动态路由——OSPF虚链路配置 实验篇 （五）
作者：互联网
搭建OSPF虚链路实验
搭建虚链路拓扑图
再GNS 3中拓扑区域添加四台路由设备，两台PC机，使用连接线，连接四台路由设备与两台PC机，并再拓扑图中标注连接接口的IP地址与区域信息，如图所示：
网段划分：
192.168.10.0/24192.168.20.0/24192.168.30.0/24192.168.40.0/24192.168.50.0/24
区域划分：
area 0area 1area 2
Router ID划分：
R1：1.1.1.1R2：2.2.2.2R3：3.3.3.3R4：4.4.4.4
搭建实验：
1、首先开启在GNS 3中开启全部设备，并进入R1路由设备中配置接口IP地址，设置回环网卡，配置OSPF协议。
R1#conf t //进入全局配置模式
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#int f0/0 //进入f0/0接口
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址
R1(config-if)#no shut //开启接口
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:00:50.995: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:00:51.995: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#int f0/1 //进入f0/1接口
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址
R1(config-if)#no shut //开启接口
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:07:41.143: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:07:42.143: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#ex //退出接口模式
R1(config)#int loopback 0 //进入配置回环网卡
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:09:25.479: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 //添加固定回环网卡IP地址
R1(config-if)#no shut //开启接口
R1(config-if)#ex //退出接口模式
R1(config)#router ospf 1 //开启ospf协议，进程号为1
R1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1 //设置宣告Router ID
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 2 //宣告网段信息
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
R1(config-router)#
*Mar 1 00:15:16.883: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on FastEthernet0/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R1(config-router)#ex //退出接口模式2、进入R2路由设置，配置接口IP地址，设置回环网卡，配置OSPF协议。
R2#conf t //进入全局配置模式
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#int f0/0 //进入f0/0接口
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址
R2(config-if)#no shut //开启接口
R2(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:12:37.643: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:12:38.643: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#int f0/1 //进入f0/1接口
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址
R2(config-if)#no shut //开启接口
R2(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:13:06.051: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:13:07.051: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ex //退出接口模式
R2(config)#int loopback 0 //进入配置回环网卡
R2(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:13:54.103: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255 //添加固定回环网卡IP地址
R2(config-if)#no shut //开启接口
R2(config-if)#ex //退出接口模式
R2(config)#router ospf 1 //开启ospf协议，进程号为1
R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2 //设置宣告Router ID
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.20.1 0.0.0.255 area 2 //宣告网段信息
R2(config-router)#
*Mar 1 00:15:16.887: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.30.1 0.0.0.255 area 1
R2(config-router)#ex //退出接口模式3、进入R3路由设置，配置接口IP地址，设置回环网卡，配置OSPF协议。
R3#conf t //进入全局配置模式
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#int f0/0 //进入f0/0接口
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.2 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址
R3(config-if)#no shut //开启接口
R3(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:16:24.835: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:16:25.835: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#int f0/1 //进入f0/1接口
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址
R3(config-if)#no shut //开启接口
R3(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:16:56.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:16:57.135: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#ex //退出接口模式
R3(config)#int loopback 0 //进入配置回环网卡
R3(config-if)#ip
*Mar 1 00:17:10.871: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 //添加固定回环网卡IP地址
R3(config-if)#no shut //开启接口
R3(config-if)#ex //退出接口模式
R3(config)#router ospf 1 //开启ospf协议，进程号为1
R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3 //设置宣告Router ID
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 //宣告网段信息
R3(config-router)#
*Mar 1 00:19:16.383: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R3(config-router)#ex //退出接口模式4、进入R4路由设置，配置接口IP地址，设置回环网卡，配置OSPF协议。
R4#conf t //进入全局配置模式
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R4(config)#int f0/0 //进入f0/0接口
R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.2 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址
R4(config-if)#no shut //开启接口
R4(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:20:26.999: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:20:27.999: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R4(config-if)#int f0/1 //进入f0/1接口
R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.50.1 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址
R4(config-if)#no shut //开启接口
R4(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:20:51.107: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:20:52.107: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R4(config-if)#ex //退出接口模式
R4(config)#int loopback 0 //进入配置回环网卡
R4(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:21:07.103: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up
R4(config-if)#ip add 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255 //添加固定回环网卡IP地址
R4(config-if)#no shut //开启接口
R4(config-if)#ex //退出接口模式
R4(config)#router ospf 1 //开启ospf协议，进程号为1
R4(config-router)#router-id 4.4.4.4 //设置宣告Router ID
R4(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 //宣告网段信息
R4(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0 0.0.0.255 area 05、查看各路由设备路由表信息。
R1(config)#do show ip route //查看R1设备路由表信息
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 //未完全学到全部网段信息R2(config)#do show ip route //查看R2设备路由表信息
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0
C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
O 192.168.10.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.20.1, 00:09:31, FastEthernet0/0
O IA 192.168.40.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.2, 00:05:30, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O IA 192.168.50.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.30.2, 00:02:26, FastEthernet0/1 //成功学习网段信息R3(config)#do show ip route //查看R3设备路由表信息
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0
C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
O 192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.2, 00:02:39, FastEthernet0/1 //未完全学到全部网段信息R4(config)#do show ip route //查看R4设备路由表信息
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
O IA 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.1, 00:02:57, FastEthernet0/0
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C （1） 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0 //添加（1）避免违禁词汇
C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 //未完全学到全部网段信息6、创建R2、R3路由设备中配置虚链路，是所有路由设备可以学到全部网段信息；然后在查看路由设备路由表信息。
R2(config)#router ospf 1 //进入ospf协议
R2(config-router)#area 1 virtual-link 3.3.3.3 //配置虚链路连接R3路由设备R3(config)#router ospf 1 //进入ospf协议
R3(config-router)#area 1 virtual-link 2.2.2.2 //配置虚链路连接R2路由设备
R3(config-router)#
*Mar 1 01:03:14.947: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on OSPF_VL0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading DoneR1(config)#do show ip route //查看R1路由设备路由表信息
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0
O IA 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.20.2, 00:05:19, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O IA 192.168.40.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.20.2, 00:03:36, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
O IA 192.168.50.0/24 [110/40] via 192.168.20.2, 00:03:36, FastEthernet0/1 //成功学习网段信息R3(config)#do show ip route //查看R3路由设备路由表信息
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0
C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O IA 192.168.10.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.30.1, 00:04:06, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
O IA 192.168.20.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.1, 00:04:06, FastEthernet0/0
O 192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.2, 00:44:50, FastEthernet0/1 //成功学习网段信息R4(config)#do show ip route //查看R4路由设备路由表信息
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
O IA 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.1, 00:45:36, FastEthernet0/0
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C （1） 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0 //添加（1）避免违禁词汇
O IA 192.168.10.0/24 [110/40] via 192.168.40.1, 00:04:43, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O IA 192.168.20.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.40.1, 00:04:43, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 //成功学习网段信息7、在两台PC机中添加IP地址，并使用ping命令检查互通性。
PC1> ip 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.1 //添加IP地址
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.1PC2> ip 192.168.50.2 192.168.50.1 //添加IP地址
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 192.168.50.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.50.1PC1> ping 192.168.50.2 //使用ping命令与PC2通信
192.168.50.2 icmp_seq=1 timeout
84 bytes from 192.168.50.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=60 time=78.779 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.50.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=60 time=77.795 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.50.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=60 time=81.932 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.50.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=60 time=83.226 ms //成功通信标签：00,OSPF,192.168,FastEthernet0,external,链路,config,路由 来源： https://blog.51cto.com/14473285/2439482