django2上传文件

一、简易版的上传文件

• 1、前端代码

  <form action="/file/" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
      {% csrf_token %}
      <input type="file" name="file">
      <input type="submit" value="提交">
  </form>
  

• 2、后端代码

  from django.shortcuts import render
  from django.http import HttpResponse
  from django.views import View
  class UploadFileView(View):
      """
      上传文件
      """
  
      def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
          return render(request, 'upload_file.html')
  
      def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
          my_file = request.FILES.get('file')
          with open(my_file.name, 'wb') as fp:
              for chunk in my_file.chunks():
                  fp.write(chunk)
          return HttpResponse('上传成功')
  

二、结合数据模型来上传文件

上面的方式仅仅是把文件上传到本项目文件夹下,如果要存储到数据库,就要使用数据模型

• 1、创建数据模型

  from django.db import models
  
  class UploadFileModel(models.Model):
      """
      上传文件的数据模型
      """
      title = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='标题')
      # upload_to指定上传的路径
      file = models.FileField(upload_to='files')
  
      class Meta(object):
          db_table = 'c_file'
  

• 2、在视图类中使用

  class UploadFileView(View):
      """
      上传文件
      """
  
      def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
          return render(request, 'upload_file.html')
  
      def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
          title = request.POST.get('title')
          file = request.FILES.get('file')
          models.UploadFileModel.objects.create(title=title, file=file)
          return HttpResponse('上传成功')
  

• 3、最终在数据库存储的
  

三、配置静态文件

前面既然已经上传成功了,那么前端要显示,就需要配置静态文件路径

• 1、在settings.py中配置媒体的根目录及根路由

  MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
  MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
  

• 2、配置静态文件路径(项目的根路由中)

  from django.conf import settings
  from django.conf.urls.static import static
  
  urlpatterns = [
      path('', include('home.urls', namespace='home')),
      ...
      path('file/', include('upload_file.urls', namespace='upload_file'))
  ] + static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)
  

• 3、在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8000/media/files/22.JPEG

四、其它补充

• 1、限制文件上传类型

  class UploadFileModel(models.Model):
      """
      上传文件的数据模型
      """
      title = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='标题')
      file = models.FileField(upload_to='files', validators=[validators.FileExtensionValidator(['gif', 'png', 'jpeg'], message='上传图片格式错误')])
  
      class Meta(object):
          db_table = 'c_file'
  

• 2、修改上传文件路径(根据年/月/日来显示)

  ...
  file = models.FileField(upload_to='%Y/%m/%d', validators=[...
  ...
  

• 3、如果是仅仅是上传图片的话,可以使用下面的

  class UploadFileModel(models.Model):
      """
      上传文件的数据模型
      """
      title = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='标题')
      # 需要先安装pillow
      file = models.ImageField(upload_to='%Y/%m/%d')
  
      class Meta(object):
          db_table = 'c_file'
  

五、对上传文件重命名

• 1、定义一个通用的方法

  import os
  import time
  import random
  from django.core.files.storage import FileSystemStorage
  from django.conf import settings
  
  
  class FileStorage(FileSystemStorage):
      def __init__(self, location=settings.MEDIA_ROOT, base_url=settings.MEDIA_URL):
          super().__init__(location, base_url)
  
      def _save(self, name, content):
          ext = os.path.splitext(name)[1]
          dir = os.path.dirname(name)
          fn = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S')
          fn = '{}_{}'.format(fn, random.randint(0, 100))
          name = os.path.join(dir, '{}{}'.format(fn, ext))
          return super()._save(name, content)
  

• 2、使用

  class UploadFileModel(models.Model):
      """
      上传文件的数据模型
      """
      title = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='标题')
      file = models.FileField(upload_to='%Y/%m/%d', storage=FileStorage())
  
      class Meta(object):
          db_table = 'c_file'
  

标签：文件,name,models,django2,file,import,上传,class
来源： https://blog.csdn.net/kuangshp128/article/details/89423100