2021-01-02

[root@localhost doc]# man echo
[root@localhost doc]# help echo
echo: echo [-neE] [arg …]
Write arguments to the standard output.

Display the ARGs on the standard output followed by a newline.

Options:
  -n	do not append a newline
  -e	enable interpretation of the following backslash escapes
  -E	explicitly suppress interpretation of backslash escapes

`echo' interprets the following backslash-escaped characters:
  \a	alert (bell)
  \b	backspace
  \c	suppress further output
  \e	escape character
  \f	form feed
  \n	new line
  \r	carriage return
  \t	horizontal tab
  \v	vertical tab
  \\	backslash
  \0nnn	the character whose ASCII code is NNN (octal).  NNN can be
	0 to 3 octal digits
  \xHH	the eight-bit character whose value is HH (hexadecimal).  HH
	can be one or two hex digits

Exit Status:
Returns success unless a write error occurs.

[root@localhost doc]# echo -n
[root@localhost doc]# echo “the year is 2013. today is 26”
the year is 2013. today is 26
[root@localhost doc]# echo “the year is 2013./n today is 26”
the year is 2013./n today is 26
[root@localhost doc]# echo -e “the year is 2013.\n today is 26”
the year is 2013.
today is 26
[root@localhost doc]# man printf
[root@localhost doc]# printf “the year is 2013 \n today is 26 \n”
the year is 2013
today is 26
[root@localhost doc]# man file
[root@localhost doc]# man file
[root@localhost doc]# file /root
/root: directory
[root@localhost doc]# file /bin/ls
/bin/ls: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.18, stripped
[root@localhost doc]# file /lib/libc.so.6
/lib/libc.so.6: cannot open /lib/libc.so.6' (No such file or directory) [root@localhost doc]# file /lib/libc-2.5.so /lib/libc-2.5.so: cannot open/lib/libc-2.5.so’ (No such file or directory)
[root@localhost doc]# ls -ld /root
dr-xr-x—. 3 root root 4096 Nov 22 2020 /root
[root@localhost doc]# ls -l /bin/ls
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 117048 Mar 22 2017 /bin/ls
[root@localhost doc]# ls -l /etc/issue
-rw-r–r--. 1 root root 47 Mar 28 2017 /etc/issue
[root@localhost doc]# ls /root
anaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog
[root@localhost doc]# ls -l /dev
total 0
crw-rw----. 1 root video 10, 175 Jan 1 2021 agpgart
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 620 Jan 1 2021 block
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 80 Jan 1 2021 bsg
crw-------. 1 root root 10, 234 Jan 1 2021 btrfs-control
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 60 Jan 1 2021 bus
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 Jan 1 2021 cdrom -> sr0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 Jan 1 2021 cdrw -> sr0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 3200 Jan 1 2021 char
crw-------. 1 root root 5, 1 Jan 1 2021 console
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 Jan 1 2021 core -> /proc/kcore
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 140 Jan 1 2021 cpu
crw-rw----. 1 root root 10, 61 Jan 1 2021 cpu_dma_latency
crw-rw----. 1 root root 10, 62 Jan 1 2021 crash
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 100 Jan 1 2021 disk
crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 14, 9 Jan 1 2021 dmmidi
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 100 Jan 1 2021 dri
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 Jan 1 2021 dvd -> sr0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 Jan 1 2021 dvdrw -> sr0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 Jan 1 2021 fb -> fb0
crw-rw----. 1 root video 29, 0 Jan 1 2021 fb0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Jan 1 2021 fd -> /proc/self/fd
crw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 1, 7 Jan 1 2021 full
crw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 10, 229 Jan 1 2021 fuse
crw-rw----. 1 root root 248, 0 Jan 1 2021 hidraw0
crw-rw----. 1 root root 10, 228 Jan 1 2021 hpet
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 40 Jan 1 2021 hugepages
crw-------. 1 root root 229, 0 Jan 1 2021 hvc0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 60 Jan 1 2021 infiniband
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 260 Jan 1 2021 input
crw-rw----. 1 root root 1, 11 Jan 1 2021 kmsg
srw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 0 Jan 1 2021 log
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 7, 0 Jan 1 2021 loop0
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 7, 1 Jan 1 2021 loop1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 7, 2 Jan 1 2021 loop2
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 7, 3 Jan 1 2021 loop3
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 7, 4 Jan 1 2021 loop4
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 7, 5 Jan 1 2021 loop5
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 7, 6 Jan 1 2021 loop6
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 7, 7 Jan 1 2021 loop7
crw-rw----. 1 root lp 6, 0 Jan 1 2021 lp0
crw-rw----. 1 root lp 6, 1 Jan 1 2021 lp1
crw-rw----. 1 root lp 6, 2 Jan 1 2021 lp2
crw-rw----. 1 root lp 6, 3 Jan 1 2021 lp3
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Jan 1 2021 MAKEDEV -> /sbin/MAKEDEV
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 60 Jan 1 2021 mapper
crw-rw----. 1 root root 10, 227 Jan 1 2021 mcelog
crw-r-----. 1 root kmem 1, 1 Jan 1 2021 mem
crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 14, 2 Jan 1 2021 midi
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 60 Jan 1 2021 net
crw-rw----. 1 root root 10, 60 Jan 1 2021 network_latency
crw-rw----. 1 root root 10, 59 Jan 1 2021 network_throughput
crw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 1, 3 Jan 1 2021 null
crw-r-----. 1 root kmem 10, 144 Jan 1 2021 nvram
crw-rw----. 1 root root 1, 12 Jan 1 2021 oldmem
crw-rw-r–. 1 root lp 99, 0 Jan 1 2021 parport0
crw-r-----. 1 root kmem 1, 4 Jan 1 2021 port
crw-------. 1 root root 108, 0 Jan 1 2021 ppp
crw-rw-rw-. 1 root tty 5, 2 Feb 26 13:08 ptmx
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 0 Jan 1 2021 pts
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 1, 0 Jan 1 2021 ram0
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 1, 1 Jan 1 2021 ram1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 1, 10 Jan 1 2021 ram10
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 1, 11 Jan 1 2021 ram11
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 1, 12 Jan 1 2021 ram12
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 1, 13 Jan 1 2021 ram13
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 1, 14 Jan 1 2021 ram14
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 1, 15 Jan 1 2021 ram15
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 1, 2 Jan 1 2021 ram2
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 1, 3 Jan 1 2021 ram3
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 1, 4 Jan 1 2021 ram4
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 1, 5 Jan 1 2021 ram5
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 1, 6 Jan 1 2021 ram6
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 1, 7 Jan 1 2021 ram7
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 1, 8 Jan 1 2021 ram8
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 1, 9 Jan 1 2021 ram9
crw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 1, 8 Jan 1 2021 random
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 60 Jan 1 2021 raw
crw-rw-r–+ 1 root root 10, 56 Jan 1 2021 rfkill
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 4 Jan 1 2021 root -> sda2
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 4 Jan 1 2021 rtc -> rtc0
crw-rw----. 1 root root 253, 0 Jan 1 2021 rtc0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 Jan 1 2021 scd0 -> sr0
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 0 Jan 1 2021 sda
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 1 Jan 1 2021 sda1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 2 Jan 1 2021 sda2
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 3 Jan 1 2021 sda3
crw-rw----. 1 root cdrom 21, 0 Jan 1 2021 sg0
crw-rw----. 1 root disk 21, 1 Jan 1 2021 sg1
drwxrwxrwt. 2 root root 160 Jan 1 2021 shm
crw-rw----. 1 root root 10, 231 Jan 1 2021 snapshot
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 200 Jan 1 2021 snd
brw-rw----+ 1 root cdrom 11, 0 Jan 1 2021 sr0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Jan 1 2021 stderr -> /proc/self/fd/2
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Jan 1 2021 stdin -> /proc/self/fd/0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Jan 1 2021 stdout -> /proc/self/fd/1
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 4 Jan 1 2021 systty -> tty0
crw-rw-rw-. 1 root tty 5, 0 Jan 1 2021 tty
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 0 Jan 1 2021 tty0
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 1 Jan 1 2021 tty1
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 10 Jan 1 2021 tty10
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 11 Jan 1 2021 tty11
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 12 Jan 1 2021 tty12
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 13 Jan 1 2021 tty13
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 14 Jan 1 2021 tty14
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 15 Jan 1 2021 tty15
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 16 Jan 1 2021 tty16
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 17 Jan 1 2021 tty17
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 18 Jan 1 2021 tty18
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 19 Jan 1 2021 tty19
crw-------. 1 root root 4, 2 Jan 1 2021 tty2
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 20 Jan 1 2021 tty20
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 21 Jan 1 2021 tty21
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 22 Jan 1 2021 tty22
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 23 Jan 1 2021 tty23
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 24 Jan 1 2021 tty24
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 25 Jan 1 2021 tty25
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 26 Jan 1 2021 tty26
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 27 Jan 1 2021 tty27
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 28 Jan 1 2021 tty28
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 29 Jan 1 2021 tty29
crw-------. 1 root root 4, 3 Jan 1 2021 tty3
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 30 Jan 1 2021 tty30
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 31 Jan 1 2021 tty31
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 32 Jan 1 2021 tty32
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 33 Jan 1 2021 tty33
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 34 Jan 1 2021 tty34
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 35 Jan 1 2021 tty35
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 36 Jan 1 2021 tty36
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 37 Jan 1 2021 tty37
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 38 Jan 1 2021 tty38
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 39 Jan 1 2021 tty39
crw-------. 1 root root 4, 4 Jan 1 2021 tty4
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 40 Jan 1 2021 tty40
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 41 Jan 1 2021 tty41
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 42 Jan 1 2021 tty42
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 43 Jan 1 2021 tty43
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 44 Jan 1 2021 tty44
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 45 Jan 1 2021 tty45
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 46 Jan 1 2021 tty46
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 47 Jan 1 2021 tty47
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 48 Jan 1 2021 tty48
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 49 Jan 1 2021 tty49
crw-------. 1 root root 4, 5 Jan 1 2021 tty5
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 50 Jan 1 2021 tty50
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 51 Jan 1 2021 tty51
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 52 Jan 1 2021 tty52
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 53 Jan 1 2021 tty53
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 54 Jan 1 2021 tty54
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 55 Jan 1 2021 tty55
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 56 Jan 1 2021 tty56
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 57 Jan 1 2021 tty57
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 58 Jan 1 2021 tty58
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 59 Jan 1 2021 tty59
crw-------. 1 root root 4, 6 Jan 1 2021 tty6
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 60 Jan 1 2021 tty60
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 61 Jan 1 2021 tty61
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 62 Jan 1 2021 tty62
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 63 Jan 1 2021 tty63
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 7 Jan 1 2021 tty7
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 8 Jan 1 2021 tty8
crw–w----. 1 root tty 4, 9 Jan 1 2021 tty9
crw-rw----. 1 root dialout 4, 64 Jan 1 2021 ttyS0
crw-rw----. 1 root dialout 4, 65 Jan 1 2021 ttyS1
crw-rw----. 1 root dialout 4, 66 Jan 1 2021 ttyS2
crw-rw----. 1 root dialout 4, 67 Jan 1 2021 ttyS3
crw-r-----. 1 root root 10, 223 Jan 1 2021 uinput
crw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 1, 9 Jan 1 2021 urandom
crw-rw----. 1 root root 249, 0 Jan 1 2021 usbmon0
crw-rw----. 1 root root 249, 1 Jan 1 2021 usbmon1
crw-rw----. 1 root root 249, 2 Jan 1 2021 usbmon2
crw-rw----. 1 vcsa tty 7, 0 Jan 1 2021 vcs
crw-rw----. 1 vcsa tty 7, 1 Jan 1 2021 vcs1
crw-rw----. 1 vcsa tty 7, 2 Jan 1 2021 vcs2
crw-rw----. 1 vcsa tty 7, 3 Jan 1 2021 vcs3
crw-rw----. 1 vcsa tty 7, 4 Jan 1 2021 vcs4
crw-rw----. 1 vcsa tty 7, 5 Jan 1 2021 vcs5
crw-rw----. 1 vcsa tty 7, 6 Jan 1 2021 vcs6
crw-rw----. 1 vcsa tty 7, 128 Jan 1 2021 vcsa
crw-rw----. 1 vcsa tty 7, 129 Jan 1 2021 vcsa1
crw-rw----. 1 vcsa tty 7, 130 Jan 1 2021 vcsa2
crw-rw----. 1 vcsa tty 7, 131 Jan 1 2021 vcsa3
crw-rw----. 1 vcsa tty 7, 132 Jan 1 2021 vcsa4
crw-rw----. 1 vcsa tty 7, 133 Jan 1 2021 vcsa5
crw-rw----. 1 vcsa tty 7, 134 Jan 1 2021 vcsa6
crw-rw----. 1 root root 10, 63 Jan 1 2021 vga_arbiter
crw-------. 1 root root 10, 57 Jan 1 2021 vmci
crw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 10, 54 Jan 1 2021 vsock
crw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 1, 5 Jan 1 2021 zero
[root@localhost doc]# ls /
bin dev home lib64 media opt root selinux sys usr
boot etc lib lost+found mnt proc sbin srv tmp var
[root@localhost doc]# ls /home
shine
[root@localhost doc]# ls /proc
1 17 24 28 2938 3656 55 80 driver pagetypeinfo
10 18 2424 2821 294 3657 56 81 execdomains partitions
11 1827 2475 2831 2942 37 57 817 fb sched_debug
1168 1850 25 2839 2943 3714 58 82 filesystems schedstat
1169 1873 2513 2840 2950 3720 59 83 fs scsi
12 19 2517 2858 2954 38 591 9 interrupts self
1219 2 2527 2866 2955 39 6 90 iomem slabinfo
13 20 2554 2868 2960 4 60 91 ioports softirqs
130 2022 2569 2870 2969 40 61 92 irq stat
131 2056 2585 2885 2972 41 62 93 kallsyms swaps
1350 2090 2590 2894 2982 42 63 930 kcore sys
1355 21 2592 2895 2985 43 64 933 keys sysrq-trigger
1356 2108 2594 2898 2988 44 65 94 key-users sysvipc
1357 2122 26 2899 2989 45 66 96 kmsg timer_list
1358 2131 2600 29 3 4541 67 97 kpagecount timer_stats
1367 2147 2603 2901 30 46 68 98 kpageflags tty
1372 2150 2604 2906 3011 47 69 acpi loadavg uptime
1377 2155 2606 2909 31 48 7 asound locks version
1378 2185 2615 2912 32 489 72 buddyinfo mdstat vmallocinfo
1379 2197 2618 2913 33 49 73 bus meminfo vmstat
1380 2198 2636 2915 34 490 74 cgroups misc zoneinfo
1385 22 27 2921 342 5 75 cmdline modules
14 2233 2706 293 343 50 76 cpuinfo mounts
1406 2244 2712 2930 344 51 77 crypto mpt
15 2248 2753 2932 35 52 78 devices mtd
16 2288 2764 2933 36 53 79 diskstats mtrr
168 23 2770 2934 3652 54 8 dma net
[root@localhost doc]# ls /sys
block bus class dev devices firmware fs hypervisor kernel module power
[root@localhost doc]# ls -ld /tmp
drwxrwxrwt. 24 root root 4096 Feb 26 13:01 /tmp
[root@localhost doc]# ls /var
account crash empty gdm local log nis preserve spool www
cache db games lib lock mail opt run tmp yp
[root@localhost doc]# ls /var/run
abrt gdm saslauthd
abrtd.pid gdm.pid sdp
acpid.pid hald sepermit
acpid.socket haldaemon.pid setrans
atd.pid httpd spice-vdagentd
auditd.pid irqbalance.pid sshd.pid
console lvm syslogd.pid
ConsoleKit mdadm udev-configure-printer
console-kit-daemon.pid messagebus.pid udisks
crond.pid netreport utmp
cron.reboot NetworkManager vmblock-fuse
cups nm-dhclient-eth0.conf vmtoolsd.pid
cupsd.pid plymouth vmware
dbus pm-utils winbindd
dhclient-eth0.pid portreserve wpa_supplicant
faillock ppp wpa_supplicant.pid
[root@localhost doc]# ls /usr/bin
[ mkfontdir
a2p mkfontscale
ab mkhybrid
abrt-action-analyze-backtrace mkisofs
abrt-action-analyze-c mkmanifest
abrt-action-analyze-ccpp-local mkrfc2734
abrt-action-analyze-core mkxauth
abrt-action-analyze-oops mlabel
abrt-action-analyze-python mmc-tool
abrt-action-generate-backtrace mmd
abrt-action-generate-core-backtrace mmount
abrt-action-install-debuginfo mmove
abrt-action-list-dsos modutil
abrt-action-notify mousetweaks
abrt-action-save-kernel-data mozilla-plugin-config
abrt-action-save-package-data mpartition
abrt-action-trim-files mpstat
abrt-cli mrd
abrt-cli-root mren
abrt-dedup-client mshowfat
abrt-dump-oops mtools
abrt-handle-upload mtoolstest
ac mtype
aconnect mxtar
acpi_listen my-default-printer
activation-client mzip
addftinfo nail
addr2line namei
alsa-info nano
alsa-info.sh nautilus
alsaloop nautilus-autorun-software
alsamixer nautilus-connect-server
amidi nautilus-file-management-properties
amixer nautilus-sendto
amuFormat.sh needs-restarting
aplay nenscript
aplaymidi neqn
apropos net
ar newaliases
arecord newaliases.postfix
arecordmidi newgrp
as nl
aseqdump nm
aseqnet nm-applet
aserver nmcli
at nm-connection-editor
atq nm-online
atrm nm-tool
attr nohup
aulast notify-send
aulastlog nproc
ausyscall nroff
authconfig nsenter
authconfig-gtk nslookup
authconfig-tui nsupdate
auvirt ntlm_auth
awk ntpstat
b43-fwcutter numactl
baobab numademo
base64 numastat
bashbug-64 obex-data-server
batch objcopy
bc objdump
bdftopcf od
bdftops ogg123
berkeley_db_svc oggdec
blkiomon oggenc
blkparse ogginfo
blkrawverify oldfind
blktrace on_ac_power
bluetooth-applet open
bluetooth-properties openssl
bluetooth-sendto openvt
bluetooth-wizard orca
bmp2tiff over
bno_plot.py p11-kit
bonobo-activation-run-query pacat
brasero package-cleanup
btrace packagekit-bugreport.sh
btrecord pacmd
btreplay pactl
btt padsp
bunzip2 pal2rgb
bzcat palimpsest
bzcmp pamon
bzdiff pam-panel-icon
bzgrep panelctl
bzip2 pango-querymodules-64
bzip2recover pango-view
bzless paplay
bzmore paps
c2050 parec
c2070 parecord
c2ph passwd
c89 paste
c99 pasuspender
cal patch
ca-legacy pathchk
calibrate_ppa pax11publish
canberra-gtk-play pbm2l2030
cancel pbm2l7k
cancel.cups pbm2lex
captoinfo pbm2ppa
catchsegv pbmtpg
cc pcregrep
cdda2ogg pcretest
cdda2wav pdbedit
cdda-player pdf2dsc
cd-drive pdf2ps
cd-info pdffonts
cdparanoia pdfimages
cd-paranoia pdfinfo
cdrdao pdfopt
cd-read pdftohtml
cdrecord pdftoppm
certutil pdftops
c++filt pdftotext
chacl peekfd
chage perl
charmap perl5.10.1
chattr perlbug
chcon perldoc
checkmodule perlthanks
checkpolicy pf2afm
cheese pfbtopfa
chfn pfbtops
chrt pgawk
chsh pgrep
chvt pic
cifsiostat pic2graph
ciptool piconv
cjet pidstat
cjpeg pinentry
ck-history pinentry-curses
ck-launch-session pinentry-gtk
ck-list-sessions pinentry-gtk-2
cksum pinfo
ck-xinit-session pinky
clear pitchplay
cloog pk12util
cmp pkaction
cmsutil pkcheck
col pkcon
colcrt pkexec
colrm pkg-config
column pkgenpack
comm pkill
compiz pkmon
compiz-gtk pl2pm
consolehelper plutil
consolehelper-gtk plutil-1.2
cpp plymouth
cpufreq-selector plymouth-log-viewer
create-branching-keyboard pmap
crlutil pm-is-supported
crontab pm-utils-bugreport-info.sh
csplit pnm2ppa
csslint-0.6 pod2html
cue2toc pod2latex
cups-calibrate pod2man
cupstestdsc pod2text
cupstestppd pod2usage
curl podchecker
cut podselect
cvt pointer-capture-applet
db_archive post-grohtml
db_checkpoint poweroff
db_codegen ppdc
db_deadlock ppdhtml
db_dump ppdi
db_dump185 ppdmerge
db_hotbackup ppdpo
db_load ppl-config
db_printlog ppm2tiff
db_recover pr
db_stat pre-grohtml
db_upgrade printafm
dbus-binding-tool printenv
dbus-launch printf
dbusxx-introspect profiles
dbusxx-xml2cpp protoize
db_verify proxy
dc ps2ascii
ddate ps2epsi
deallocvt ps2pdf
debuginfo-install ps2pdf12
desktop-effects ps2pdf13
desktop-file-install ps2pdf14
desktop-file-validate ps2pdfwr
detect_ppa ps2ps
devdump ps2ps2
devkit-power psbook
dfutool psed
diff psfaddtable
diff3 psfgettable
diffpp psfstriptable
dig psfxtable
dir psnup
dircolors psresize
dirname psselect
djpeg pstops
dprofpp pstree
du pstree.x11
dumphint pstruct
dumpiso ptx
dvcont pulseaudio
dvd-ram-control pv.sh
dvdrecord pwdx
dvd+rw-booktype pydoc
dvd+rw-format pygtk-demo
dvd+rw-mediainfo python
dvipdf python2
dwell-click-applet python2.6
edid-decode quota
eject quotasync
enchant ranlib
enchant-lsmod rarian-example
enscript rarian-sk-config
env rarian-sk-extract
eog rarian-sk-gen-uuid
eps2eps rarian-sk-get-cl
epsffit rarian-sk-get-content-list
eqn rarian-sk-get-extended-content-list
eqn2graph rarian-sk-get-scripts
esc-m rarian-sk-install
escputil rarian-sk-migrate
eu-addr2line rarian-sk-preinstall
eu-ar rarian-sk-rebuild
eu-elfcmp rarian-sk-update
eu-elflint ras2tiff
eu-findtextrel raw2tiff
eu-make-debug-archive rdate
eu-nm rdjpgcom
eu-objdump readcd
eu-ranlib readelf
eu-readelf readlink
eu-size readmult
eu-stack readom
eu-strings reboot
eu-strip refer
eu-unstrip rename
evince renice
evince-previewer repoclosure
evince-thumbnailer repodiff
execstack repo-graph
expand repomanage
expr repoquery
expresskeys repo-rss
factor report
fallocate report-cli
fax2ps reporter-kerneloops
fax2tiff reporter-mailx
fc-cache reporter-print
fc-cat reporter-rhtsupport
fc-list reporter-upload
fc-match reporter-ureport
fc-query report-gtk
fc-scan report-newt
festival reposync
festival_client repotrack
festival_server reset
festival_server_control resizecons
festival-synthesis-driver rev
fgconsole rfcomm
file rgb2ycbcr
file-roller rhgb-client
find rhythmbox
find2perl rhythmbox-client
find-repos-of-install rmail
fipscheck rmail.postfix
fipshmac rnano
firefox rngtest
flac rpcgen
flock rpm2cpio
floppy rpmdb
fmt rpmquery
fold rpmsign
font2c rpmverify
fonttosfnt rsvg
foomatic-combo-xml rsvg-convert
foomatic-compiledb rsvg-view
foomatic-configure rsync
foomatic-datafile runcon
foomatic-perl-data run-parts
foomatic-ppdfile rvim
foomatic-ppd-options s2p
foomatic-ppd-to-xml sadf
foomatic-printjob sane-find-scanner
foomatic-rip sar
foomatic-searchprinter satyr
fprintd-delete saytime
fprintd-enroll scanimage
fprintd-list scl
fprintd-verify scl_enabled
free scl_source
funzip scp
fusermount script
gawk scriptreplay
gcalctool scrollkeeper-config
gcc scrollkeeper-extract
gconf-merge-tree scrollkeeper-gen-seriesid
gconftool-2 scrollkeeper-get-cl
gcov scrollkeeper-get-content-list
gdbus scrollkeeper-get-extended-content-list
gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders-64 scrollkeeper-get-index-from-docpath
gdmflexiserver scrollkeeper-get-toc-from-docpath
gdm-screenshot scrollkeeper-get-toc-from-id
gedit scrollkeeper-install
gencat scrollkeeper-preinstall
genisoimage scrollkeeper-rebuilddb
geqn scrollkeeper-uninstall
getafm scrollkeeper-update
getconf sdiff
getent sdptool
getfacl seahorse
getfattr seahorse-daemon
getkeycodes secon
getopt sedismod
ghostscript sedispol
gif2tiff semodule_deps
gindxbib semodule_expand
gio-querymodules-64 semodule_link
glib-compile-schemas semodule_package
glookbib sendiso
glxgears seq
glxinfo sessreg
gmake setarch
gneqn setfacl
gnome-about setfattr
gnome-about-me setkeycodes
gnome-appearance-properties setleds
gnome-at-properties setmetamode
gnome-at-visual setsid
gnome-audio-profiles-properties setterm
gnome-calculator setup
gnome-character-map setup-nsssysinit.sh
gnome-control-center setxkbmap
gnome-default-applications-properties sftp
gnome-desktop-item-edit sg
gnome-dictionary sgmlwhich
gnome-display-properties sha1sum
gnome-file-share-properties sha224sum
gnome-font-viewer sha256sum
gnome-help sha384sum
gnome-keybinding-properties sha512sum
gnome-keyboard-properties show-changed-rco
gnome-keyring showchar
gnome-keyring-daemon showconsolefont
gnome-mouse-properties show-installed
gnome-network-properties showkey
gnome-open showrgb
gnome-panel shred
gnome-panel-screenshot shuf
gnome-power-bugreport.sh signtool
gnome-power-manager signver
gnome-power-preferences size
gnome-screensaver skill
gnome-screensaver-command slabtop
gnome-screensaver-preferences sliceprint
gnome-screenshot slogin
gnome-search-tool smbcontrol
gnome-session smbcquotas
gnome-session-properties smbpasswd
gnome-session-save smp_conf_general
gnome-system-monitor smp_conf_route_info
gnome-terminal smp_discover
gnome-text-editor smp_discover_list
gnome-thumbnail-font smp_phy_control
gnome-typing-monitor smp_phy_test
gnomevfs-cat smp_read_gpio
gnomevfs-copy smp_rep_exp_route_tbl
gnomevfs-df smp_rep_general
gnomevfs-info smp_rep_manufacturer
gnomevfs-ls smp_rep_phy_err_log
gnomevfs-mkdir smp_rep_phy_sata
gnomevfs-monitor smp_rep_route_info
gnomevfs-mv smp_write_gpio
gnomevfs-rm sndfile-cmp
gnome-volume-control sndfile-convert
gnome-volume-control-applet sndfile-info
gnome-wacom-properties sndfile-metadata-get
gnome-window-properties sndfile-metadata-set
gnome-wm sndfile-play
gnote sndfile-regtest
gnroff sndfile-resample
gok snice
gpasswd soelim
gpg sound-juicer
gpg2 speaker-test
gpg-agent spice-vdagent
gpgconf splain
gpg-connect-agent split
gpg-error sprof
gpgkey2ssh sqlite3
gpgparsemail ssh
gpgsplit ssh-add
gpgv ssh-agent
gpgv2 ssh-copy-id
gpg-zip ssh-keygen
gpic ssh-keyscan
gpk-application ssltap
gpk-install-catalog stap-merge
gpk-install-local-file stap-report
gpk-install-mime-type staprun
gpk-install-package-name stapsh
gpk-install-provide-file start-pulseaudio-x11
gpk-log startx
gpk-prefs stat
gpk-repo states
gpk-update-icon stdbuf
gpk-update-viewer strace
gprof strace-log-merge
grefer strings
grn strip
grodvi sudo
groff sudoedit
groffer sudoreplay
grog sum
grolbp synclient
grolj4 syndaemon
grops system-config-authentication
grotty system-config-date
groups system-config-firewall
growisofs system-config-firewall-tui
gs system-config-keyboard
gsbj system-config-network
gsdj system-config-network-cmd
gsdj500 system-config-printer
gslj system-config-printer-applet
gslp system-config-users
gsnd system-setup-keyboard
gsoelim tabs
gst-feedback tac
gst-feedback-0.10 tail
gst-inspect tailf
gst-inspect-0.10 tbl
gst-launch tee
gst-launch-0.10 test
gst-typefind testlibraw
gst-typefind-0.10 testparm
gst-xmlinspect test_ppa
gst-xmlinspect-0.10 test-speech
gst-xmllaunch text2wave
gst-xmllaunch-0.10 tfmtodit
gtbl tgz
gtf thumbnail
gthumb tic
gthumb-importer tiff2bw
gtk-query-immodules-2.0-64 tiff2pdf
gtk-update-icon-cache tiff2ps
gtk-window-decorator tiff2rgba
gtroff tiffcmp
gucharmap tiffcp
gunzip tiffcrop
gvfs-cat tiffdither
gvfs-copy tiffdump
gvfs-info tiffinfo
gvfs-less tiffmedian
gvfs-ls tiffset
gvfs-mkdir tiffsplit
gvfs-monitor-dir time
gvfs-monitor-file timeout
gvfs-mount tload
gvfs-move tmpwatch
gvfs-open toc2cddb
gvfs-rename toc2cue
gvfs-rm toe
gvfs-save top
gvfs-set-attribute totem
gvfs-trash totem-audio-preview
gvfs-tree totem-video-indexer
gzexe totem-video-thumbnailer
gzip tput
h2ph tr
hal-device troff
hal-disable-polling truncate
hal-find-by-capability tset
hal-find-by-property tsort
hal-get-property tty
hal-is-caller-locked-out tzselect
hal-lock ucs2any
hal-probe-vmmouse udisks
hal-set-property ul
hal-setup-keymap ulockmgr_server
halt unexpand
hcitool uniq
head unix-lpr.sh
hexdump unlzma
host unprotoize
hostid unshare
hpcups-update-ppds unxz
hpftodit unzip
hpijs unzipsfx
htdbm update-ca-trust
htdigest updatedb
htpasswd update-desktop-database
hunspell update-gdk-pixbuf-loaders
i386 update-gio-modules
iceauth update-gtk-immodules
icedax update-mime-database
iconv uptime
id urlgrabber
idevicebackup usb-devices
idevice_id usbhid-dump
ideviceinfo userformat
idevicesyslog userinfo
idn usermount
iecset userpasswd
igawk users
ijsgutenprint.5.2 utmpdump
indxbib uuidgen
info uz
infocmp vdir
infokey verify_blkparse
infotocap verifytree
install vim
install-catalog vimdiff
invest-chart vimtutor
ionice vino-passwd
iostat vino-preferences
ipcmk vmhgfs-fuse
ipcrm vmmouse_detect
ipcs vmstat
ipod-read-sysinfo-extended vm-support
iproxy vmware-config-tools.pl
iptc vmware-guestproxycerttool
isdv4-serial-inputattach vmware-hgfsclient
isodebug vmware-toolbox-cmd
isodump vmware-uninstall-tools.pl
isoinfo vmware-user
iso-info vmware-xferlogs
iso-read volname
isosize vorbiscomment
isovfy w
join wall
jpegtran watch
kbdrate watchgnupg
kill wavpack
killall wbinfo
l2ping wc
last wdaemon
lastb wftopfa
lastcomm wget
lastlog whatis
lchfn whereis
lchsh which
ld whiptail
ldd who
less whoami
lessecho wnck-urgency-monitor
lesskey wodim
lesspipe.sh write
libieee1284_test wrjpgcom
libtar wvgain
libwacom-list-local-devices wvunpack
linux32 X
linux64 x86_64
lkbib x86_64-redhat-linux-gcc
lm1100 xargs
loadunimap xauth
locale xdg-desktop-icon
localedef xdg-desktop-menu
locate xdg-email
logger xdg-icon-resource
logname xdg-mime
logresolve xdg-open
look xdg-screensaver
lookbib xdg-settings
lp xdg-user-dir
lp.cups xdg-user-dirs-gtk-update
lpoptions xdg-user-dirs-update
lppasswd xdpyinfo
lpq xdriinfo
lpq.cups xev
lpr xgamma
lpr.cups xhost
lprm xinit
lprm.cups xinput
lprsetup.sh xkbcomp
lpstat xkill
lpstat.cups xlsatoms
lsattr xlsclients
lscpu xlsfonts
lshal xmlcatalog
lslogins xmllint
lsusb xmlwf
lsusb.py xmodmap
lua Xorg
luac xprop
lz xrandr
lzcat xrdb
lzcmp xrefresh
lzdiff xset
lzegrep xsetmode
lzfgrep xsetpointer
lzgrep xsetroot
lzless xsetwacom
lzma xsltproc
lzmadec xstdcmap
lzmainfo xulrunner
lzmore xvattr
m4 xvinfo
magnifier xwininfo
Mail xxd
mailq xz
mailq.postfix xzcat
make xzcmp
mako-render xzdec
man xzdiff
man2html xzegrep
manpath xzfgrep
mapscrn xzgrep
mattrib xzless
mbadblocks xzmore
mbchk yelp
mcat yes
mcd yum
mcheck yum-builddep
mclasserase yum-config-manager
mcomp yum-debug-dump
mcookie yum-debug-restore
mcopy yumdownloader
mcpp yum-groups-manager
md5sum zcmp
mdel zdiff
mdeltree zegrep
mdir zenity
mdu zfgrep
memhog zforce
mesg zgrep
metacity zip
metacity-message zipcloak
metaflac zipgrep
mformat zipinfo
migratepages zipnote
migspeed zipsplit
min12xxw zless
minfo zmore
mkafmmap znew
mkfifo zsoelim
[root@localhost doc]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir/e
bash: mkdir/e: No such file or directory
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir abc
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l
total 72
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 26 18:45 abc
-rw-------. 1 root root 3366 Oct 13 2020 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r–r--. 1 root root 41915 Oct 13 2020 install.log
-rw-r–r--. 1 root root 12457 Oct 13 2020 install.log.syslog
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir x
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir .x/y
mkdir: cannot create directory .x/y': No such file or directory [root@localhost ~]# mkdir x/y [root@localhost ~]# tree x bash: tree: command not found [root@localhost ~]# tree x bash: tree: command not found [root@localhost ~]# ls -l total 76 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 26 18:45 abc -rw-------. 1 root root 3366 Oct 13 2020 anaconda-ks.cfg -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 41915 Oct 13 2020 install.log -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12457 Oct 13 2020 install.log.syslog drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Feb 26 18:47 x [root@localhost ~]# cd /x bash: cd: /x: No such file or directory [root@localhost ~]# cd x [root@localhost x]# ls y [root@localhost x]# mkdir /root/m/n/q mkdir: cannot create directory/root/m/n/q’: No such file or directory
[root@localhost x]# mkdir -pv /root/m/n/q
mkdir: created directory /root/m' mkdir: created directory/root/m/n’
mkdir: created directory /root/m/n/q' [root@localhost x]# touch a [root@localhost x]# ls a y [root@localhost x]# file a a: empty [root@localhost x]# mkdir x [root@localhost x]# ls a x y [root@localhost x]# man touch [root@localhost x]# man stat [root@localhost x]# stat a File:a’
Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 regular empty file
Device: 802h/2050d Inode: 262120 Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r–r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Access: 2013-02-26 19:03:32.100990142 -0800
Modify: 2013-02-26 19:03:32.100990142 -0800
Change: 2013-02-26 19:03:32.100990142 -0800
[root@localhost x]# date
Tue Feb 26 19:09:45 PST 2013
[root@localhost x]# stat a
File: a' Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 regular empty file Device: 802h/2050d Inode: 262120 Links: 1 Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root) Access: 2013-02-26 19:03:32.100990142 -0800 Modify: 2013-02-26 19:03:32.100990142 -0800 Change: 2013-02-26 19:03:32.100990142 -0800 [root@localhost x]# touch -m a [root@localhost x]# man nano [root@localhost x]# nano hello [root@localhost x]# ls -lh total 12K -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Feb 26 19:12 a -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 20 Feb 26 19:20 hello drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Feb 26 19:07 x drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Feb 26 18:47 y [root@localhost x]# file hello hello: ASCII text [root@localhost x]# rm hello rm: remove regular filehello’? y
[root@localhost x]# type rm
rm is aliased to `rm -i’
[root@localhost x]# tree /mnt/test2
bash: tree: command not found
[root@localhost x]#
Connection closed by foreign host.

Disconnected from remote host(新建会话) at 03:18:26.

Type `help’ to learn how to use Xshell prompt.

标签：02,01,crw,Jan,rw,2021,----.,root
来源： https://blog.csdn.net/shine_tom/article/details/112109752