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【学习笔记】2-小例子-动态规划和k-means

作者:互联网

1. 背景

    跟踪学习某平台人工智能培训课程第二节课的内容,记一下笔记。本节内容主要包括两个小点:动态规划kmeans两个小知识点,感觉更多的是讲了历史,并没有深入和细节探讨展开讲。

2. 案例

    本讲的两个小案例分别是:1.木材售卖最大利益问题。木材不同长度对应了不同的价格,给定一个某长度的木材,如何切割,才能使得获利最大?2. k-means分析中国各城市能源站的地理位置。根据中国各个城市的地理经纬度位置,假设要建立 K 个能源站,使各个能源站距离各个城市位置最近,那么可能会在哪里呢?

2.1 dynamic programing

"""
业务背景:木材获利最大。给定一根长都为n的木材,最大能获利多少
长度:  1米  2米  3米  4米  5米  6米 。。。
价格:  1    5   8    9    10   17 。。。

解决思路:穷举。
        将 n 对应的获利价格 记录下来 p1
        将n分解为 n-1  1  能获利的值,添加到列表 p1, p2, ...
        将n分解为 n-2  2  能获利的值,添加到列表 p1, p2, p3, ...
        最后输出列表,最大值即可。
"""
# 假设各个长度对应的价格如下
prices = [1, 5, 8, 9, 10, 17, 17, 20, 24, 30, 33]

# 构造长度与价格的对应关系字典
complete_price = defaultdict(int)
for index, price in enumerate(prices):
    complete_price[index + 1] = price
@lru_cache(maxsize=1024)  # 提高效率,减少运行时间
def r(n):
    candidates = [(complete_price[n], (n, 0))]  # 0记录能获利的值,1记录切割方式

    for i in range(1, n):
        left = i
        right = n - i

        # total_r = complete_price[left] + complete_price[right]
        total_r = r(left) + r(right)
        candidates.append((total_r, (left, right)))

    optimal, split = max(candidates)
    solution[n] = split

    return optimal
def parse_solution(n, cut_solution):
    left, right = cut_solution[n]  # 左 右 的切分方式
    if left == 0 or right == 0:
        return [left + right, ]
    else:
        return parse_solution(left, cut_solution) + parse_solution(right, cut_solution)

完成代码如下:

# coding=utf-8
from collections import defaultdict
from functools import lru_cache

prices = [1, 5, 8, 9, 10, 17, 17, 20, 24, 30, 33]

# 构造长度与价格的对应关系字典
complete_price = defaultdict(int)
for index, price in enumerate(prices):
    complete_price[index + 1] = price

solution = {}  # 记录如何切分?

@lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
def r(n):
    candidates = [(complete_price[n], (n, 0))]  # 0记录能获利的值,1记录切割方式

    for i in range(1, n):
        left = i
        right = n - i

        # total_r = complete_price[left] + complete_price[right]
        total_r = r(left) + r(right)
        candidates.append((total_r, (left, right)))

    optimal, split = max(candidates)
    solution[n] = split

    return optimal

def parse_solution(n, cut_solution):
    left, right = cut_solution[n]  # 左 右 的切分方式
    if left == 0 or right == 0:
        return [left + right, ]
    else:
        return parse_solution(left, cut_solution) + parse_solution(right, cut_solution)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print(r(18), parse_solution(18, solution))

2.2 k-means

"""
业务背景:
    给定各个城市的经纬度数据,利用k-means算法,计算k个能源中心的坐标
    1. 数据处理
    2. 迭代一次
    3. while True迭代
"""
# 原始数据
coordination_source = """
{name:'兰州', geoCoord:[103.73, 36.03]},
{name:'嘉峪关', geoCoord:[98.17, 39.47]},
{name:'西宁', geoCoord:[101.74, 36.56]},
{name:'成都', geoCoord:[104.06, 30.67]},
{name:'石家庄', geoCoord:[114.48, 38.03]},
{name:'拉萨', geoCoord:[102.73, 25.04]},
{name:'贵阳', geoCoord:[106.71, 26.57]},
{name:'武汉', geoCoord:[114.31, 30.52]},
{name:'郑州', geoCoord:[113.65, 34.76]},
{name:'济南', geoCoord:[117, 36.65]},
{name:'南京', geoCoord:[118.78, 32.04]},
{name:'合肥', geoCoord:[117.27, 31.86]},
{name:'杭州', geoCoord:[120.19, 30.26]},
{name:'南昌', geoCoord:[115.89, 28.68]},
{name:'福州', geoCoord:[119.3, 26.08]},
{name:'广州', geoCoord:[113.23, 23.16]},
{name:'长沙', geoCoord:[113, 28.21]},
//{name:'海口', geoCoord:[110.35, 20.02]},
{name:'沈阳', geoCoord:[123.38, 41.8]},
{name:'长春', geoCoord:[125.35, 43.88]},
{name:'哈尔滨', geoCoord:[126.63, 45.75]},
{name:'太原', geoCoord:[112.53, 37.87]},
{name:'西安', geoCoord:[108.95, 34.27]},
//{name:'台湾', geoCoord:[121.30, 25.03]},
{name:'北京', geoCoord:[116.46, 39.92]},
{name:'上海', geoCoord:[121.48, 31.22]},
{name:'重庆', geoCoord:[106.54, 29.59]},
{name:'天津', geoCoord:[117.2, 39.13]},
{name:'呼和浩特', geoCoord:[111.65, 40.82]},
{name:'南宁', geoCoord:[108.33, 22.84]},
//{name:'西藏', geoCoord:[91.11, 29.97]},
{name:'银川', geoCoord:[106.27, 38.47]},
{name:'乌鲁木齐', geoCoord:[87.68, 43.77]},
{name:'香港', geoCoord:[114.17, 22.28]},
{name:'澳门', geoCoord:[113.54, 22.19]}
"""
# 对数据进行预处理
def data_process(source_data):

    line_list = source_data.split('\n')
    city_location = {}
    for line in line_list:
        if line.strip():

            pattern = r"name:'(.*?)', geoCoord:\[(.*?)]"
            city, info = re.findall(pattern, line)[0]

            lon, lat = [i.strip() for i in info.split(',')]
            city_location[city] = (float(lon), float(lat))

    return city_location
定义共组组件
# 1.随机生成聚类中心点
def get_random_center(all_x, all_y):

    center_x = random.uniform(min(all_x), max(all_x)),
    center_y = random.uniform(min(all_y), max(all_y))

    return center_x, center_y
# 2. 计算球面上两个点的距离
def get_geo_distance(origin, destination):
    lon1, lat1 = origin
    lon2, lat2 = destination
    radius = 6371

    distance_lat = math.radians(lat2 - lat1)
    distance_lon = math.radians(lon2 - lon1)

    a = (
            math.sin(distance_lat / 2) * math.sin(distance_lat / 2) +
            math.cos(math.radians(lat1)) * math.cos(math.radians(lat2)) *
            math.sin(distance_lon / 2) * math.sin(distance_lon / 2)
         )
    c = 2 * math.atan2(math.sqrt(a), math.sqrt(1 - a))
    d = radius * c

    return d
聚类分析

# 一次迭代的过程
def iterate_once(centers, closest_point, threshold):
    flag_changed = False

    for c in closest_point:
        former_center = centers[c]  # 当前聚类中心点
        neighbors = closest_point[c]  # 各个聚类中心下的数据点

        # 新的聚类中心点
        neighbors_center = np.mean(neighbors, axis=0)

        # 判断是否要更新聚类中心
        if get_geo_distance(former_center, neighbors_center) > threshold:
            centers[c] = neighbors_center
            flag_changed = True   # 大于阈值,更新

    return centers, flag_changed

# 程序聚类的主函数
def kmeans_(X, k, threshold=5):
    all_x = X[:, 0]
    all_y = X[:, 1]

    # 聚类中心个数
    K = k

    # 1. 初始化k个聚类中心
    centers = {(i+1): get_random_center(all_x, all_y) for i in range(K)}

    flag_changed = True
    while flag_changed:
        closest_point = defaultdict(list)
        for x, y in zip(all_x, all_y):
            # 计算每个点(x, y)到各个聚类中心的距离
            distance_centers = [(i, get_geo_distance((x, y), centers[i])) for i in centers]
            closest_center, closest_distance = min(distance_centers, key=lambda x: x[1])

            # 将各个点,添加到对应聚类中心的列表
            closest_point[closest_center].append([x, y])

        # 迭代一次,判断是否需要更新
        centers, flag_changed = iterate_once(centers, closest_point, threshold)
        print('iterating ...')

结果展示:
image
完整代码如下:

# coding=utf-8
import re
import numpy as np
import random
from collections import defaultdict
import math
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import networkx as nx
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']  #显示中文
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False #用来正常显示负号

def data_process(source_data):

    line_list = source_data.split('\n')
    city_location = {}
    for line in line_list:
        if line.strip():

            pattern = r"name:'(.*?)', geoCoord:\[(.*?)]"
            city, info = re.findall(pattern, line)[0]

            lon, lat = [i.strip() for i in info.split(',')]
            city_location[city] = (float(lon), float(lat))

    return city_location

def get_random_center(all_x, all_y):

    center_x = random.uniform(min(all_x), max(all_x)),
    center_y = random.uniform(min(all_y), max(all_y))

    return center_x, center_y

def get_geo_distance(origin, destination):
    # 计算球面上两个点的距离
    lon1, lat1 = origin
    lon2, lat2 = destination
    radius = 6371

    distance_lat = math.radians(lat2 - lat1)
    distance_lon = math.radians(lon2 - lon1)

    a = (
            math.sin(distance_lat / 2) * math.sin(distance_lat / 2) +
            math.cos(math.radians(lat1)) * math.cos(math.radians(lat2)) *
            math.sin(distance_lon / 2) * math.sin(distance_lon / 2)
         )
    c = 2 * math.atan2(math.sqrt(a), math.sqrt(1 - a))
    d = radius * c

    return d

def iterate_once(centers, closest_point, threshold):
    flag_changed = False

    for c in closest_point:
        former_center = centers[c]  # 当前聚类中心点
        neighbors = closest_point[c]  # 各个聚类中心下的数据点

        # 新的聚类中心点
        neighbors_center = np.mean(neighbors, axis=0)

        # 判断是否要更新聚类中心
        if get_geo_distance(former_center, neighbors_center) > threshold:
            centers[c] = neighbors_center
            flag_changed = True   # 大于阈值,更新

    return centers, flag_changed


def kmeans_(X, k, threshold=5):
    all_x = X[:, 0]
    all_y = X[:, 1]

    # 聚类中心个数
    K = k

    # 1. 初始化k个聚类中心
    centers = {(i+1): get_random_center(all_x, all_y) for i in range(K)}

    flag_changed = True
    while flag_changed:
        closest_point = defaultdict(list)
        for x, y in zip(all_x, all_y):
            # 计算每个点(x, y)到各个聚类中心的距离
            distance_centers = [(i, get_geo_distance((x, y), centers[i])) for i in centers]
            closest_center, closest_distance = min(distance_centers, key=lambda x: x[1])

            # 将各个点,添加到对应聚类中心的列表
            closest_point[closest_center].append([x, y])

        # 迭代一次,判断是否需要更新
        centers, flag_changed = iterate_once(centers, closest_point, threshold)
        print('iterating ...')

    # 可视化展示
    view_ = True
    if view_:
        plt.scatter(all_x, all_y)
        plt.scatter(*zip(*centers.values()))
        # plt.show()

        for c, points in closest_point.items():
            plt.scatter(*zip(*points))
        # plt.show()

        city_location_with_station = {f'能源站-{i}': position for i, position in centers.items()}

        city_graph = nx.Graph()
        city_graph.add_nodes_from(list(city_location_with_station.keys()))
        nx.draw(city_graph, city_location_with_station, node_color='red', with_labels=True, node_size=30)

        plt.show()

def main():
    # 1. 数据预处理
    city_location = data_process(coordination_source)

    # 2. k-means处理
    data = np.array(list(city_location.values()))
    kmeans_(data, k=5, threshold=5)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

3. 总结

4. 其他

标签:distance,name,means,geoCoord,笔记,例子,centers,math,center
来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/pythoner6833/p/14719683.html