Spring Test Service自动装配导致null
作者：互联网
我能够运行一个Rest Controller PUT方法,该方法通过Spring Boot Application按预期使用Autowired @Service.尝试执行Spring JUnit测试时,相同的自动装配失败.我试过阅读具有类似问题的多个线程.我确定我没有通过“new”关键字创建@Service,我尝试了Context Configuration和其他方法..但似乎都是徒劳的.我不确定我哪里出错了.
我的Spring Boot应用程序类 –
@SpringBootApplication
@ComponentScan({
"com.initech.myapp.*"
})
public class IngestionServerApplication {
private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(IngestionServerApplication.class);
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(IngestionServerApplication.class, args);
logger.info("Ingestion Server Application started...");
}
}
休息控制器类 –
package com.initech.myapp.ingestion.controller;
@RestController
public class IngestionController extends BaseRestController {
private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(IngestionController.class);
// This variable is getting "null" autowiring if invoked
// via Spring Unit Testing framework while it is injected fine via
// Spring Boot app invocation.
@Autowired
public IngestionPayloadProcessor payloadProcessor;
@RequestMapping(path = "/ingest", method = RequestMethod.PUT,
consumes = {
MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE,
MediaType.APPLICATION_XML_VALUE
},
produces = {
MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE
})
public IngestionSuccessResponse ingest(@RequestHeader(value = "authToken", required = true) String authToken,
@RequestBody String jsonBody) throws Exception {
IngestionPayload ingestionPayload = new IngestionPayload();
ingestionPayload.setAuthToken(authToken);
ingestionPayload.setJsonBody(jsonBody);
IngestionSuccessResponse ingestionSuccessResponse = payloadProcessor.process(ingestionPayload);
return ingestionSuccessResponse;
}
}
服务类
package com.initech.myapp.ingestion.app.service;
@Service
@ImportResource({"spring.xml"})
public class IngestionPayloadProcessor {
private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(IngestionPayloadProcessor.class);
@Resource(name = "kafkaConfig")
private Properties kafkaConfig;
@Value("${kakfaTopic}")
private String kakfaTopic;
public IngestionSuccessResponse process(IngestionPayload ingestionPayload) throws Exception {
try {
IngestionSuccessResponse ingestionSuccessResponse = buildSuccessResponse(ingestionPayload);
return ingestionSuccessResponse;
}
catch (IllegalStateException e)
{
logger.error("Encountered exception while dropping message in Kafka... " + e.getMessage());
throw e;
}
}
}
private buildSuccessResponse() { ... }
弹簧单元测试
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath*:/spring.xml")
@WebMvcTest(IngestionServerApplication.class)
public class IngestionServerApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(
new IngestionServiceController())
.build();
}
@Test
public void testIngestService() throws Exception {
HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
httpHeaders.add("authToken","safdafio12312asdfs23");
RequestBuilder requestBuilder = put("/ingest").content("{'testKey' : 'testVal'}").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).headers(httpHeaders);
this.mockMvc.perform(requestBuilder).andExpect(status().isOk());
}
}
错误日志
2016-08-10 19:24:36.500 DEBUG 7505 --- [ main] m.m.a.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor : Read [class java.lang.String] as "application/json" with [org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter@49aa766b]
2016-08-10 19:24:36.510 DEBUG 7505 --- [ main] .m.m.a.ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver : Resolving exception from handler [public com.initech.myapp.ingestion.model.IngestionSuccessResponse com.initech.myapp.ingestion.app.controller.myappIngestionServiceController.ingest(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.lang.String) throws java.lang.Exception]: java.lang.NullPointerException
2016-08-10 19:24:36.512 DEBUG 7505 --- [ main] .m.m.a.ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver : Invoking @ExceptionHandler method: public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> com.initech.myapp.base.controller.BaseRestController.handleException(java.lang.Exception,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
This is the error handler...
2016-08-10 19:24:36.514 INFO 7505 --- [ main] p.d.i.a.c.myappIngestionServiceController : > handleNoResultException
2016-08-10 19:24:36.574 DEBUG 7505 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.m.m.a.HttpEntityMethodProcessor : Written [{status=500, authToken=6acb1a5c-2ced-4690-95b3-eb7957c7c28a, error=null}] as "application/json" using [org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter@50d3bf39]
java.lang.AssertionError: Status
Expected :200
Actual :500
请注意,我已通过测试进行了调试,我可以看到NullPointer异常在Rest Controller Class的下一行抛出,因为payloadProcessor对象为null.
IngestionSuccessResponse ingestionSuccessResponse = payloadProcessor.process(ingestionPayload);
=====
使用Mock对象进行单元测试:(这是按预期工作)
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@ActiveProfiles("dev")
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class IngestionServerUnitTests {
@Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@MockBean
private IngestionPayloadProcessor processor;
// I was able to get this to work by removing the setUp() method
// that was originally in my code. It was trying to build a new instance
// of the REST controller and then run the "perform" on top of it
// which was causing the test to fail I assume!
/*@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(
new IngestionServiceController())
.build();
}*/
@Test
public void testIngestService() throws Exception {
IngestionSuccessResponse ingestionSuccessResponse = new IngestionSuccessResponse();
ingestionSuccessResponse.setStatusCode("200");
ingestionSuccessResponse.setRequestId("6acb1a5c-2ced-4690-95b3-eb7957c7c28a");
ingestionSuccessResponse.setReceivedTimestamp("2016-08-09T19:43:30.02234312");
given(this.processor.process(anyObject())).willReturn(ingestionSuccessResponse);
HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
httpHeaders.add("Authorization","5e18685c95b34690");
RequestBuilder requestBuilder = put("/ingest").content("<test>test data</test>").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).headers(httpHeaders);
this.mockMvc.perform(requestBuilder).andExpect(status().isOk());
}
}
解决方法:
指定@WebMvcTest时,只有应用程序的某些组件添加到ApplicationContext中.注释实际上是文档中描述的一堆其他注释的组合：https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/api/org/springframework/boot/test/autoconfigure/web/servlet/WebMvcTest.html
基于此,您的IngestionPayloadProcessor不会被实例化为bean,并且不应该因为您告诉测试仅运行Web层的测试.您需要做的是为测试中的IngestionPayloadProcessor指定@MockBean,然后为控制器调用的方法定义模拟.
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(IngestionServerApplication.class)
public class IngestionServerApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@MockBean
private IngestionPayloadProcessor processor;
@Test
public void testIngestService() throws Exception {
given(this.processor.process(anyObject())).willReturn(new InjestionSuccessResponse());
HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
httpHeaders.add("authToken","safdafio12312asdfs23");
RequestBuilder requestBuilder = put("/ingest").content("{'testKey' : 'testVal'}").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).headers(httpHeaders);
this.mockMvc.perform(requestBuilder).andExpect(status().isOk());
}
}
有关Spring Boot 1.4测试新功能的详细信息,请访问：https://spring.io/blog/2016/04/15/testing-improvements-in-spring-boot-1-4
*根据评论更新*
意识到你可以自动配置MockMvc而不需要使用TestRestTemplate.我没有测试过这个,但它应该可行.
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class IngestionServerApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Test
public void testIngestService() throws Exception {
HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
httpHeaders.add("authToken","safdafio12312asdfs23");
RequestBuilder requestBuilder = put("/ingest").content("{'testKey' : 'testVal'}").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).headers(httpHeaders);
this.mockMvc.perform(requestBuilder).andExpect(status().isOk());
}
}
标签：spring-test-mvc,spring,spring-boot 来源： https://codeday.me/bug/20190727/1554283.html