.net core 前后端分离之接口数据传输加密
作者：互联网
本文主要介绍以非对称加密+对称加密结合的方式对post请求的接口数据进行加密。
实现思路
- 前端对post请求接口进行加密，先用非对称加密方式（RSA）加密对称加密的密钥，然后对称加密（AES）数据包。
- 后台在过滤器中进行数据包解密操作。
一.前端加密
- 此处以vue为例，只针对post请求
- vue需要引入JSEncrypt
let data = parameter.data;
let suijiNum = randomNumber();
data = JSON.stringify(data);
console.log("原始数据:" + data);
data = encrypt(data, suijiNum);//非对称方式加密数据体
data = Qs.stringify({data});
axios.post(parameter.url, data, { headers: { 'token': encrypt(getToken(), suijiNum), "aeskey": rsaEncryp(suijiNum) } })
.then(res => {
if (res.data.statusCode != 200) {
if (res.data.statusCode == 401) {
Message({
message: '登录信息已过期,请重新登录',
type: 'error',
duration: 5 * 1000
});
setTimeout(_ => {
store.dispatch('LogOut').then(() => {
location.reload() // 为了重新实例化vue- router对象避免bug
})
}, 3000)
} else {
Message({
message: res.data.msg,
type: 'error',
duration: 5 * 1000
});
}
} else {
parameter.fun(res);
}
})
.catch(err => {
console.log(err);
Message({
message: err.message,
type: 'error',
duration: 5 * 1000
});
});
}
- 辅助代码
function rsaEncryp(data) {
let encryption = new JSEncrypt()
encryption.setPublicKey('MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAoQh0wEqx/R2H1v00IU12Oc30fosRC/frhH89L6G+fzeaqI19MYQhEPMU13wpeqRONCUta+2iC1sgCNQ9qGGf19yGdZUfueaB1Nu9rdueQKXgVurGHJ+5N71UFm+OP1XcnFUCK4wT5d7ZIifXxuqLehP9Ts6sNjhVfa+yU+VjF5HoIe69OJEPo7OxRZcRTe17khc93Ic+PfyqswQJJlY/bgpcLJQnM+QuHmxNtF7/FpAx9YEQsShsGpVo7JaKgLo+s6AFoJ4QldQKir2vbN9vcKRbG3piElPilWDpjXQkOJZhUloh/jd7QrKFimZFldJ1r6Q59QYUyGKZARUe0KZpMQIDAQAB')
let newData = encryption.encrypt(data)
return newData
}
function randomNumber() {
return (('0000000000000000' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 9999999999999999)).slice(-16));
}
二.后台解密
(1).后台在过滤器中对数据进行解密操作，创建过滤器DataDecryptFilter。
首先用私钥解密对称加密的密钥aeskey，然后再用aeskey去解密数据体
/// <summary>
/// 数据解密过滤器
/// 前端只对post请求接口进行加密（先用非对称加密方式（RSA）加密对称加密的密钥，然后对称加密（AES）数据包）
/// create by LiuCheng 2019.5.29
/// </summary>
public class DataDecryptFilter : ActionFilterAttribute
{
public override async Task OnActionExecutionAsync(ActionExecutingContext context, ActionExecutionDelegate next)
{
var noEncrypt = ConfigHelper.GetSectionValue("NoEncrypt");//白名单
var method = context.HttpContext.Request.Method;
if (method == "POST" && !noEncrypt.Contains(context.HttpContext.Request.Path))
{
string aeskey = context.HttpContext.Request.Headers["aeskey"];
if (aeskey.Length > 36)//判断aeskey是否已经解密，若未解密则先进行解密操作
{
var rsaHelper = new RSAHelper(RSAType.RSA2, Encoding.UTF8);
aeskey = rsaHelper.Decrypt(aeskey);
}
//解密数据包
var data = context.HttpContext.Request.Form.FirstOrDefault().Value;
var dataJson = AESHelper.AesDecrypt(data, aeskey);
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(dataJson))
{
context.Result = AjaxHelper.JsonResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, " 数据请求不合法！");
return;
}
if (context.ActionArguments.Values.Count > 0)
{
//-----------model接收模式----------//
var type = context.ActionArguments.Values.ToList()[0].GetType();
PropertyInfo[] ps = type.GetProperties();
var model = context.ActionArguments.Values.ToList()[0];
var dy = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(dataJson, type);
var type2 = dy.GetType();
PropertyInfo[] ps2 = type2.GetProperties();
foreach (PropertyInfo i in ps)
{
foreach (PropertyInfo i2 in ps2)
{
var value = i2.GetValue(dy, null);
if (i.Name == i2.Name && value != null)
{
i.SetValue(model, value, null);
}
}
}
}
else
{
//-----------变量接收模式----------//
var dy = (JObject)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(dataJson);
var parameterslist = context.ActionDescriptor.Parameters.ToList();
foreach (var item in parameterslist)
{
if (dy[item.Name] == null)
continue;
var vaule = ConvertObject(dy[item.Name].ToString(), item.ParameterType);
context.ActionArguments.Add(item.Name, vaule);
}
}
}
await base.OnActionExecutionAsync(context, next);
}
/// <summary>
/// 将一个对象转换为指定类型
/// </summary>
/// <param name="obj">待转换的对象</param>
/// <param name="type">目标类型</param>
/// <returns>转换后的对象</returns>
private object ConvertObject(object obj, Type type)
{
if (type == null) return obj;
if (obj == null) return type.IsValueType ? Activator.CreateInstance(type) : null;
Type underlyingType = Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(type);
if (type.IsAssignableFrom(obj.GetType())) // 如果待转换对象的类型与目标类型兼容，则无需转换
{
return obj;
}
else if ((underlyingType ?? type).IsEnum) // 如果待转换的对象的基类型为枚举
{
if (underlyingType != null && string.IsNullOrEmpty(obj.ToString())) // 如果目标类型为可空枚举，并且待转换对象为null 则直接返回null值
{
return null;
}
else
{
return Enum.Parse(underlyingType ?? type, obj.ToString());
}
}
else if (typeof(IConvertible).IsAssignableFrom(underlyingType ?? type)) // 如果目标类型的基类型实现了IConvertible，则直接转换
{
try
{
return Convert.ChangeType(obj, underlyingType ?? type, null);
}
catch
{
return underlyingType == null ? Activator.CreateInstance(type) : null;
}
}
else
{
TypeConverter converter = TypeDescriptor.GetConverter(type);
if (converter.CanConvertFrom(obj.GetType()))
{
return converter.ConvertFrom(obj);
}
ConstructorInfo constructor = type.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes);
if (constructor != null)
{
object o = constructor.Invoke(null);
PropertyInfo[] propertys = type.GetProperties();
Type oldType = obj.GetType();
foreach (PropertyInfo property in propertys)
{
PropertyInfo p = oldType.GetProperty(property.Name);
if (property.CanWrite && p != null && p.CanRead)
{
property.SetValue(o, ConvertObject(p.GetValue(obj, null), property.PropertyType), null);
}
}
return o;
}
}
return obj;
}
}
(2).对称加密工具类
/// <summary>
/// 对称加密
/// </summary>
public class AESHelper
{
/// <summary>
/// AES加密
/// </summary>
/// <param name="str"></param>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string AesEncrypt(string str, string key)
{
string result;
try
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(str))
{
result = null;
}
else
{
byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str);
RijndaelManaged rijndaelManaged = new RijndaelManaged
{
Key = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(key),
Mode = CipherMode.ECB,
Padding = PaddingMode.PKCS7
};
ICryptoTransform cryptoTransform = rijndaelManaged.CreateEncryptor();
byte[] array = cryptoTransform.TransformFinalBlock(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
result = Convert.ToBase64String(array, 0, array.Length);
return result;
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
result = null;
System.Console.WriteLine(ex);
}
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// AES解密
/// </summary>
/// <param name="str"></param>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string AesDecrypt(string str, string key)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(str))
{
return null;
}
string result;
try
{
byte[] array = Convert.FromBase64String(str);
RijndaelManaged rijndaelManaged = new RijndaelManaged
{
Key = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(key),
Mode = CipherMode.ECB,
Padding = PaddingMode.PKCS7
};
ICryptoTransform cryptoTransform = rijndaelManaged.CreateDecryptor();
byte[] bytes = cryptoTransform.TransformFinalBlock(array, 0, array.Length);
result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
result = null;
Console.WriteLine(ex);
}
return result;
}
}
(3).非对称加密工具类
/// <summary>
/// 非对称加密
/// </summary>
public class RSAHelper
{
private readonly RSA _privateKeyRsaProvider;
private readonly RSA _publicKeyRsaProvider;
private readonly HashAlgorithmName _hashAlgorithmName;
private readonly Encoding _encoding;
private readonly string privateKey = ConfigHelper.GetSectionValue("privateKey");
private readonly string publicKey = ConfigHelper.GetSectionValue("publicKey");
/// <summary>
/// 实例化RSAHelper
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rsaType">加密算法类型 RSA SHA1;RSA2 SHA256 密钥长度至少为2048</param>
/// <param name="encoding">编码类型</param>
public RSAHelper(RSAType rsaType, Encoding encoding)
{
_encoding = encoding;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(privateKey))
{
_privateKeyRsaProvider = CreateRsaProviderFromPrivateKey(privateKey);
}
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(publicKey))
{
_publicKeyRsaProvider = CreateRsaProviderFromPublicKey(publicKey);
}
_hashAlgorithmName = rsaType == RSAType.RSA ? HashAlgorithmName.SHA1 : HashAlgorithmName.SHA256;
}
#region 使用私钥签名
/// <summary>
/// 使用私钥签名
/// </summary>
/// <param name="data">原始数据</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public string Sign(string data)
{
byte[] dataBytes = _encoding.GetBytes(data);
var signatureBytes = _privateKeyRsaProvider.SignData(dataBytes, _hashAlgorithmName, RSASignaturePadding.Pkcs1);
return Convert.ToBase64String(signatureBytes);
}
#endregion
#region 使用公钥验证签名
/// <summary>
/// 使用公钥验证签名
/// </summary>
/// <param name="data">原始数据</param>
/// <param name="sign">签名</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool Verify(string data, string sign)
{
byte[] dataBytes = _encoding.GetBytes(data);
byte[] signBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(sign);
var verify = _publicKeyRsaProvider.VerifyData(dataBytes, signBytes, _hashAlgorithmName, RSASignaturePadding.Pkcs1);
return verify;
}
#endregion
#region 解密
public string Decrypt(string cipherText)
{
if (_privateKeyRsaProvider == null)
{
throw new Exception("_privateKeyRsaProvider is null");
}
return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(_privateKeyRsaProvider.Decrypt(Convert.FromBase64String(cipherText), RSAEncryptionPadding.Pkcs1));
}
#endregion
#region 加密
public string Encrypt(string text)
{
if (_publicKeyRsaProvider == null)
{
throw new Exception("_publicKeyRsaProvider is null");
}
return Convert.ToBase64String(_publicKeyRsaProvider.Encrypt(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(text), RSAEncryptionPadding.Pkcs1));
}
#endregion
#region 使用私钥创建RSA实例
public RSA CreateRsaProviderFromPrivateKey(string privateKey)
{
var privateKeyBits = Convert.FromBase64String(privateKey);
var rsa = RSA.Create();
var rsaParameters = new RSAParameters();
using (BinaryReader binr = new BinaryReader(new MemoryStream(privateKeyBits)))
{
byte bt = 0;
ushort twobytes = 0;
twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();
if (twobytes == 0x8130)
binr.ReadByte();
else if (twobytes == 0x8230)
binr.ReadInt16();
else
throw new Exception("Unexpected value read binr.ReadUInt16()");
twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();
if (twobytes != 0x0102)
throw new Exception("Unexpected version");
bt = binr.ReadByte();
if (bt != 0x00)
throw new Exception("Unexpected value read binr.ReadByte()");
rsaParameters.Modulus = binr.ReadBytes(GetIntegerSize(binr));
rsaParameters.Exponent = binr.ReadBytes(GetIntegerSize(binr));
rsaParameters.D = binr.ReadBytes(GetIntegerSize(binr));
rsaParameters.P = binr.ReadBytes(GetIntegerSize(binr));
rsaParameters.Q = binr.ReadBytes(GetIntegerSize(binr));
rsaParameters.DP = binr.ReadBytes(GetIntegerSize(binr));
rsaParameters.DQ = binr.ReadBytes(GetIntegerSize(binr));
rsaParameters.InverseQ = binr.ReadBytes(GetIntegerSize(binr));
}
rsa.ImportParameters(rsaParameters);
return rsa;
}
#endregion
#region 使用公钥创建RSA实例
public RSA CreateRsaProviderFromPublicKey(string publicKeyString)
{
// encoded OID sequence for PKCS #1 rsaEncryption szOID_RSA_RSA = "1.2.840.113549.1.1.1"
byte[] seqOid = { 0x30, 0x0D, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2A, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xF7, 0x0D, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00 };
byte[] seq = new byte[15];
var x509Key = Convert.FromBase64String(publicKeyString);
// --------- Set up stream to read the asn.1 encoded SubjectPublicKeyInfo blob ------
using (MemoryStream mem = new MemoryStream(x509Key))
{
using (BinaryReader binr = new BinaryReader(mem)) //wrap Memory Stream with BinaryReader for easy reading
{
byte bt = 0;
ushort twobytes = 0;
twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();
if (twobytes == 0x8130) //data read as little endian order (actual data order for Sequence is 30 81)
binr.ReadByte(); //advance 1 byte
else if (twobytes == 0x8230)
binr.ReadInt16(); //advance 2 bytes
else
return null;
seq = binr.ReadBytes(15); //read the Sequence OID
if (!CompareBytearrays(seq, seqOid)) //make sure Sequence for OID is correct
return null;
twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();
if (twobytes == 0x8103) //data read as little endian order (actual data order for Bit String is 03 81)
binr.ReadByte(); //advance 1 byte
else if (twobytes == 0x8203)
binr.ReadInt16(); //advance 2 bytes
else
return null;
bt = binr.ReadByte();
if (bt != 0x00) //expect null byte next
return null;
twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();
if (twobytes == 0x8130) //data read as little endian order (actual data order for Sequence is 30 81)
binr.ReadByte(); //advance 1 byte
else if (twobytes == 0x8230)
binr.ReadInt16(); //advance 2 bytes
else
return null;
twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();
byte lowbyte = 0x00;
byte highbyte = 0x00;
if (twobytes == 0x8102) //data read as little endian order (actual data order for Integer is 02 81)
lowbyte = binr.ReadByte(); // read next bytes which is bytes in modulus
else if (twobytes == 0x8202)
{
highbyte = binr.ReadByte(); //advance 2 bytes
lowbyte = binr.ReadByte();
}
else
return null;
byte[] modint = { lowbyte, highbyte, 0x00, 0x00 }; //reverse byte order since asn.1 key uses big endian order
int modsize = BitConverter.ToInt32(modint, 0);
int firstbyte = binr.PeekChar();
if (firstbyte == 0x00)
{ //if first byte (highest order) of modulus is zero, don't include it
binr.ReadByte(); //skip this null byte
modsize -= 1; //reduce modulus buffer size by 1
}
byte[] modulus = binr.ReadBytes(modsize); //read the modulus bytes
if (binr.ReadByte() != 0x02) //expect an Integer for the exponent data
return null;
int expbytes = (int)binr.ReadByte(); // should only need one byte for actual exponent data (for all useful values)
byte[] exponent = binr.ReadBytes(expbytes);
// ------- create RSACryptoServiceProvider instance and initialize with public key -----
var rsa = RSA.Create();
RSAParameters rsaKeyInfo = new RSAParameters
{
Modulus = modulus,
Exponent = exponent
};
rsa.ImportParameters(rsaKeyInfo);
return rsa;
}
}
}
#endregion
#region 导入密钥算法
private int GetIntegerSize(BinaryReader binr)
{
byte bt = 0;
int count = 0;
bt = binr.ReadByte();
if (bt != 0x02)
return 0;
bt = binr.ReadByte();
if (bt == 0x81)
count = binr.ReadByte();
else
if (bt == 0x82)
{
var highbyte = binr.ReadByte();
var lowbyte = binr.ReadByte();
byte[] modint = { lowbyte, highbyte, 0x00, 0x00 };
count = BitConverter.ToInt32(modint, 0);
}
else
{
count = bt;
}
while (binr.ReadByte() == 0x00)
{
count -= 1;
}
binr.BaseStream.Seek(-1, SeekOrigin.Current);
return count;
}
private bool CompareBytearrays(byte[] a, byte[] b)
{
if (a.Length != b.Length)
return false;
int i = 0;
foreach (byte c in a)
{
if (c != b[i])
return false;
i++;
}
return true;
}
#endregion
}
/// <summary>
/// RSA算法类型
/// </summary>
public enum RSAType
{
/// <summary>
/// SHA1
/// </summary>
RSA = 0,
/// <summary>
/// RSA2 密钥长度至少为2048
/// SHA256
/// </summary>
RSA2
}
(4).appsettings.json配置密钥
"publicKey": "MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAoQh0wEqx/R2H1v00IU12Oc30fosRC/frhH89L6G+fzeaqI19MYQhEPMU13wpeqRONCUta+2iC1sgCNQ9qGGf19yGdZUfueaB1Nu9rdueQKXgVurGHJ+5N71UFm+OP1XcnFUCK4wT5d7ZIifXxuqLehP9Ts6sNjhVfa+yU+VjF5HoIe69OJEPo7OxRZcRTe17khc93Ic+PfyqswQJJlY/bgpcLJQnM+QuHmxNtF7/FpAx9YEQsShsGpVo7JaKgLo+s6AFoJ4QldQKir2vbN9vcKRbG3piElPilWDpjXQkOJZhUloh/jd7QrKFimZFldJ1r6Q59QYUyGKZARUe0KZpMQIDAQAB",
"privateKey": "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",
三.Startup配置
五个半橙子
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