四、Git入门与基本使用（4）
作者：互联网
16、把连续的多个commit整理成1个
commit ce587039661c88fd508035fd103a012e33c057ac (HEAD -> temp)
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 17:03:07 2019 +0800
Update fourth file.txt
commit bfd373ab1dd5b2d578bac9cacd4d89d0066c51af
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 17:01:46 2019 +0800
Add fouth file.txt
commit b843c287804d2b5886167740f9e6c0d327540ee1 (tag: 03tag)
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 17:00:21 2019 +0800
Add third file
commit 0bd98cb5d0d969cfc35d8c5a16d33b5924cbc6b0
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 16:59:25 2019 +0800
Add second file
在上面的commit中如果想将前三个commit合成一个，可以使用如下操作：
$ git rebase -i 0bd98cb5d0d969 #合并前三个commit.
[detached HEAD b0fc955] Merge three commits
Date: Thu Mar 14 17:00:21 2019 +0800
2 files changed, 3 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 fourth.txt
create mode 100644 third.txt
Successfully rebased and updated refs/heads/temp.
$ git log #合并后的结果
commit b0fc95597b4be1e1c11f94bb77931f0338b581bf (HEAD -> temp)
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 17:00:21 2019 +0800
Merge three commits
Add third file
Add fouth file.txt
Update fourth file.txt
commit 0bd98cb5d0d969cfc35d8c5a16d33b5924cbc6b0
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 16:59:25 2019 +0800
Add second file
commit c8588e43dd1053684632871fb8aec1945ee6a6ab
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 16:36:00 2019 +0800
Add first file
进入编辑界面后的操作：
17、把间隔的几个commit整理成1个
$ git log
commit 5d63d9384d28a5bf4786bc5639fc3dbc58cc2fc8 (HEAD -> master)
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Fri Mar 15 17:46:32 2019 +0800
move first.txt to first.md
commit 7376bc5b2ebc3e13d4c4552ebdef348a17cd4eef
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 17:03:07 2019 +0800
Update fourth file
commit 1d63ec82259b237f58e7525ccf856a03fb880fcd
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 17:01:46 2019 +0800
Add fouth file
commit b843c287804d2b5886167740f9e6c0d327540ee1 (tag: 03tag)
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 17:00:21 2019 +0800
Add third file
commit 0bd98cb5d0d969cfc35d8c5a16d33b5924cbc6b0
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 16:59:25 2019 +0800
Add second file
根据以上log，将第一/二/四次的commit合成一个，操作如下：
$ git rm fourth.txt
fourth.txt: needs merge
rm 'fourth.txt'
nxf42573@NXW53034 MINGW64 /d/git_learning (master|REBASE-i 2/4)
$ git rebase --continue
[detached HEAD e0326fb] Merge three commits
Date: Thu Mar 14 17:00:21 2019 +0800
2 files changed, 1 insertion(+)
rename first.txt => first.md (100%)
create mode 100644 third.txt
Successfully rebased and updated refs/heads/master.
$ git log
commit 25efd88365c4b9c31634a8bb06d25fe23109eb22 (HEAD -> master)
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 17:01:46 2019 +0800
Add fouth file
commit e0326fb0984785866419d9125a8a7427f6a8a765
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 17:00:21 2019 +0800
Merge three commits
Add third file
move first.txt to first.md
commit 0bd98cb5d0d969cfc35d8c5a16d33b5924cbc6b0
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 16:59:25 2019 +0800
Add second file
18、比较暂存区和HEAD所含文件的差异
$ echo "Update" >> fourth.txt #修改文件
$ git add fourth.txt #添加文件到暂存区
$ git diff --cached #比较HEAD与暂存区之间的差异
diff --git a/fourth.txt b/fourth.txt
index 02f7874..50d23e7 100644
--- a/fourth.txt
+++ b/fourth.txt
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
fourth file
+Update19、比较工作区和暂存区所含文件的差异
$ vim fourth.txt #修改工作区文件
$ git diff #比较工作区与暂存区文件
diff --git a/fourth.txt b/fourth.txt
index 50d23e7..bcd337e 100644
--- a/fourth.txt
+++ b/fourth.txt
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
fourth file
Update
+Changed20、让暂存区恢复成和HEAD的一样
$ git diff --cached #比较文件差异
diff --git a/fourth.txt b/fourth.txt
index 02f7874..50d23e7 100644
--- a/fourth.txt
+++ b/fourth.txt
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
fourth file
+Update
$ git reset HEAD #恢复暂存区为HEAD
Unstaged changes after reset:
M fourth.txt
$ git diff --cached #比较
21、如何让工作区的文件恢复为和暂存区一样
$ git status #当前状态，暂存区有两个文件没有commit
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
modified: first.md
modified: fourth.txt
$ vim first.md #修改工作区文件
$ git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
modified: first.md
modified: fourth.txt
Changes not staged for commit:
(use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
(use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
modified: first.md
$ git checkout -- first.md #恢复工作区文件和暂存区文件一样
$ git diff #比较差异
22、怎样取消暂存区部分文件的更改(恢复暂存区部分文件和HEAD一致)
$ git status #当前状态
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
modified: first.md
modified: fourth.txt
$ git reset HEAD first.md #恢复first_md文件与HEAD一致
Unstaged changes after reset:
M first.md
$ git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
modified: fourth.txt
Changes not staged for commit:
(use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
(use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
modified: first.md23、消除最近的几次提交
$ git log #当前commit信息
commit 25efd88365c4b9c31634a8bb06d25fe23109eb22 (HEAD -> master)
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 17:01:46 2019 +0800
Add fouth file
commit e0326fb0984785866419d9125a8a7427f6a8a765
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 17:00:21 2019 +0800
Merge three commits
Add third file
move first.txt to first.md
commit 0bd98cb5d0d969cfc35d8c5a16d33b5924cbc6b0
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 16:59:25 2019 +0800
Add second file
commit c8588e43dd1053684632871fb8aec1945ee6a6ab
$ git reset --hard e0326fb0984785866419d #回退到倒数第二次的commit
HEAD is now at e0326fb Merge three commits
$ git log
commit e0326fb0984785866419d9125a8a7427f6a8a765 (HEAD -> master)
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 17:00:21 2019 +0800
Merge three commits
Add third file
move first.txt to first.md
commit 0bd98cb5d0d969cfc35d8c5a16d33b5924cbc6b0
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 16:59:25 2019 +0800
Add second file
commit c8588e43dd1053684632871fb8aec1945ee6a6ab
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 16:36:00 2019 +0800
Add first file
24、不同提交的指定文件的差异
$ git log --all --graph -n2
* commit e0326fb0984785866419d9125a8a7427f6a8a765 (HEAD -> master)
| Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
| Date: Thu Mar 14 17:00:21 2019 +0800
|
| Merge three commits
|
| Add third file
|
| move first.txt to first.md
|
| * commit b0fc95597b4be1e1c11f94bb77931f0338b581bf (temp)
|/ Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
| Date: Thu Mar 14 17:00:21 2019 +0800
|
| Merge three commits
|
| Add third file
|
| Add fouth file.txt
|
| Update fourth file.txt
$ git diff master temp #比较两个分支的不同
diff --git a/first.md b/first.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from first.md
rename to first.txt
diff --git a/fourth.txt b/fourth.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0dbe3fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fourth.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+fourth file
+Update the file
$ git diff e0326fb0984785 b0fc95597b4be1e #也可以使用分支对应的commit比较，也可以比较指定文件
diff --git a/first.md b/first.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from first.md
rename to first.txt
diff --git a/fourth.txt b/fourth.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0dbe3fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fourth.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+fourth file
+Update the file
25、正确删除文件的方法
$ git rm first.md
rm 'first.md'
$ git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
deleted: first.md
26、开发中临时加塞了紧急任务怎么处理(临时切换其他分支，保存当前环境的方法)
$ git status #查看当前状态
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
deleted: first.md
$ git stash #将当前状态保存到堆栈中
Saved working directory and index state WIP on master: e0326fb Merge three commits
$ git status
On branch master
nothing to commit, working tree clean
$ git stash apply #可以使用apply命令恢复环境，但是此时stash中会有备份
Removing first.md
On branch master
Changes not staged for commit:
(use "git add/rm <file>..." to update what will be committed)
(use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
deleted: first.md
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
$ git stash list
stash@{0}: WIP on master: e0326fb Merge three commits
$ git stash pop #也可以使用pop命令恢复环境，但是此时stash中不再保留stash备份
Removing first.md
On branch master
Changes not staged for commit:
(use "git add/rm <file>..." to update what will be committed)
(use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
deleted: first.md
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
Dropped refs/stash@{0} (e404b853cc36e4816c2cb262a41b15f24a030aa7)
$ git stash list
27、如何指定不需要Git管理的文件
nxf42573@NXW53034 MINGW64 /d/git_learning (master)
$ echo "Hello word!" > read.txt #新建read.txt
nxf42573@NXW53034 MINGW64 /d/git_learning (master)
$ git status
On branch master
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
read.txt
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
$ echo "read.txt" > .gitignore #新建.gitignore文件，指定git不管理read.txt文件
nxf42573@NXW53034 MINGW64 /d/git_learning (master)
$ git status
On branch master
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
.gitignore
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)28、如何将Git仓库备份到本地
git中常用的传输协议：
哑协议和智能协议的区别：
备份特点：
$ pwd
/d/bak
$ git clone --bare /d/git_learning/.git ya.git #哑协议备份
Cloning into bare repository 'ya.git'...
done.
nxf42573@NXW53034 MINGW64 /d/bak
$ git clone --bare file:///d/git_learning/.git zhineng.git #智能协议
Cloning into bare repository 'zhineng.git'...
remote: Counting objects: 14, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (9/9), done.
remote: Total 14 (delta 5), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (14/14), done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (5/5), done.
$ pwd
/d/git_learning
$ git remote add zhineng file:///d/git_learning/.git #添加远程仓库
$ git remote -v
zhineng file:///d/git_learning/.git (fetch)
zhineng file:///d/git_learning/.git (push)
$ git checkout -b Jone #添加新分支
Switched to a new branch 'Jone'
$ git branch
* Jone
master
temp
$ git push zhineng #将该分支推送到远程仓库
fatal: The current branch Jone has no upstream branch.
To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use
git push --set-upstream zhineng Jone
$ git push --set-upstream zhineng Jone
Everything up-to-date
Branch 'Jone' set up to track remote branch 'Jone' from 'zhineng'.
标签：基本,git,入门,fourth,Git,file,commit,txt,first 来源： https://blog.51cto.com/yinsuifeng/2367474