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7个自定义定时任务并发送消息至邮箱或企业微信案例（crontab和at）

作者：互联网

前言

  1. 更好熟悉掌握at、crontab定时自定义任务用法。
  2. 实验at、crontab定时自定义任务运用场景案例。
  3. 作业、笔记需要。

定时计划任务相关命令及配置文件简要说明

自定义任务案例

  1. 案例：一次性在今天16：20分，自动在/data/目录下创建文件

    [16:10:57 root@localhost ~]#at 16:20
warning: commands will be executed using /bin/sh
at> touch /data/file1.txt
at> <EOT>
job 12 at Tue Aug 23 16:20:00 2022

[16:12:36 root@localhost ~]#at 16:20 2022-08-23
warning: commands will be executed using /bin/sh
at> touch /data/file02.txt
at> <EOT>
job 13 at Tue Aug 23 16:20:00 2022

[16:13:39 root@localhost ~]#at  now + 6 min
warning: commands will be executed using /bin/sh
at> touch /data/file03.txt
at> <EOT>
job 14 at Tue Aug 23 16:20:00 2022

[16:17:18 root@localhost ~]#at  04pm + 20 min 
warning: commands will be executed using /bin/sh
at> touch /data/file4.txt
at> <EOT>
job 16 at Tue Aug 23 16:20:00 2022

  2. 明天凌晨 01:06重启httpd服务,并发送邮件通知是否成功

    [01:04:56 root@rocky8_31 ~]#at 01:06
warning: commands will be executed using /bin/sh
at> systemctl restart httpd &>/dev/null ;if [ $? -eq 0 ] ;then { echo $(hostname -I) http服务重启成功|mailx -s "重启服务通知" 1024320609@qq.com ; } ;else { echo $(hostname -I)http服务重启成功|mailx -s "重启服务警告" 1024320609@qq.com  ;} ;fi
at> <EOT>
job 5 at Tue Aug 30 01:06:00 2022

    image-20220830010642693

  3. 每周二凌晨打包/etc/下所有文件到/data/目录下后

    [02:16:37 root@rocky8_31 ~]#crontab -l
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
1 * * * *   echo %IP_$PATH  >> /root/text.txt
17 2 * * 2  tar -cf /data/etc/etc_$(date +"\%F_\%T").tar.gz /etc/* &> /dev/null & if [ $? -eq 0 ] ;then { echo $(hostname -I):etc目录打包备份成功|mailx -s "数据备份通知" 1024320609@qq.com ; } ;else { echo $(hostname -I):etc目录打包备份失败|mailx  -s "数据备份警告" 1024320609@qq.com  ;} ;fi

    image-20220830021832066

    image-20220830021848756

  4. 每分钟自动检查内存超过百分之80%，将自动邮箱报警

    [16:08:45 root@rocky8_31 ~]#vim memcheck.sh

  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 # **********************************************************
  3 #
  4 # * Author        : 张雪龙
  5 # * Email         : 1024320609@qq.com
  6 # * Create time   : 2022-08-30 16:05
  7 # * Filename      : memcheck.sh
  8 # * Description   : 
  9 #
 10 # **********************************************************
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 str=$(free|awk  '/^Mem/{if($3/$2>0.65)printf("当前内存:%.2fG,内存占比:%.2f%\n", $3/1024/1024,$3/$2*100)}')
 15 [ $str ]&&{ echo $str|mailx     -s "$(hostname -I |awk 'NR==1{print $1}'):内存警告通知" 1024320609@qq.com ;}
 
 
[16:09:49 root@rocky8_31 ~]#vim /etc/crontab 

  1 SHELL=/bin/bash
  2 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
  3 MAILTO=root
  4 
  5 # For details see man 4 crontabs
  6 
  7 # Example of job definition:
  8 # .---------------- minute (0 - 59)
  9 # |  .------------- hour (0 - 23)
 10 # |  |  .---------- day of month (1 - 31)
 11 # |  |  |  .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...
 12 # |  |  |  |  .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat
 13 # |  |  |  |  |
 14 # *  *  *  *  * user-name  command to be executed
 15 
 16 */1 * * * *  root bash /root/memcheck.sh

    image-20220830161207800

  5. 每十分钟自动检查硬盘分区超过百分之80%，将自动邮箱报警

    #1、执行的脚本
[16:47:26 root@rocky8_31 ~]#vim check_disk.sh

  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 # **********************************************************
  3 #
  4 # * Author        : 张雪龙
  5 # * Email         : 1024320609@qq.com
  6 # * Create time   : 2022-08-30 16:47
  7 # * Filename      : check_disk.sh
  8 # * Description   : 
  9 #
 10 # **********************************************************
 11 
 12 
 13 str=$(df -h|awk -F" +|%" '/^\/dev\/(nvm|sdb)/{print $5}'|sort -rn|head -n 1)&&[ $str -gt 24 ]&&{ echo 磁盘分区空间使用率 $str%  |mailx -s "$(hostname     -I |awk 'NR==1{print $1}'):磁盘警告通知" 1024320609@qq.com ;}

 #2、编辑自定义任务
 [16:50:25 root@rocky8_31 ~]#vim /etc/crontab 
  1 SHELL=/bin/bash
  2 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
  3 MAILTO=root
  4 
  5 # For details see man 4 crontabs
  6 
  7 # Example of job definition:
  8 # .---------------- minute (0 - 59)
  9 # |  .------------- hour (0 - 23)
 10 # |  |  .---------- day of month (1 - 31)
 11 # |  |  |  .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...
 12 # |  |  |  |  .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat
 13 # |  |  |  |  |
 14 # *  *  *  *  * user-name  command to be executed
 15 
 16 #0 */1 * * *  root bash /root/memcheck.sh
 17 */1 * * * *  root bash /root/check_disk.sh
 
 #3、运行结果

    image-20220830165453148

  6. 每日统计网站IP访问量（以Apache访问日志为例），将自动发送邮箱

    #1、日志文件格式
[18:24:12 root@rocky8_31 ~]#tail /var/log/httpd/access_log-20220828 
192.168.100.1 - - [27/Aug/2022:05:34:49 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 18 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.69 Safari/537.36"
192.168.100.31 - - [27/Aug/2022:14:52:40 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 18 "-" "curl/7.61.1"
192.168.100.31 - - [27/Aug/2022:14:52:41 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 18 "-" "curl/7.61.1"

192.168.100.31 - - [27/Aug/2022:14:52:42 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 18 "-" "curl/7.61.1"
192.168.100.31 - - [27/Aug/2022:14:52:42 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 18 "-" "curl/7.61.1"
192.168.100.31 - - [27/Aug/2022:14:52:43 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 18 "-" "curl/7.61.1"
192.168.100.31 - - [27/Aug/2022:14:52:43 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 18 "-" "curl/7.61.1"
192.168.100.31 - - [27/Aug/2022:14:52:44 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 18 "-" "curl/7.61.1"
192.168.100.31 - - [27/Aug/2022:14:52:45 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 18 "-" "curl/7.61.1"
192.168.100.31 - - [27/Aug/2022:14:52:48 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 18 "-" "curl/7.61.1"

2、编辑定时任务

[18:24:58 root@rocky8_31 ~]#crontab -l
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
25 18 * */1 * echo -e " 访问量 IP地址\n $(cat /var/log/httpd/access_log-20220828|awk '{print $1}'|sort |uniq -c|sort -nr|head -n 3)"| mailx -s "$(hostname -I |awk 'NR==1{print $1}'):网站访问IP统计" 1024320609@qq.com

运行显示结果


![image-20220830182649078](https://www.icode9.com/i/l/?n=22&i=blog/1301995/202208/1301995-20220830235634825-1458225311.png)

7. 统计192.168.100.0网络正在使用的IP地址，并发送到企业微信群中。

```sh
#企业微信上传脚本
[23:24:20 root@rocky8_31 ~]#vim weixin2.sh 

  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 # **********************************************************
  3 #
  4 # * Author        : 张雪龙
  5 # * Email         : 1024320609@qq.com
  6 # * Create time   : 2022-08-30 22:20
  7 # * Filename      : weixin2.sh
  8 # * Description   : 
  9 #
 10 # **********************************************************
 11 
 12 #!/bin/bash
 13 content=${@:1}
 14 content=${content//\ /}
 15 content=${content//\"/}
 16 date=$(date +%Y-%m-%d)
 17 time=$(date "+%H:%M:%S")
 18 content="
 19 **WGCLOUD**
 20     >告警时间：$date.$time
 21     >告警详情：$content
 22     
 23 
 24 "
 25 webHookUrl="https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=9d3676eg-4f6e-7fgf-2325-06976f5qt580"
 26 content='{"msgtype": "markdown","markdown": {"content": "'$content'","mentioned_list":"@all"},}'                                                                                                   
 27 echo "content : $content"
 28 curl --data-ascii "$content" $webHookUrl
 29 echo "over!"

#异步ping脚本，并执行weixin2.sh上传通知消息
[23:34:19 root@rocky8_31 ~]#vim check_ip.sh

  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 # **********************************************************
  3 #
  4 # * Author        : 张雪龙
  5 # * Email         : 1024320609@qq.com
  6 # * Create time   : 2022-08-30 23:12
  7 # * Filename      : check_ip.sh
  8 # * Description   : 
  9 #
 10 # **********************************************************
 11 
 12 NET=192.168.100
 13 > /root/hosts.txt
 14 for i in {1..254};do
 15  {
 16         if ping -c1 -W1 $NET.$i &> /dev/null  ;then
 17         echo $NET.$i, | tee -a /root/hosts.txt
 18         fi
 19  }&
 20 done
 21 
 22 bash /root/weixin2.sh "$(cat /root/hosts.txt) \n网络通常"  

#2、编辑定时任务
[23:47:20 root@rocky8_31 ~]#crontab -l
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
50 23 * */1 * bash /root/check_ip.sh

#消息到企业微信结果显示

image-20220830235114723

标签：bin,自定义,16,微信,crontab,sh,usr,2022,root
来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/zxl1024320609/p/16641442.html