day85
作者：互联网
1 2个视图基类
2 5个视图扩展类
3 9个子类视图
4 视图集
5 action的使用
6 路由的使用
## 1 2个视图基类
```python
# Django REST framwork 提供的视图的主要作用：
控制序列化器的执行（检验、保存、转换数据）
控制数据库查询的执行
# APIView:继承了原生Django的View
# GenericAPIView：继承了APIView
-queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
-serializer_class = serializer.BookModelSerializer
-get_queryset：获取配置的queryset
-get_object：路由中的分组字段必须是pk
-get_serializer：获取配置的序列化类
# 最终总结
#两个基类
APIView：如果跟models没有关系（没有数据库相关操作），就继承它
GenericAPIView：有关数据库操作，queryset 和serializer_class
## 2 5个视图扩展类
```python
#5个视图扩展类(rest_framework.mixins)
CreateModelMixin：create方法创建一条
DestroyModelMixin：destory方法删除一条
ListModelMixin：list方法获取所有
RetrieveModelMixin：retrieve获取一条
UpdateModelMixin：update修改一条
```
## 3 9个子类视图
```python
#9个子类视图(rest_framework.generics)
CreateAPIView:继承CreateModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有post方法，新增数据
DestroyAPIView：继承DestroyModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有delete方法，删除数据
ListAPIView：继承ListModelMixin,GenericAPIView,有get方法获取所有
UpdateAPIView：继承UpdateModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有put和patch方法，修改数据
RetrieveAPIView：继承RetrieveModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有get方法，获取一条
ListCreateAPIView：继承ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有get获取所有，post方法新增
RetrieveDestroyAPIView：继承RetrieveModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有get方法获取一条，delete方法删除
RetrieveUpdateAPIView：继承RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有get获取一条，put，patch修改
RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView：继承RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有get获取一条，put，patch修改，delete删除
```
## 4 视图集
```python
#视图集
# ViewSetMixin：重写了as_view
# ViewSet： 继承ViewSetMixin和APIView
# GenericViewSet：继承ViewSetMixin, generics.GenericAPIView
# ModelViewSet：继承mixins.CreateModelMixin,mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.UpdateModelMixin,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,mixins.ListModelMixin,GenericViewSet
# ReadOnlyModelViewSet：继承mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.ListModelMixin,GenericViewSet
```
## 5 action的使用
```python
# 只要继承了ViewSetMixin类
# 路由配置：path('books_mix/', views.BookView.as_view({'get':'lqz'}))
# 视图类的方法中就会有个action
class BookView(ViewSet):
def lqz(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
print(self.action)
return Response('lqz')
# ViewSetMixin以后只要继承它，路由的配置就发生变化了，只需要写映射即可
```
## 6 路由的使用
```python
# 自动生成路由
# SimpleRouter
# DefaultRouter
# （前提）继承了ViewSetMixin的视图类，以后写路由，可以自动生成
# 在urls.py中：
from rest_framework import routers
# 实例化得到一个对象
router = routers.SimpleRouter()
# 注册进路由（ router.register(路由关系, 视图类) ）
router.register('books', views.BookSetView)
# 把自动生成的路由配置到urlpatterns中
-urlpatterns += router.urls
-re_path(r'v1/', include(router.urls))
# 配置路由的方式
-最原始的
-path('books/', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
-ViewSetMixin的视图类
-path('books_set/', views.BookSetView.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'}))
-ViewSetMixin的视图类
-自动生成，
# action
-当自动生成路由的时候，由于视图类中还有其它方法，是无法自动生成路由的
-加action装饰器：
-methods：什么请求方式会触发被装饰函数的执行
-detail：是True是基于带pk的路由生成的，如果是False，是基于不带pk的路由生成的
-@action(methods=['get'], detail=True)
```
urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, re_path
from app01 import views
from rest_framework import routers
router = routers.SimpleRouter() # 实例化得到对象
# router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register('books', views.BookSetView, basename='book') # 注册
print(router.urls)
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
# path('books/', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
# path('books/', views.BookGenericView.as_view()),
# re_path('^books/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.BookDetailGenericAPIView.as_view()),
]
urlpatterns += router.urls
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
from app01 import serializer
from app01 import models
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
# 两个视图基类（APIView、GenericAPIView）
# ①APIView
'''
class BookAPIView(APIView):
def get(self, request):
book_list = models.Book.objects.all()
ser = serializer.BookModelSerializer(instance=book_list, many=True)
return Response(ser.data)
def post(self, request):
ser = serializer.BookModelSerializer(data=request.data)
if not ser.is_valid():
return Response('数据有误')
ser.save()
return Response('成功')
'''
# ②GenericAPIView
'''
class BookGenericView(GenericAPIView):
queryset = models.Book.objects # 内部会自动调用 .all()
serializer_class = serializer.BookModelSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
obj = self.get_queryset()
ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj, many=True)
return Response(ser.data)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid():
ser.save()
return Response('success')
class BookDetailGenericView(GenericAPIView):
queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializer.BookModelSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
obj = self.get_object()
ser = self.get_serializer(obj)
return Response(ser.data)
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
obj = self.get_object()
ser = self.get_serializer(obj, data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid():
ser.save()
return Response('update_success')
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
self.queryset.filter(id=kwargs.get('pk')).delete()
return Response('delete_success')
'''
# 五个视图扩展类（ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin）
'''
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, \
UpdateModelMixin
# ListModelMixin： list方法获取所有
# CreateModelMixin： create方法创建一条
# RetrieveModelMixin： retrieve获取一条
# UpdateModelMixin： update修改一条
# DestroyModelMixin： destory方法删除一条
class BookGenericView(GenericAPIView, ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin):
queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializer.BookModelSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
class BookDetailGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin):
queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializer.BookModelSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
'''
# 九个视图子类（九种组合）
'''
# CreateAPIView: 继承CreateModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有post方法，新增数据
# DestroyAPIView： 继承DestroyModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有delete方法，删除数据
# ListAPIView： 继承ListModelMixin,GenericAPIView,有get方法获取所有
# UpdateAPIView： 继承UpdateModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有put和patch方法，修改数据
# RetrieveAPIView： 继承RetrieveModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有get方法，获取一条
# ListCreateAPIView： 继承ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有get获取所有，post方法新增
# RetrieveDestroyAPIView： 继承RetrieveModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有get方法获取一条，delete方法删除
# RetrieveUpdateAPIView： 继承RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有get获取一条，put，patch修改
# RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView：继承RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有get获取一条，put，patch修改，delete删除
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, \
UpdateModelMixin
from rest_framework.generics import CreateAPIView, ListAPIView, ListCreateAPIView
from rest_framework.generics import UpdateAPIView, RetrieveAPIView, DestroyAPIView, RetrieveUpdateAPIView, \
RetrieveDestroyAPIView, RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView
# class CreateListGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView, CreateModelMixin, ListModelMixin):
# def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
#
# def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
# class BookGenericView(CreateListGenericAPIView):
# queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
# serializer_class = serializer.BookModelSerializer
# class BookGenericView(ListAPIView): # 仅新增
# class BookGenericView(ListCreateAPIView): # 新增和查询多条
# class BookDetailGenericAPIView(RetrieveAPIView): # 查询一条
# class BookDetailGenericAPIView(RetrieveAPIView,UpdateAPIView): # 查询一条和修改
class BookDetailGenericAPIView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): # 查询一条，修改，删除
queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializer.BookModelSerializer
'''
# 视图集
'''
# 继承ModelViewSet，有5个接口
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from rest_framework.viewsets import ReadOnlyModelViewSet # 只有查询（只读）
class BookSetView(ModelViewSet):
queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializer.BookModelSerializer
# ViewSetMixin：视图类中的方法名，可以自定义，只需要路由映射正确
from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSetMixin,ViewSet
# class BookView(ViewSetMixin,APIView):
class BookView(ViewSet): # ViewSet继承了ViewSetMixin，ViewSetMixin中重写了as_view()方法
def lqz(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
print(self.action) # 继承ViewSet后才有self.action属性
return Response('lqz')
def egon(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('egon')
# 在urls.py中:
# path('books_mix/', views.BookView.as_view({'get':'lqz'})),
# path('books_mix2/', views.BookView.as_view({'get':'egon'})),
'''
# 自动生成路由
'''
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from rest_framework.decorators import action
class BookSetView(ModelViewSet):
queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializer.BookModelSerializer
@action(methods=['get'], detail=True) # detail=True时自动生成的路由：^books/(?P<pk>[^/.]+)/login/$ [name='book-login']
def login(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
print(args)
print(kwargs)
return Response('login successfully')
@action(methods=['post'], detail=False) # detail=False时自动生成的路由：^books/register/$ [name='book-register']
def register(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
print(args)
print(kwargs)
return Response('register successfully')
'''
标签：GenericAPIView,get,self,request,day85,kwargs,class 来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/bronya/p/13938889.html