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Bootstrap

作者：互联网

Bootstrap

1.简介

1.1 概述

Bootstrap是美国Twitter公司的设计师Mark Otto和Jacob Thornton合作基于HTML、CSS、JavaScript 开发的简洁、直观、强悍的前端开发框架，使得 Web 开发更加快捷。Bootstrap提供了优雅的HTML和CSS规范，它即是由动态CSS语言Less写成。Bootstrap一经推出后颇受欢迎，一直是GitHub上的热门开源项目，包括NASA的MSNBC（微软全国广播公司）的Breaking News都使用了该项目。国内一些移动开发者较为熟悉的框架，如WeX5前端开源框架等，也是基于Bootstrap源码进行性能优化而来。

Bootstrap是一个前端开发框架

框架：一个半成品软件

好处：

  1. 定义了很多的css样式和js插件。我们开发人员可以直接使用这些插件得到丰富的效果
  2. 响应式布局
    1. 同一套页面可以兼容不同分辨率的设备

1.2 快速入门

  1. 官网下载https://www.bootcss.com/
  2. 引入：在项目中将三个文件夹复制
  3. 创建html页面，引入必要的资源文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面，任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后！ -->
    <title>Bootstrap Hello World</title>

    <!-- Bootstrap -->
    <link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

    <!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery，所以必须放在前边) -->
    <script src="js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
    <!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
    <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

</head>
<body>
<h1>你好，世界！</h1>

</body>
</html>

这是模板文档，以后都在此基础上编写代码

2.响应式布局

同一套页面可以兼容不同分辨率的设备

实现：依赖于栅格系统：将一行平均分成12个格子，可以指定元素占几个格子

步骤：

1. 定义容器：相当于之前的table
  	1. container：两边留白
  	2. container-fluid：每一种都是100%宽度
2. 定义行：相当于之前的tr  样式：row
3. 定义元素：相当于之前的td。指定该元素在不同的设备上，所占的格子数
  	1. col-xs-：**超小屏幕** 手机 (<768px)
  	2. col-sm-：**小屏幕** 平板 (≥768px)
  	3. col-md-：**中等屏幕** 桌面显示器 (≥992px)
  	4. .col-lg-：**大屏幕** 大桌面显示器 (≥1200px)

注意：

  1. 如果一行格子数超出12个，超出部分自动换行
  2. 栅格类属性可以向上兼容。栅格类适用于与屏幕宽度大于或等于分界点大小的设备 ， 并且针对小屏幕设备覆盖栅格类
  3. 如果真实设备宽度小于了设置栅格类属性的设备代码的最小值，会一个元素占满一整行
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面，任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后！ -->
    <title>Bootstrap栅格系统</title>

    <!-- Bootstrap -->
    <link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

    <!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery，所以必须放在前边) -->
    <script src="js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
    <!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
    <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

    <style>
        .inner{
            border: 1px solid;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <!--1.定义容器-->
    <div class="container">
        <!--2.定义行-->
        <div class="row">
            <!--3.定义元素
                在大屏幕一行占12个格子
                在pad上一行占6个格子
            -->
            <!--<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
            <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
            <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
            <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
            <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
            <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
            <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
            <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
            <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
            <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
            <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
            <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>-->
            <!--<div class="col-lg-13 inner">栅格</div>-->

            <!--<div class="col-xs-4 inner">栅格</div>
            <div class="col-xs-4 inner">栅格</div>
            <div class="col-xs-4 inner">栅格</div>-->
            <div class="col-md-4 inner">栅格</div>
            <div class="col-md-4 inner">栅格</div>
            <div class="col-md-4 inner">栅格</div>
        </div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

3.CSS样式

全局css样式：

  1. 按钮：class=“btn btn-default”

    <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面，任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后！ -->
    <title>Bootstrap CSS样式</title>

    <!-- Bootstrap -->
    <link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

    <!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery，所以必须放在前边) -->
    <script src="js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
    <!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
    <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

</head>
<body>
    <a class="btn btn-default" href="#">Link</a>
    <button class="btn btn-default" type="submit">Button</button>
    <input class="btn btn-default" type="button" value="input">
    <input class="btn btn-default" type="submit" value="submit">
    <br>
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-default">（默认样式）Default</button>
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">（首选项）Primary</button>
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-success">（成功）Success</button>
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-info">（一般信息）Info</button>
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">（警告）Warning</button>
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">（危险）Danger</button>
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-link">（链接）Link</button>

    <img src="../image/image07.jpg" class="img-responsive">
    <img src="../image/image07.jpg" class="img-rounded">
    <img src="../image/image07.jpg" class="img-circle">
    <img src="../image/image07.jpg" class="img-thumbnail">
</body>
</html>

  2. 图片：class=“img-responsive” 图片任意尺寸都占屏幕100%

  3. 表格：class=“table table-striped table-bordered table-hover”

    <table class="table <!--table-striped--> table-bordered table-hover">
    <tr>
        <th>no</th>
        <th>name</th>
        <th>age</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>1</td>
        <td>jack</td>
        <td>20</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>1</td>
        <td>jack</td>
        <td>20</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>1</td>
        <td>jack</td>
        <td>20</td>
    </tr>
</table>

  4. 表单：给表单项添加：class=“form-group”

    <form class="form-horizontal">
    <div class="form-group">
        <label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">Email</label>
        <div class="col-sm-10">
            <input type="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail3" placeholder="Email">
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label for="inputPassword3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">Password</label>
        <div class="col-sm-10">
            <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword3" placeholder="Password">
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
            <div class="checkbox">
                <label>
                    <input type="checkbox"> Remember me
                </label>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
            <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button>
        </div>
    </div>
</form>

组件：

  1. 导航条

    <nav class="navbar navbar-default">
    <div class="container-fluid">
        <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
        <div class="navbar-header">
            <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
                <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            </button>
            <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Brand</a>
        </div>

        <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
        <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
                <li class="active"><a href="#">Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
                <li class="dropdown">
                    <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
                    <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                        <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
                        <li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
                        <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
                        <li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
                        <li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li>
                    </ul>
                </li>
            </ul>
            <form class="navbar-form navbar-left">
                <div class="form-group">
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search">
                </div>
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>
            </form>
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
                <li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
                <li class="dropdown">
                    <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
                    <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                        <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
                        <li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
                        <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
                    </ul>
                </li>
            </ul>
        </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
    </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
</nav>

  2. 分页条

    <nav aria-label="Page navigation">
    <ul class="pagination">
        <li>
            <a href="#" aria-label="Previous">
                <span aria-hidden="true">&laquo;</span>
            </a>
        </li>
        <li><a href="#">1</a></li>
        <li><a href="#">2</a></li>
        <li><a href="#">3</a></li>
        <li><a href="#">4</a></li>
        <li><a href="#">5</a></li>
        <li>
            <a href="#" aria-label="Next">
                <span aria-hidden="true">&raquo;</span>
            </a>
        </li>
    </ul>
</nav>

4.js插件

轮播图

<div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
    <!-- Indicators -->
    <ol class="carousel-indicators">
        <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
        <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li>
        <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li>
    </ol>

    <!-- Wrapper for slides -->
    <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">
        <div class="item active">
            <img src="../image/image07.jpg" alt="...">
            <div class="carousel-caption">
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="item">
            <img src="../image/image08.jpg" alt="...">
            <div class="carousel-caption">
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="item">
            <img src="../image/image09.jpg" alt="...">
            <div class="carousel-caption">
            </div>
        </div>
        ...
    </div>

    <!-- Controls -->
    <a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev">
        <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span>
        <span class="sr-only">Previous</span>
    </a>
    <a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next">
        <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span>
        <span class="sr-only">Next</span>
    </a>
</div>

案例：网站首页

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面，任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后！ -->
    <title>净心之旅</title>

    <!-- Bootstrap -->
    <link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

    <!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery，所以必须放在前边) -->
    <script src="js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
    <!-- 加载 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件。你也可以根据需要只加载单个插件。 -->
    <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

    <style>
        .header-img{
            width: 100%;
            height: 150px;
        }
        .margin-top{
            margin-top: 10px;
        }
        .input-serch{
            border: 2px solid #ffc600;
            width: 300px;
            height: 35px;
            float: left;
            margin-top: 40px;
            padding-left: 10px;
        }
        .btn-serch{
            border: 2px solid #ffc600;
            width: 70px;
            height: 35px;
            background: #ffc600;
            margin-top: 40px;
        }
        .tel-img{
            margin-top: 40px;
            margin-left: 200px;
        }
        .return-to{
            margin-left: 40px;
            width: 100px;
        }
        .title-choice{
            border-bottom: 1px solid #ff8c00;
        }
        .choice-img{
            width: 100%;
        }
        .comment-price{
            color: red;
        }
        .footer-font{
            color: #a9a9a9;
            font-size: 3px;
            font-family: 楷体;
            margin-left: 40%;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <!--页眉部分-->
    <header class="container-fluid">
        <div class="row">
            <div class="col-md-12">
                <img src="../image/image01.jpg" class="header-img">
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="row">
            <div class="col-md-4">
                <img src="../image/image_log02.png" class="margin-top">
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-4">
                <input type="text" class="input-serch" placeholder="请输入线路名称">
                <input type="submit" class="btn-serch" value="搜索">
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-4">
                <img src="../image/image_tel02.png" class="tel-img">
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="row margin-top">
            <nav class="navbar navbar-default">
                <div class="container-fluid">
                    <div class="navbar-header">
                        <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
                            <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
                            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                        </button>
                        <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">首页</a>
                    </div>

                    <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
                        <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
                            <li class="return-to"><a href="#">门票</a></li>
                            <li class="return-to"><a href="#">酒店</a></li>
                            <li class="return-to"><a href="#">出境游</a></li>
                            <li class="return-to"><a href="#">国内游</a></li>
                            <li class="return-to"><a href="#">抱团游</a></li>
                            <li class="return-to"><a href="#">收藏排行榜</a></li>
                        </ul>
                    </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
                </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
            </nav>
        </div>
        <div class="row">
            <div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
                <ol class="carousel-indicators">
                    <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
                    <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li>
                    <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li>
                </ol>

                <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">
                    <div class="item active">
                        <img src="../image/image07.jpg" alt="...">
                        <div class="carousel-caption">
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="item">
                        <img src="../image/image08.jpg" alt="...">
                        <div class="carousel-caption">
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="item">
                        <img src="../image/image09.jpg" alt="...">
                        <div class="carousel-caption">
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev">
                    <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span>
                    <span class="sr-only">Previous</span>
                </a>
                <a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next">
                    <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span>
                    <span class="sr-only">Next</span>
                </a>
            </div>
        </div>
    </header>

    <!--主体部分-->
    <div class="container">
        <div class="row margin-top">
            <div class="col-md-12 title-choice">
                <img src="../image/image_icon01.png">
                精选推荐
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="row margin-top">
            <div class="col-md-3 thumbnail">
                <img src="../image/image03.jpg" class="choice-img ">
                <p>
                    上海飞三亚5天4晚自由行（春节销售+亲子+蜜月+自由行）
                </p>
                <span class="comment-price">&yen; 899</span>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-3 thumbnail">
                <img src="../image/image04.jpg" class="choice-img ">
                <p>
                    上海飞三亚5天4晚自由行（春节销售+亲子+蜜月+自由行）
                </p>
                <span class="comment-price">&yen; 899</span>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-3 thumbnail">
                <img src="../image/image05.jpg" class="choice-img ">
                <p>
                    上海飞三亚5天4晚自由行（春节销售+亲子+蜜月+自由行）
                </p>
                <span class="comment-price">&yen; 899</span>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-3 thumbnail">
                <img src="../image/image06.jpg" class="choice-img ">
                <p>
                    上海飞三亚5天4晚自由行（春节销售+亲子+蜜月+自由行）
                </p>
                <span class="comment-price">&yen; 899</span>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="row margin-top">
            <div class="col-md-12 title-choice">
                <img src="../image/image_icon02.png">
                国内游
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="row margin-top">
            <div class="col-md-4 thumbnail">
                <img src="../image/image10.jpg" class="choice-img">

            </div>
            <div class="col-md-8">
                <div class="row">
                    <div class="col-md-4 thumbnail">
                        <img src="../image/image06.jpg" class="choice-img">
                        <p>
                            上海飞三亚5天4晚自由行（春节销售+亲子+蜜月+自由行）
                        </p>
                        <span class="comment-price">&yen; 1199</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="col-md-4 thumbnail">
                        <img src="../image/image04.jpg" class="choice-img">
                        <p>
                            上海飞三亚5天4晚自由行（春节销售+亲子+蜜月+自由行）
                        </p>
                        <font color="red">&yen; 1099</font>
                    </div>
                    <div class="col-md-4 thumbnail">
                        <img src="../image/image05.jpg" class="choice-img">
                        <p>
                            上海飞三亚5天4晚自由行（春节销售+亲子+蜜月+自由行）
                        </p>
                        <font color="red">&yen; 999</font>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="row ">
                    <div class="col-md-4 thumbnail">
                        <img src="../image/image07.jpg" class="choice-img">
                        <p>
                            上海飞三亚5天4晚自由行（春节销售+亲子+蜜月+自由行）
                        </p>
                        <font color="red">&yen; 1299</font>
                    </div>
                    <div class="col-md-4 thumbnail">
                        <img src="../image/image08.jpg" class="choice-img">
                        <p>
                            上海飞三亚5天4晚自由行（春节销售+亲子+蜜月+自由行）
                        </p>
                        <font color="red">&yen; 899</font>
                    </div>
                    <div class="col-md-4 thumbnail">
                        <img src="../image/image09.jpg" class="choice-img">
                        <p>
                            上海飞三亚5天4晚自由行（春节销售+亲子+蜜月+自由行）
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                        <font color="red">&yen; 699</font>
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来源： https://blog.csdn.net/qq_53529114/article/details/115366404