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国外大神制作的一个很棒的matplotlib 可视化教程

作者:互联网

 

国外大神制作的一个很棒的matplotlib 可视化教程

 

参考:https://www.machinelearningplus.com/plots/top-50-matplotlib-visualizations-the-master-plots-python/

 

♔一:关联

♔二:偏差

♔三:排行

♔四:分配

♔五:组成

♔六:更改

♔七:组

11 散点图 Scatteplot

Scatteplot 是用于研究两个变量之间关系的经典和基本图。如果数据中有多个组,则可能需要以不同颜色可视化每个组。在Matplotlib,你可以方便地使用。

# Import dataset 
%matplotlib
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
from matplotlib import patches
from matplotlib import font_manager as fm
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from scipy.spatial import ConvexHull
import seaborn as sns

import warnings; warnings.simplefilter('ignore')


midwest = pd.read_csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/midwest_filter.csv")

zhongwen_font = fm.FontProperties(fname='C:\Windows\Fonts\华文楷体.ttf') 


# Step 1: 准备数据 
# 创建尽可能多的颜色,因为有独特的midwest['category']
categories = np.unique(midwest['category'])
colors = [plt.cm.tab10(i/float(len(categories)-1)) for i in range(len(categories))]

# Step 2:为每个类别绘制图形
plt.figure(figsize=(16, 10), dpi= 80, facecolor='w', edgecolor='k')

for i, category in enumerate(categories):
    plt.scatter('area', 'poptotal', 
                data=midwest.loc[midwest.category==category, :], 
                s=20, c=colors[i], label=str(category))

# Step 3:展示优化:设置图例等
plt.gca().set(xlim=(0.0, 0.1), ylim=(0, 90000),
              xlabel='地区', ylabel='人口')

plt.xticks(fontsize=12, fontproperties = zhongwen_font)
plt.yticks(fontsize=12, fontproperties = zhongwen_font)
plt.title("中西部地区人口分布图", fontsize=22, fontproperties = zhongwen_font)

plt.legend(fontsize=12, prop = zhongwen_font)    
plt.show()  

 

2. 带边界的气泡图

有时,您希望在边界内显示一组点以强调其重要性。在此示例中,您将从应该被环绕的数据帧中获取记录,并将其传递给下面的代码中描述的记录。encircle()

%matplotlib
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
from matplotlib import patches
from matplotlib import font_manager as fm
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from scipy.spatial import ConvexHull
from matplotlib import patches

import seaborn as sns


import warnings; warnings.simplefilter('ignore')
sns.set_style("white")

# S1: 准备数据
midwest = pd.read_csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/midwest_filter.csv")

zhongwen_font = fm.FontProperties(fname='C:\Windows\Fonts\simsun.ttc') 

# 创建尽可能多的颜色,因为有独特的midwest['category']y']
categories = np.unique(midwest['category'])
colors = [plt.cm.tab10(i/float(len(categories)-1)) for i in range(len(categories))]

# S2: 为每个类别绘制图形
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(16, 10), dpi= 80, facecolor='w', edgecolor='k')    

for i, category in enumerate(categories):
    plt.scatter('area', 'poptotal', data=midwest.loc[midwest.category==category, :], s='dot_size', c=colors[i], label=str(category), edgecolors='black', linewidths=.5)

# S3: 边界
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44575681/how-do-i-encircle-different-data-sets-in-scatter-plot
def encircle(x,y, ax=None, **kw):
    if not ax: ax=plt.gca()
    p = np.c_[x,y]
    hull = ConvexHull(p)
    poly = plt.Polygon(p[hull.vertices,:], **kw)
    ax.add_patch(poly)

# 选择要包围的数据
midwest_encircle_data = midwest.loc[midwest.state=='IN', :]                         

# 围绕顶点绘图   
encircle(midwest_encircle_data.area, midwest_encircle_data.poptotal, ec="k", fc="gold", alpha=0.1)
encircle(midwest_encircle_data.area, midwest_encircle_data.poptotal, ec="firebrick", fc="none", linewidth=1.5)

# S4: 优化图例
plt.gca().set(xlim=(0.0, 0.1), ylim=(0, 90000),
              xlabel='Area', ylabel='Population')

plt.xticks(fontsize=12, fontproperties = zhongwen_font)
plt.yticks(fontsize=12, fontproperties = zhongwen_font)
plt.title("气泡图", fontsize=22, fontproperties = zhongwen_font)
plt.legend(fontsize=12, prop = zhongwen_font)    
plt.show()   

 

 

3. 带线性回归最佳拟合线的散点图

如果你想了解两个变量如何相互改变,那么最合适的线就是要走的路。下图显示了数据中各组之间最佳拟合线的差异。要禁用分组并仅为整个数据集绘制一条最佳拟合线,请从下面的调用中删除该参数。

# Import dataset 
%matplotlib
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
from matplotlib import patches
from matplotlib import font_manager as fm
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from scipy.spatial import ConvexHull
import seaborn as sns

import warnings; warnings.simplefilter('ignore')
# S1 : 数据
df = pd.read_csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/mpg_ggplot2.csv")
zhongwen_font = fm.FontProperties(fname='C:\Windows\Fonts\simsun.ttc') 

df_select = df.loc[df.cyl.isin([4,8]), :]

# S2 : 作图
sns.set_style("white")
gridobj = sns.lmplot(x="displ", y="hwy", hue="cyl", data=df_select, 
                     aspect=1.6, robust=True, palette='tab10', 
                     scatter_kws=dict(s=60, linewidths=.7, edgecolors='black'))

# S3 :优化
gridobj.set(xlim=(0.5, 7.5), ylim=(0, 50))
plt.title("带线性回归最佳拟合线的散点图", fontsize=20, fontproperties = zhongwen_font)
plt.show()

 

每个回归线都在自己的列中

或者,您可以在其自己的列中显示每个组的最佳拟合线。你可以通过在里面设置参数来实现这一点。

# Import Data
df = pd.read_csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/mpg_ggplot2.csv")
df_select = df.loc[df.cyl.isin([4,8]), :]

# Each line in its own column
sns.set_style("white")
gridobj = sns.lmplot(x="displ", y="hwy", 
                     data=df_select, 
                     height=7, 
                     robust=True, 
                     palette='Set1', 
                     col="cyl",
                     scatter_kws=dict(s=60, linewidths=.7, edgecolors='black'))

# Decorations
gridobj.set(xlim=(0.5, 7.5), ylim=(0, 50))
plt.show()

 

 

4. 抖动图 Stripplot

通常,多个数据点具有完全相同的X和Y值。结果,多个点相互绘制并隐藏。为避免这种情况,请稍微抖动点,以便您可以直观地看到它们。这很方便使用

%matplotlib
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
from matplotlib import patches
from matplotlib import font_manager as fm
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from scipy.spatial import ConvexHull
from matplotlib import patches

import seaborn as sns


import warnings; warnings.simplefilter('ignore')

# S1:数据
df = pd.read_csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/mpg_ggplot2.csv")
zhongwen_font = fm.FontProperties(fname='C:\Windows\Fonts\simsun.ttc') 

# S2:作图
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(16,10), dpi= 80)    
sns.stripplot(df.cty, df.hwy, jitter=0.25, size=8, ax=ax, linewidth=.5)

# S3:优化
plt.title('使用抖动图避免点重叠', fontsize=22, fontproperties = zhongwen_font)
plt.show()

 

 

  1. 相关图

Correlogram用于直观地查看给定数据帧(或2D数组)中所有可能的数值变量对之间的相关度量。

%matplotlib
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
from matplotlib import patches
from matplotlib import font_manager as fm
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from scipy.spatial import ConvexHull
from matplotlib import patches

import seaborn as sns


import warnings; warnings.simplefilter('ignore')


# S1: 数据
df = pd.read_csv("https://github.com/selva86/datasets/raw/master/mtcars.csv")
zhongwen_font = fm.FontProperties(fname='C:\Windows\Fonts\simsun.ttc') 

# S2: plot 作图
plt.figure(figsize=(12,10), dpi= 80)
sns.heatmap(df.corr(), xticklabels=df.corr().columns, yticklabels=df.corr().columns, cmap='RdYlGn', center=0, annot=True)

# S3: 图例优化
plt.title('相关图', fontsize=22, fontproperties = zhongwen_font)
plt.xticks(fontsize=12)
plt.yticks(fontsize=12)
plt.show()

 

 

9. 矩阵图

成对图是探索性分析中的最爱,以理解所有可能的数字变量对之间的关系。它是双变量分析的必备工具。

%matplotlib
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
from matplotlib import patches
from matplotlib import font_manager as fm
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from scipy.spatial import ConvexHull
from matplotlib import patches

import seaborn as sns


import warnings; warnings.simplefilter('ignore')

# Load Dataset
df = sns.load_dataset('iris')

# Plot
plt.figure(figsize=(10,8), dpi= 80)
sns.pairplot(df, kind="scatter", hue="species", plot_kws=dict(s=80, edgecolor="white", linewidth=2.5))
plt.show()

 

 

23. 直方密度线图

带有直方图的密度曲线将两个图表传达的集体信息汇集在一起,这样您就可以将它们放在一个图形而不是两个图形中。

%matplotlib
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
from matplotlib import patches
from matplotlib import font_manager as fm
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from scipy.spatial import ConvexHull
from matplotlib import patches

import seaborn as sns


import warnings; warnings.simplefilter('ignore')

# S1:数据
df = pd.read_csv("https://github.com/selva86/datasets/raw/master/mpg_ggplot2.csv")
zhongwen_font = fm.FontProperties(fname='C:\Windows\Fonts\simsun.ttc') 

# S2:作图
plt.figure(figsize=(13,10), dpi= 80)
sns.distplot(df.loc[df['class'] == 'compact', "cty"], color="dodgerblue", label="Compact", hist_kws={'alpha':.7}, kde_kws={'linewidth':3})
sns.distplot(df.loc[df['class'] == 'suv', "cty"], color="orange", label="SUV", hist_kws={'alpha':.7}, kde_kws={'linewidth':3})
sns.distplot(df.loc[df['class'] == 'minivan', "cty"], color="g", label="minivan", hist_kws={'alpha':.7}, kde_kws={'linewidth':3})
plt.ylim(0, 0.35)

# S3:图例
plt.title('不同车型类型城市里程密度图', fontsize=22, fontproperties = zhongwen_font)
plt.legend()
plt.show()

 

 

45. 日历热力图

与时间序列相比,日历映射是可视化基于时间的数据的备选和不太优选的选项。虽然可以在视觉上吸引人,但数值并不十分明显。然而,它可以很好地描绘极端值和假日效果。

import matplotlib as mpl
import calmap as calmap

# S1:数据
df = pd.read_csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/yahoo.csv", parse_dates=['date'])
df.set_index('date', inplace=True)

# S2:绘图
plt.figure(figsize=(16,10), dpi= 80)
calmap.calendarplot(df['2014']['VIX.Close'], fig_kws={'figsize': (16,10)}, yearlabel_kws={'color':'black', 'fontsize':14}, subplot_kws={'title':'Yahoo Stock Prices'})
plt.show()

 

 

 

 

by : 一只阿木木

标签:plt,很棒,matplotlib,df,可视化,import,font,midwest
来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/yizhiamumu/p/11850019.html