flink cdc 使用

2022-08-27 11:00:09 作者：互联网

flink cdc 使用

目前 cdc 产品非常多，目前我使用canal ，flink cdc （集成 debezium）二者对比相对来说 flink cdc 更加强大，功能很多但是有很多坑，迭代速度很快，借助flink 分布式计算框架，分布式处理数据。

1. canal

装个服务端，客户端自己写，当然也提供了一些适配器，我之前是定制客户端写的组件。

https://github.com/alibaba/canal

2. flink cdc

官方文档

https://ververica.github.io/flink-cdc-connectors/master/

https://nightlies.apache.org/flink/flink-docs-master/zh/docs/dev/table/tableapi/

cdc 开发主要就是写 sql (flink sql),借助 flink 各种连接器，快速同步数据 sink 到各个地方,确实使用方便借助 checkpoint 可以保证事务操作的精确一次操作（这个叼）。

flinksql 上手很容易但是有个大坑，就是如果 job 多了很耗数据库连接和多次重复读 bin日志。

社区文章，阿里的内部解决也是合源合整库同步。（阿里云 flink cdc 合源，整库同步这种技术未开源，因为他有专门数据同步服务）

https://flink-learning.org.cn/article/detail/da710dd3cdfb9b430af405725ad27784

腾讯云通过和 source 解决

目前使用 Flink CDC Connector 做数据同步时，每个表都需要建立一个数据库连接，在多表、整库同步等场景下，对数据库实例的压力非常大，Oceanus 引入了多 source 复用的优化来解决这种问题。

https://cloud.tencent.com/document/product/849/76650

3. 不买云服务合源解决方案

flink 1.45 ，flink cdc 2.1

思路参考

http://www.dlink.top/docs/extend/practice_guide/cdc_kafka_multi_source_merge

flink table kafka

https://nightlies.apache.org/flink/flink-docs-master/zh/docs/connectors/table/formats/debezium/

json 解析参考 debezium 官网

https://debezium.io/documentation/reference/1.3/connectors/mysql.html#mysql-connector-events_debezium

4 .代码实现

datastream

import com.ververica.cdc.connectors.mysql.table.StartupOptions;
import com.ververica.cdc.debezium.DebeziumSourceFunction;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.serialization.SimpleStringSchema;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.eventtime.WatermarkStrategy;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment;
import com.ververica.cdc.debezium.JsonDebeziumDeserializationSchema;
import com.ververica.cdc.connectors.mysql.source.MySqlSource;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStreamSource;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.connectors.kafka.FlinkKafkaProducer;

/**
 * 
 * @Date 2022/8/26 16:04
 */
public class TestCdcKafka {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        //1.获取执行环境
        StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
        env.setParallelism(1);
        // enable checkpoint
        String checkpointDir = "file:///D:/checkpoint";

        env.enableCheckpointing(3000);
        env.getCheckpointConfig().setCheckpointStorage(checkpointDir);
        //1.1 设置 CK&状态后端
        //略

        MySqlSource<String> mySqlSource =  MySqlSource.<String>builder()
                .hostname("")
                .port(3306)
                .username("")
                .password("")
                .databaseList("XXSX").tableList()
                //.databaseList()
                //.tableList() //这个注释,就是多库同步
         
                .deserializer(new CustomerDeserialization()) //这里需要自定义序列化格式
                //.deserializer(new StringDebeziumDeserializationSchema()) //默认是这个序列化格式
                .startupOptions(StartupOptions.latest())
                .build();

        //2.通过 FlinkCDC 构建 SourceFunction 并读取数据

        DataStreamSource<String> streamSource = env.fromSource(mySqlSource,WatermarkStrategy.noWatermarks(), "MySQL Source");

        //3.打印数据并将数据写入 Kafka
        streamSource.print();
        String sinkTopic = "testcdc";
        streamSource.addSink(getKafkaProducer("XXX:9092",sinkTopic));

        //4.启动任务
        env.execute("FlinkCDC");



    }

    //kafka 生产者
    public static FlinkKafkaProducer<String> getKafkaProducer(String brokers,String topic) {
        return new FlinkKafkaProducer<String>(brokers,
                topic,
                new SimpleStringSchema());
    }
}

序列化

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.ververica.cdc.connectors.shaded.org.apache.kafka.connect.data.Field;
import com.ververica.cdc.connectors.shaded.org.apache.kafka.connect.data.Schema;
import com.ververica.cdc.connectors.shaded.org.apache.kafka.connect.data.Struct;
import com.ververica.cdc.connectors.shaded.org.apache.kafka.connect.source.SourceRecord;
import com.ververica.cdc.debezium.DebeziumDeserializationSchema;
import io.debezium.data.Envelope;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeinfo.BasicTypeInfo;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeinfo.TypeInformation;
import org.apache.flink.util.Collector;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
 * @Author 
 * @Date 2022/8/26 16:14
 */
public class CustomerDeserialization implements DebeziumDeserializationSchema<String> {


    @Override
    public void deserialize(SourceRecord sourceRecord, Collector<String> collector) throws Exception {

        //1.创建 JSON 对象用于存储最终数据
        JSONObject result = new JSONObject();

        //2.获取库名&表名放入 source
        String topic = sourceRecord.topic();
        String[] fields = topic.split("\\.");
        String database = fields[1];
        String tableName = fields[2];
        JSONObject source = new JSONObject();
        source.put("db",database);
        source.put("table",tableName);

        Struct value = (Struct) sourceRecord.value();
        //3.获取"before"数据
        Struct before = value.getStruct("before");
        JSONObject beforeJson = new JSONObject();
        if (before != null) {
            Schema beforeSchema = before.schema();
            List<Field> beforeFields = beforeSchema.fields();
            for (Field field : beforeFields) {
                Object beforeValue = before.get(field);
                beforeJson.put(field.name(), beforeValue);
            }
        }

        //4.获取"after"数据
        Struct after = value.getStruct("after");
        JSONObject afterJson = new JSONObject();
        if (after != null) {
            Schema afterSchema = after.schema();
            List<Field> afterFields = afterSchema.fields();
            for (Field field : afterFields) {
                Object afterValue = after.get(field);
                afterJson.put(field.name(), afterValue);
            }
        }

        //5.获取操作类型  CREATE UPDATE DELETE 进行符合 Debezium-op 的字母
        Envelope.Operation operation = Envelope.operationFor(sourceRecord);
        String type = operation.toString().toLowerCase();
        if ("insert".equals(type)) {
            type = "c";
        }
        if ("update".equals(type)) {
            type = "u";
        }
        if ("delete".equals(type)) {
            type = "d";
        }
        if ("create".equals(type)) {
            type = "c";
        }

        //6.将字段写入 JSON 对象
        result.put("source", source);
        result.put("before", beforeJson);
        result.put("after", afterJson);
        result.put("op", type);

        //7.输出数据
        collector.collect(result.toJSONString());

    }

    @Override
    public TypeInformation<String> getProducedType() {
        return BasicTypeInfo.STRING_TYPE_INFO;
    }
}

flink sql

- |
  CREATE TABLE KafkaTable (
   origin_ts TIMESTAMP(3) METADATA FROM 'value.ingestion-timestamp' VIRTUAL,
  event_time TIMESTAMP(3) METADATA FROM 'value.source.timestamp' VIRTUAL,
  origin_database STRING METADATA FROM 'value.source.database' VIRTUAL,
  origin_schema STRING METADATA FROM 'value.source.schema' VIRTUAL,
  origin_table STRING METADATA FROM 'value.source.table' VIRTUAL,
  `id` BIGINT,
  `agent_id` BIGINT,
  `usable_amount` decimal(20,4)
  ) WITH (
  'connector' = 'kafka',
  'topic' = 'testcdc',
  'properties.bootstrap.servers' = 'XXXXX:9092',
  'properties.group.id' = 'testGroup11',
  'scan.startup.mode' = 'earliest-offset',
  'value.format' = 'debezium-json'
  )
- |
  CREATE TABLE t_user_copy(
  id BIGINT,
  agent_id BIGINT,
  usable_amount decimal(20,4),
  PRIMARY KEY (id) NOT ENFORCED
  ) WITH (
  'connector' = 'elasticsearch-7',
  'hosts' = 'http://XXXXX:9200',
  'index' = 'user_cdc1'
  )
- select * FROM KafkaTable where origin_database='XXXX' and origin_table = 'XXXX'