hadoop集群搭建
作者：互联网
环境：
- 配好IP，关闭iptables， 关闭selinux,配置hosts
配置hosts:
192.168.1.18 xinsz08-1
192.168.1.20 xinsz08-64
192.168.1.11 xinsz08-62
- 三台服务器上都要创建普通用户，hadoop，配置密码： 123456
[root@xinsz08-64 ~]# useradd -u 8000 hadoop ; echo 123456 | passwd --stdin hadoop更改用户 hadoop 的密码 。 passwd： 所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。
- 设置namenode能够无密钥登录另外两台服务器
[root@xinsz08-1 ~]# ssh-keygenGenerating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 14:35:ad:7d:68:de:9a:4d:e0:83:06:e4:5a:d4:c5:42 root@xinsz08-1 The key's randomart image is: +--[ RSA 2048]----+ | .+E+. | | o.o.o | | +. + . | | .+ . = . | | oS. = + | | . o + o | | . * | | o . | | | +-----------------+ [root@xinsz08-1 ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.1.11 The authenticity of host '192.168.1.11 (192.168.1.11)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 3f:70:d9:6f:c8:54:70:6f:14:0f:73:10:44:fc:51:7d. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added '192.168.1.11' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.1.11's password: [root@xinsz08-1 ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.1.20测试（是否能登录成功）[root@xinsz08-1 ~]# ssh 192.168.1.20Last login: Tue Mar 3 13:36:50 2020 from 192.168.1.4
- 安装jdk
[root@xinsz08-1 ~]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u131-linux-x64_.rpm
//查看java的安装目录 195 rpm -pql /root/jdk-8u131-linux-x64_.rpm
修改/etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/export JAVA_BIN=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/bin/export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATHexport CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib/dt.jar:${JAVA_HOME}/lib/tools.jar//j加载：
[root@xinsz08-1 ~]# source /etc/profile[root@xinsz08-1 ~]# java -versionjava version "1.8.0_131"Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_131-b11)Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.131-b11, mixed mode)[root@xinsz08-1 ~]#
- 查看java版本
[root@xinsz08-1 native]# java -versionjava version "1.8.0_131"Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_131-b11)Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.131-b11, mixed mode)[root@xinsz08-1 native]#
问题： source 在数据库里还可以用来做什么？
答： 导入
两个datanode节点也需要安装java，可以直接从主节点拷贝过去
203 scp jdk-8u131-linux-x64_.rpm root@192.168.1.11:/root 204 scp jdk-8u131-linux-x64_.rpm root@192.168.1.20:/root 205 scp /etc/profile root@192.168.1.20:/etc/profile 206 scp /etc/profile root@192.168.1.11:/etc/profile
- 在另外两个节点安装java（一台192.168.1.11.另一台192.168.1.20）
[root@xinsz08-64 ~]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u131-linux-x64_.rpm ```bash[root@xinsz08-62 ~]# source /etc/profile[root@xinsz08-62 ~]# java -versionjava version "1.8.0_131"Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_131-b11)Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.131-b11, mixed mode)
6. 创建hadoop用户（三台机器都需要创建hadoop） ```bash [root@xinsz08-64 ~]# useradd -u 8000 hadoop ; echo 123456 | passwd --stdin hadoop 更改用户 hadoop 的密码 。 passwd： 所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。
- 安装namenode
Hadoop 安装目录：/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.13 使用 root 帐号将 hadoop-3.1.3.tar.gz 上传到服务器，并且放到/home/hadoop下！
1）创建dfs和tmp
rz
[root@xinsz08-1 hadoop]# su - hadoop[hadoop@xinsz08-1 ~]$ whoamihadoop $ mkdir -p /home/hadoop/dfs/name /home/hadoop/dfs/data /home/hadoop/tmp
2） 解压
[hadoop@xinsz08-1 ~]$ tar xvf hadoop-3.1.3.tar.gz
[hadoop@xinsz08-1 ~]$ cd hadoop-3.1.3[hadoop@xinsz08-1 hadoop-3.1.3]$ ll 总用量 200 drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 9月 12 12:46 bin drwxr-xr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 9月 12 10:51 etc drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 9月 12 12:46 include drwxr-xr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 9月 12 12:46 lib drwxr-xr-x. 4 hadoop hadoop 4096 9月 12 12:46 libexec -rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 147145 9月 4 17:31 LICENSE.txt -rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 21867 9月 4 17:31 NOTICE.txt -rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 1366 9月 4 17:31 README.txt drwxr-xr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 9月 12 10:51 sbin drwxr-xr-x. 4 hadoop hadoop 4096 9月 12 13:08 share
[hadoop@xinsz08-1 hadoop]$ pwd/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.1.3/etc/hadoop[hadoop@xinsz08-1 hadoop]$ lshadoop-env.sh // java的环境变量 yarn-env.sh //制定yarn框架的Java运行环境 slaves//指定datanode数据存储服务器 core-site.xml // hadoop-web界面路径 hdfs-site.xml //文件系统的配置文件 mapred-site.xml// mapreducer 任务配置文件 yarn-site.xml // yarn框架配置，主要一些任务的启动位置 [hadoop@xinsz08-1 hadoop]$
3） 修改配置文件
[hadoop@xinsz08-1 hadoop]$ vim hadoop-env.sh 38 exprot JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_13
[hadoop@xinsz08-1 hadoop]$ vim yarn-env.sh 27 JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131
[hadoop@xinsz-01 hadoop]$ vim slaves xinsz08-64 xinsz08-62
[hadoop@xinsz08-1 hadoop]$ vim core-site.xml
备注：这个是hadoop的核心配置，这里需要配置两属性， fs.default.name 配置hadoop的HDFS系统命令，位置为主机的9000端口， hadoop.tmp.dir 配置haddop的tmp目录的根位置。
<configuration><property><name>fs.defaultFS</name><value>hdfs://xinsz08-1:9000</value></property><property><name>io.file.buffer.size</name><value>131072</value></property><property><name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name><value>file:/home/hadoop/tmp</value><description>Abase for other tmporary directries.</description></property>
[hadoop@xinsz08-1 hadoop]$ vim hdfs-site.xml
备注： HDFS主要的配置文件， dfs.http.address配置了hdfs的http的访问位置；
dfs.replication 配置文件的副本，一般不大于从机个数
<configuration><property><name>dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address</name><value>xinsz08-1:9000</value></property><property><name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name><value>file:/home/hadoop/dfs/name</value></property><property><name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name><value>file:/home/hadoop/dfs/data</value></property><property><name>dfs.replication</name><value>2</value></property><property><name>dfs.webhdfs.enabled</name><value>true</value></property></configuration>
[hadoop@xinsz08-1 hadoop]$ vim mapred-site.xml
备注： 这个是mapreduce任务配置文件，mapreduce.framework.name 属性下配置yarn,
mapred.map.tasks和mapred.reduce.tasks 分别为map和reduce 的任务数。同时指定hadoop历史服务器hsitoryserver
我们可以通过historyserver查看mapreduce的作业记录，比如用了多少个map,用了多少个reduce，作业启动时间，作业完成时间。默认清空下，hadoop历史服务器是没有启动的，我们需要通过命令来启动
[hadoop@xinsz08-1 hadoop]$ /home/hadoop/hadoop-3.1.3/sbin/mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start historyserver /home/hadoop/hadoop-3.1.3/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh: line 38: exprot: command not found WARNING: Use of this script to start the MR JobHistory daemon is deprecated. WARNING: Attempting to execute replacement "mapred --daemon start" instead. WARNING: /home/hadoop/hadoop-3.1.3/logs does not exist. Creating.[hadoop@xinsz08-1 hadoop]$
<configuration><property><name>mapreduce.framework.name</name><value>yarn</value></property><property><name>mapreduce.jobhistory.address</name><value>xinsz08-1:10020</value></property><property><name>mapreduce.jobhistory.webapp.address</name><value>xinsz08-1:19888</value></property></configuration>
[hadoop@xinsz08-1 hadoop]$ vim yarn-site.xml
备注： yarn框架的配置，主要是一些任务的启动位置
<configuration><!-- Site specific YARN configuration properties --><proetry><name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-service</name><value>mapreduce_shuffle</value></proetry><proetry><name>yarn.nodemanager.uax-service.mapreduce.shuffle.class</name><value>org.apache.hadoop.mapreduced.ShuffleHandle</value></proetry><proetry><name>yarn.resoucemanager.address</name><value>xinsz08-1:8032</value></proetry><proetry><name>yarn.resourcemanager.shceduler.address</name><value>xinsz08-1:8030</value></proetry><proetry><name>yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address</name><value>xinsz08-1:8031</value></proetry><proetry><name>yarn.resourcemanager.admin.address</name><value>xinsz08-1:8033</value></proetry><proetry><name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address</name><value>xinsz08-1:8088</value></proetry></configuration>
- datanode配置文件生成
[hadoop@xinsz-01 hadoop]$ scp -r /home/hadoop/hadoop-3.13 hadoop@xinsz08-64:~/
[hadoop@xinsz-01 hadoop]$ scp -r /home/hadoop/hadoop-3.13 hadoop@xinsz08-62:~/
5） namenode格式化数据：
一般第一次的时候需要初始化，之后就不需要了
2020-03-04 16:05:17,247 INFO namenode.FSImageFormatProtobuf: Image file /home/hadoop/dfs/name/current/fsimage.ckpt_0000000000000000000 of size 393 bytes saved in 0 seconds .2020-03-04 16:05:17,268 INFO namenode.NNStorageRetentionManager: Going to retain 1 images with txid >= 0 2020-03-04 16:05:17,277 INFO namenode.FSImage: FSImageSaver clean checkpoint: txid = 0 when meet shutdown. 2020-03-04 16:05:17,278 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG: /************************************************************ SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at xinsz08-1/192.168.1.18 ************************************************************/
6） 查看是否生成相应的内容
[hadoop@xinsz08-1 ~]$ cd /home/hadoop/dfs/[hadoop@xinsz08-1 dfs]$ lsdata name[hadoop@xinsz08-1 dfs]$ tree .├── data └── name └── current ├── fsimage_0000000000000000000 ├── fsimage_0000000000000000000.md5 ├── seen_txid └── VERSION 3 directories, 4 files
7） 配置免密要登录
[hadoop@xinsz08-1 dfs]$ ssh-keygen Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: cb:ff:ad:50:92:fb:38:cb:1d:93:ed:7e:3f:54:d7:cd hadoop@xinsz08-1 The key's randomart image is: +--[ RSA 2048]----+| || || .o|| . E|| S o . o|| . . + o . || o o + o || o.= = ..|| =+=o+.+|+-----------------+[hadoop@xinsz08-1 dfs]$
[hadoop@xinsz-01 hadoop]$ ssh-keygen
[hadoop@xinsz-01 hadoop]$ ssh-copy-id xinsz08-64
[hadoop@xinsz-01 hadoop]$ ssh-copy-id xinsz08-1 //对自己也做一次
[hadoop@xinsz-01 hadoop]$ ssh-copy-id wg61.cn
备注： 方便后期复制文件或者启动服务。 因为namenode启动时候，会链接到datanode上启动对应的服务，
- 启动hdfs
[hadoop@xinsz08-1 hadoop]$ pwd
/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.1.3/etc/hadoop
报错：2020-03-04 16:16:45,394 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform… using builtin-java classes where applicable
解答： http://dl.bintray.com/sequenceiq/sequenceiq-bin/ 下载对应版本
解压，覆盖hadoop下/lib/native/
上传之后解压：
[hadoop@xinsz08-1 native]$ tar xf hadoop-native-64.tar [hadoop@xinsz08-1 native]$ lsexamples libhadoop.so.1.0.0 libnativetask.a hadoop-native-64.tar libhadooputils.a libnativetask.so libhadoop.a libhdfs.a libnativetask.so.1.0.0 libhadooppipes.a libhdfs.so libhadoop.so libhdfs.so.0.0.0
覆盖完之后重启
[hadoop@xinsz08-1 hadoop]$ …/…/sbin/stop-dfs.sh
关闭之后在启动
[hadoop@xinsz08-1 hadoop]$ ../../sbin/start-dfs.sh Starting namenodes on [xinsz08-1]Starting datanodes Starting secondary namenodes [xinsz08-1]
- 启动yarn
也就是说我们要启动 分布式计算
[hadoop@xinsz08-1 hadoop]$ pwd
/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.1.3/etc/hadoop
[hadoop@xinsz08-1 hadoop]$ ../../sbin/start-yarn.sh
除了使用上面的脚本之外，我们还可以使用：
[hadoop@xinsz08-1 hadoop]$ ../../sbin/start-all.sh
启动jobhistory
…/…/sbin/mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start historyserver启动存储服务和资源管理主服务
[hadoop@xinsz08-1 hadoop-3.1.3]$ sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode WARNING: Use of this script to start HDFS daemons is deprecated. WARNING: Attempting to execute replacement "hdfs --daemon start" instead.[hadoop@xinsz08-1 hadoop-3.1.3]$ sbin/yarn-daemon.sh start nodemanager WARNING: Use of this script to start YARN daemons is deprecated. WARNING: Attempting to execute replacement "yarn --daemon start" instead.[hadoop@xinsz08-1 hadoop-3.1.3]$
- Web查看集群状态
浏览器输入http://192.168.1.18:8088
标签：hadoop,192.168,集群,dfs,xinsz08,home,root,搭建 来源： https://blog.51cto.com/xinsz08/2705148