Android Instrumented单元测试中的上下文和资源
作者：互联网
我正在设计一个带有一些不太简单的类的系统,这些类需要一个Context对象才能对其进行初始化.这些类使用第三方类,它们也需要上下文初始化.该类还利用上下文加载功能所需的许多字符串资源.
问题在于为这些类编写仪表单元测试.当我尝试使用InstrumentationRegistry.getContext()获取用于测试的Context对象时,遇到了一个异常,即上下文找不到与该类关联的字符串资源(android.content.res.Resources $NotFoundException).
我的问题是：如何设计这些测试,以便上下文可以检索所需的字符串资源,还可以用作第三方类的合适上下文对象？我只能做很多模拟工作,因为其中一些类会处理auth令牌,这很难模拟.在Android域中,我不是唯一一个遇到此问题的人,所以我敢肯定,对于这个普遍存在的问题,有一个通用的解决方案.
编辑：
如建议的那样,我尝试将Robolectric(版本3.3.2)集成到我的项目中,但是,当我尝试运行单元测试时,遇到以下错误：
Error:Error converting bytecode to dex:
Cause: Dex cannot parse version 52 byte code.
This is caused by library dependencies that have been compiled using Java 8 or above.
If you are using the 'java' gradle plugin in a library submodule add
targetCompatibility = '1.7'
sourceCompatibility = '1.7'
to that submodule's build.gradle file.
我试图将targetCompatibility和sourceCompatibility行添加到我的gradle文件中(在几个位置)无济于事.
这是我的手机build.gradle：
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'checkstyle'
apply plugin: 'io.fabric'
project.ext {
supportLibVersion = '25.3.0'
multiDexSupportVersion = '1.0.1'
gsonVersion = '2.8.0'
retrofitVersion = '2.2.0'
daggerVersion = '2.4'
butterKnifeVersion = '8.5.1'
eventBusVersion = '3.0.0'
awsCoreServicesVersion = '2.2.+'
twitterKitVersion = '2.3.2@aar'
facebookVersion = '4.+'
crashlyticsVersion = '2.6.7@aar'
autoValueVersion = '1.2'
autoValueParcelVersion = '0.2.5'
autoValueGsonVersion = '0.4.4'
permissionDispatcher = '2.2.0'
testRunnerVersion = '0.5'
espressoVersion = '2.2.2'
junitVersion = '4.12'
roboelectricVersion = '3.3.2'
}
def gitSha = exec('git rev-parse --short HEAD', "unknown");
def gitCommitCount = 100 + Integer.parseInt(exec('git rev-list --count HEAD', "-1"))
def gitTag = exec('git describe --tags', stringify(gitCommitCount))
def gitTimestamp = exec('git log -n 1 --format=%at', -1)
def appId = "com.example.myapp"
def isCi = "true".equals(System.getenv("CI"))
// Uncomment if you wish to enable Jack & Java8
// apply from: 'jack.gradle'
// Uncomment if you wish to enable Sonar
//apply from: 'sonar.gradle'
android {
compileSdkVersion 25
buildToolsVersion "25.0.2"
defaultConfig {
applicationId appId
minSdkVersion 16
targetSdkVersion 25
multiDexEnabled = true
versionCode gitCommitCount
versionName gitTag
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
buildConfigField 'String', 'GIT_SHA', "\"${gitSha}\""
buildConfigField 'long', 'GIT_TIMESTAMP', "${gitTimestamp}L"
}
buildTypes {
debug {
applicationIdSuffix '.debug'
}
release {
minifyEnabled true
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
qa.initWith(buildTypes.release)
qa {
applicationIdSuffix '.qa'
debuggable true
}
}
lintOptions {
abortOnError false
}
applicationVariants.all { variant ->
def strictMode = !variant.name.equals("release")
buildConfigField 'boolean', 'STRICT_MODE_ENABLED', "${strictMode}"
}
}
configurations.all {
resolutionStrategy {
force "com.android.support:support-annotations:$supportLibVersion"
force "com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.4.1"
force "com.squareup:okio:1.9.0"
force "com.google.guava:guava:19.0"
}
}
dependencies {
compile "com.android.support:appcompat-v7:$supportLibVersion"
compile "com.android.support:design:$supportLibVersion"
compile "com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:$supportLibVersion"
compile "com.android.support:cardview-v7:$supportLibVersion"
compile "com.android.support:multidex:$multiDexSupportVersion"
compile "com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:$retrofitVersion"
compile "com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:$retrofitVersion"
compile 'com.jakewharton.retrofit:retrofit2-rxjava2-adapter:1.0.0'
compile "com.google.dagger:dagger:$daggerVersion"
annotationProcessor "com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:$daggerVersion"
provided 'javax.annotation:jsr250-api:1.0'
compile 'com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:3.7.0'
compile 'com.jakewharton.timber:timber:4.3.1'
compile "com.jakewharton:butterknife:$butterKnifeVersion"
annotationProcessor "com.jakewharton:butterknife-compiler:$butterKnifeVersion"
compile "org.greenrobot:eventbus:$eventBusVersion"
annotationProcessor "org.greenrobot:eventbus:$eventBusVersion"
compile 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.0.0'
debugCompile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:3.4.2'
compile "com.google.auto.value:auto-value:$autoValueVersion"
annotationProcessor "com.google.auto.value:auto-value:$autoValueVersion"
compile "com.ryanharter.auto.value:auto-value-parcel-adapter:$autoValueParcelVersion"
annotationProcessor "com.ryanharter.auto.value:auto-value-parcel:$autoValueParcelVersion"
compile "com.github.hotchemi:permissionsdispatcher:$permissionDispatcher"
annotationProcessor "com.github.hotchemi:permissionsdispatcher-processor:$permissionDispatcher"
compile("com.crashlytics.sdk.android:crashlytics:$crashlyticsVersion") {
transitive = true;
}
compile("com.twitter.sdk.android:twitter:$twitterKitVersion") {
transitive = true
}
compile "com.facebook.android:facebook-android-sdk:$facebookVersion"
compile "com.amazonaws:aws-android-sdk-core:$awsCoreServicesVersion"
annotationProcessor "com.amazonaws:aws-android-sdk-core:$awsCoreServicesVersion"
compile "com.amazonaws:aws-android-sdk-apigateway-core:$awsCoreServicesVersion"
annotationProcessor "com.amazonaws:aws-android-sdk-apigateway-core:$awsCoreServicesVersion"
compile "com.amazonaws:aws-android-sdk-cognito:$awsCoreServicesVersion"
annotationProcessor "com.amazonaws:aws-android-sdk-cognito:$awsCoreServicesVersion"
compile "com.amazonaws:aws-android-sdk-cognitoidentityprovider:$awsCoreServicesVersion"
annotationProcessor "com.amazonaws:aws-android-sdk-cognitoidentityprovider:$awsCoreServicesVersion"
compile "com.amazonaws:aws-android-sdk-lambda:$awsCoreServicesVersion"
annotationProcessor "com.amazonaws:aws-android-sdk-lambda:$awsCoreServicesVersion"
compile "com.amazonaws:aws-android-sdk-sns:$awsCoreServicesVersion"
annotationProcessor "com.amazonaws:aws-android-sdk-sns:$awsCoreServicesVersion"
androidTestCompile "junit:junit:$junitVersion"
androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test:runner:$testRunnerVersion"
androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test:rules:$testRunnerVersion"
androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-intents:$espressoVersion"
androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:$espressoVersion"
androidTestCompile "com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit-mock:$retrofitVersion"
androidTestCompile "org.robolectric:robolectric:$roboelectricVersion"
testCompile "junit:junit:$junitVersion"
testCompile 'com.google.truth:truth:0.30'
testCompile 'org.hamcrest:hamcrest-all:1.3'
testCompile "org.robolectric:robolectric:$roboelectricVersion"
}
task checkCodingStyle(type: Checkstyle) {
description 'Runs Checkstyle inspection against Android sourcesets.'
group = 'Code Quality'
ignoreFailures = false
showViolations = false
source 'src'
include '**/*.java'
exclude '**/gen/**'
exclude '**/R.java'
exclude '**/BuildConfig.java'
reports {
xml.destination "$project.buildDir/reports/checkstyle/report.xml"
}
classpath = files()
configFile = file("${rootProject.rootDir}/config/checkstyle/checkstyle.xml")
}
def stringify(int versionCode) {
def builder = new StringBuilder();
def dot = ""
String.format("%03d", versionCode).toCharArray().each {
builder.append(dot)
builder.append(it)
dot = "."
}
return builder.toString()
}
def exec(String command, Object fallback = null) {
def cmd = command.execute([], project.rootDir)
cmd.waitFor()
if (cmd.exitValue() != 0) {
if (fallback == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("'$command' failed: $cmd.errorStream.text")
} else {
return fallback
}
}
return cmd.text.trim()
}
if (isCi) {
build.finalizedBy(checkCodingStyle)
}
解决方法:
可接受的答案不是实际的解决方案.在很多情况下,您想测试与真正的Android框架的交互.就像其他存根一样,Robolectric可能会隐藏一些实际问题.
您的问题是您使用的InstrumentationRegistry.getContext()与您的应用程序使用的是不同的.根据文档：
Return the Context of this instrumentation’s package.
并且您应该使用InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext()代替：
Return a Context for the target application being instrumented.
因为它与第一个相反,将可以访问您的资源.
标签：unit-testing,junit,android-resources,android-context,android 来源： https://codeday.me/bug/20191026/1933969.html