜像。

[root@node1 ~]# docker pull elasticsearch:7.11.1
7.11.1: Pulling from library/elasticsearch
7a0437f04f83: Downloading [===>                                               ]  5.934MB/75.18MB
744c7f8ba15d: Downloading [======================>                            ]  10.09MB/22.29MB
a2e5f03a9eab: Download complete 
edcdb0cfb01b: Downloading [>                                                  ]  539.6kB/324.5MB

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当镜像拉取到本地以后，需要查看镜像和删除镜像

  • 1）、查看镜像

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  • 2）、删除镜像

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[root@node1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
centos       7         8652b9f0cb4c   3 months ago   204MB
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# docker rmi 8652b9f0cb4c
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# docker rmi centos:7
[root@node1 ~]#

14-[掌握]-Docker 容器命令之查看与创建

​ 实际开发中，创建容器运行应用之前，首先获取对应镜像，往往都是从注册中心仓库中拉取，当将镜像拉取到本地以后，就可以创建容器。

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[root@node1 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND       CREATED        STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
21cc295413f0   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   17 hours ago   Exited (137) 17 hours ago             mycentos
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND       CREATED        STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
21cc295413f0   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   17 hours ago   Exited (137) 17 hours ago             mycentos
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# docker ps -f status=exited
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND       CREATED        STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
21cc295413f0   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   17 hours ago   Exited (137) 17 hours ago             mycentos

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  • 方式一：启动交互式容器，docker run -it --name=centos 镜像名称:标签 /bin/bash

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[root@node1 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND       CREATED        STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
21cc295413f0   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   17 hours ago   Exited (137) 17 hours ago             mycentos
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# docker run -it centos:7 /bin/bash
[root@46188ebaf87f /]# hostname
46188ebaf87f
[root@46188ebaf87f /]# 
[root@46188ebaf87f /]# exit
exit
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
46188ebaf87f   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   32 seconds ago   Exited (0) 6 seconds ago              competent_fermi
21cc295413f0   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   17 hours ago     Exited (137) 17 hours ago             mycentos

当创建交互式容器时，创建完成以后，直接运行容器，并且进入容器中，如果退出容器，自动将容器关闭。

  • 2）、方式二：守护式方式创建容器，docker run -di --name=容器名称 镜像名称:标签
    • 采用守护式方法创建容器以后，需要登录容器（相当于登录操作系统）
    • 命令：docker exec -it 容器名称(或者容器id) /bin/bash
[root@node1 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# docker run -di --name=mycentos2 centos:7
1741ea301b3f7c60992cd7b29a29747f15c46c6be6a916bbad213e16018a3303
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
1741ea301b3f   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   6 seconds ago   Up 6 seconds             mycentos2
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# docker exec -it mycentos2 /bin/bash
[root@1741ea301b3f /]# 
[root@1741ea301b3f /]# hostname
1741ea301b3f
[root@1741ea301b3f /]#

实际项目中，创建容器时采用守护方式创建，使用exec进入容器进行操作。

15-[掌握]-Docker 容器命令之启动与停止

​ 当容器创建完成以后，有时需要停止容器运行、启动容器运行，相关命令如下：

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可以重启容器（先停止，再启动）

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[root@node1 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
1741ea301b3f   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   4 minutes ago   Up 4 minutes                          mycentos2
e56430030fff   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   5 minutes ago   Exited (0) 5 minutes ago              centos7
46188ebaf87f   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   8 minutes ago   Exited (0) 7 minutes ago              competent_fermi
21cc295413f0   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   17 hours ago    Exited (137) 17 hours ago             mycentos
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# docker start mycentos
mycentos
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
1741ea301b3f   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   4 minutes ago   Up 4 minutes             mycentos2
21cc295413f0   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   17 hours ago    Up 3 seconds             mycentos
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# docker stop mycentos2
mycentos2
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# docker kill 21cc295413f0
21cc295413f0
[root@node1 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES
1741ea301b3f   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   5 minutes ago   Exited (137) 25 seconds ago             mycentos2
e56430030fff   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   7 minutes ago   Exited (0) 6 minutes ago                centos7
46188ebaf87f   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   9 minutes ago   Exited (0) 8 minutes ago                competent_fermi
21cc295413f0   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   17 hours ago    Exited (137) 6 seconds ago              mycentos

16-[掌握]-Docker 容器命令之IP 地址

当使用Docker 容器引擎，创建容器以后，每个容器运行时，都有IP地址，属于Docker容器内部IP地址。

[root@node1 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
4148cf3b3dea   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   3 minutes ago   Up 3 minutes             centos7
827ff98c2a29   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   4 minutes ago   Up 4 minutes             centos
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# ifconfig
docker0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255
        inet6 fe80::42:d4ff:fef5:9869  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 02:42:d4:f5:98:69  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 13  bytes 1768 (1.7 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.88.10  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.88.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea0:85  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:a0:00:85  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 485440  bytes 672923357 (641.7 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 129820  bytes 8330903 (7.9 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 48  bytes 4080 (3.9 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 48  bytes 4080 (3.9 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

veth94d4a57: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet6 fe80::3408:a4ff:fe46:7687  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 36:08:a4:46:76:87  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 8  bytes 656 (656.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

vetha19c80a: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet6 fe80::cc15:1fff:fe6d:991d  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether ce:15:1f:6d:99:1d  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 8  bytes 656 (656.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
        ether 52:54:00:f6:83:da  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

如何查看容器中IP地址呢？

[root@node1 ~]# docker inspect centos
[
    {
        "Id": "827ff98c2a294a03191f4002bbf582d4e3ce84b0f3211c22c56ed3c561eb6dc1",
        "Created": "2021-03-13T03:02:42.354813578Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 53376,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-03-13T03:02:47.515567445Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:8652b9f0cb4c0599575e5a003f5906876e10c1ceb2ab9fe1786712dac14a50cf",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/827ff98c2a294a03191f4002bbf582d4e3ce84b0f3211c22c56ed3c561eb6dc1/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/827ff98c2a294a03191f4002bbf582d4e3ce84b0f3211c22c56ed3c561eb6dc1/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/827ff98c2a294a03191f4002bbf582d4e3ce84b0f3211c22c56ed3c561eb6dc1/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/827ff98c2a294a03191f4002bbf582d4e3ce84b0f3211c22c56ed3c561eb6dc1/827ff98c2a294a03191f4002bbf582d4e3ce84b0f3211c22c56ed3c561eb6dc1-json.log",
        "Name": "/centos",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/daba5b9305c5e683eafbe5e087d1bebee34c98be005db15649d54ad4477b5fe7-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c907f57265207bf28d834e05f41753b198a5b3df2b84ddd064e053d741e3ad5f/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/daba5b9305c5e683eafbe5e087d1bebee34c98be005db15649d54ad4477b5fe7/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/daba5b9305c5e683eafbe5e087d1bebee34c98be005db15649d54ad4477b5fe7/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/daba5b9305c5e683eafbe5e087d1bebee34c98be005db15649d54ad4477b5fe7/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "827ff98c2a29",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos:7",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201113",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS",
                "org.opencontainers.image.created": "2020-11-13 00:00:00+00:00",
                "org.opencontainers.image.licenses": "GPL-2.0-only",
                "org.opencontainers.image.title": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.opencontainers.image.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "958164ab6fd78db5b500d75ec0c798318a7d1a89cc4e1de3e168e3a062e7f8d9",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/958164ab6fd7",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "1da3cb4de7247d1002b27ced094ea5d7a6a2a2c23d8157b77461cbee886e8f1c",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "051cdc01a196f22b35b248f863b7212fa2256adb4f1decf877a09bd05bdd4d59",
                    "EndpointID": "1da3cb4de7247d1002b27ced094ea5d7a6a2a2c23d8157b77461cbee886e8f1c",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

删除容器：当容器不再被使用时，可以直接删除容器Contanier

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当创建容器以后，并且运行时，包含IP地址，提供相关网络适配器将宿主机IP地址转换为容器IP地址。此外，如果容器中运行服务，需要暴露端口号，需要设置容器端口号与宿主机端口号映射。

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17-[理解]-Docker 应用部署之MySQL

接下来，采用Docker容器部署数据库和服务：MySQL数据库。

步骤：①搜索镜像、②拉取镜像、③查看镜像、④启动容器、⑤停止容器、⑥移除容器

[root@node1 ~]# docker search mysql

[root@node1 ~]# docker pull centos/mysql-57-centos7
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from centos/mysql-57-centos7
d8d02d457314: Pull complete 
a11069b6e245: Pull complete 
596303fb1aa3: Pull complete 
a29499e779a7: Pull complete 
17d1a52c2e00: Pull complete 
ed24591227fe: Pull complete 
de0ad46e3ed9: Pull complete 
c62e4a984a9c: Pull complete 
01d54c6bda68: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:e08ee4d43b7356607685b69bde6335e27cf20c020f345b6c6c59400183882764
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos/mysql-57-centos7:latest
docker.io/centos/mysql-57-centos7:latest

[root@node1 ~]# docker images
centos/mysql-57-centos7   latest    f83a2938370c   17 months ago   452MB

命令：docker run -dt --name=mysql -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 centos/mysql-57-centos7

其中在创建容器时，需要指定端口号映射

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指定端口号映射方式：

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[root@node1 ~]# docker run -di --name=mysql -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 centos/mysql-57-centos7
b3da50687358586f0b0a430ba138b0a080b39dbf244de4f92152919f51a3dae9


[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                    NAMES
b3da50687358   centos/mysql-57-centos7   "container-entrypoin…"   40 seconds ago   Up 6 seconds    0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp   mysql

[root@node1 ~]# docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash
bash-4.2$ ps 
   PID TTY          TIME CMD
   202 pts/0    00:00:02 bash
   211 pts/0    00:00:00 ps
bash-4.2$ 
bash-4.2$ ps -ef|grep mysql
mysql         1      0  2 03:22 ?        00:00:02 /opt/rh/rh-mysql57/root/usr/libexec/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
mysql       202      0 12 03:23 pts/0    00:00:02 /bin/bash
mysql       212    202  0 03:23 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
mysql       213    202  0 03:23 pts/0    00:00:00 grep mysql

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-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 centos/mysql-57-centos7
b3da50687358586f0b0a430ba138b0a080b39dbf244de4f92152919f51a3dae9

[root@node1 ~]#
[root@node1 ~]#
[root@node1 ~]#
[root@node1 ~]#
[root@node1 ~]#
[root@node1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b3da50687358 centos/mysql-57-centos7 “container-entrypoin…” 40 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp mysql

[root@node1 ~]# docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash
bash-4.2$ ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
202 pts/0 00:00:02 bash
211 pts/0 00:00:00 ps
bash-4.2$
bash-4.2$ ps -ef|grep mysql
mysql 1 0 2 03:22 ? 00:00:02 /opt/rh/rh-mysql57/root/usr/libexec/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
mysql 202 0 12 03:23 pts/0 00:00:02 /bin/bash
mysql 212 202 0 03:23 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
mysql 213 202 0 03:23 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysql


[外链图片转存中...(img-ihuJbg5a-1621332867800)]

标签：Logistics,容器,img,Day02,Note,node1,docker,root,Docker
来源： https://blog.csdn.net/xianyu120/article/details/116997977