Elasticsearch基本操作
作者：互联网
索引操作
创建索引
PUT /user
查询指定索引
GET /user
查询所有索引信息
GET _cat/indices?v
删除索引
DELETE /user
类型映射
自动映射
elasticsearch默认情况下会自动推断数据类型
PUT /user/_doc/1
{
"userId": 1,
"name": "zhang san"，
"age": 20,
"birthday": "2022-08-20"
}
以上语句的作用，如果索引user不存在，会先创建索引user，然后新增一条id=1的数据。
查询下索引信息，GET /user
{
"user" : {
"aliases" : { },
"mappings" : {
"properties" : {
"age" : {
"type" : "long"
},
"birthday" : {
"type" : "date"
},
"name" : {
"type" : "text",
"fields" : {
"keyword" : {
"type" : "keyword",
"ignore_above" : 256
}
}
},
"userId" : {
"type" : "long"
}
}
},
"settings" : {
"index" : {
"routing" : {
"allocation" : {
"include" : {
"_tier_preference" : "data_content"
}
}
},
"number_of_shards" : "1",
"provided_name" : "user",
"creation_date" : "1660984341229",
"number_of_replicas" : "1",
"uuid" : "yiq_xYzqQPGT7kfcz_TSFw",
"version" : {
"created" : "7170599"
}
}
}
}
}
会看到elasticsearch自动推断出数据字段类型
| 字段 | 类型 |
|---|---|
| id | long |
| name | text/keyword |
| age | long |
| birthday | date |
指定映射
使用如下语句便可以在创建索引时指定字段以及类型
PUT /user
{
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"userId": {
"type": "integer",
"index": true
},
"name": {
"type": "text",
"index": true
},
"age": {
"type": "integer",
"index": true
},
"birthday": {
"type": "date",
"index": true
}
}
}
}
其中: "index": true表示该列可以作为查询条件，可以省略，默认为true
查询映射
GET /user/_mapping
查询指定字段映射
GET /user/_mapping/field/userId
增加字段映射
PUT /user/_mapping
{
"properties": {
"createTime": {
"type": "date",
"index": false,
"format": "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"
}
}
}
增加了一个创建时间
改变字段映射类型
比如想把createTime改成long类型，目前不支持此种操作，因为可能会使得已有数据无效
文档基本操作
新增文档
指定id方式(PUT)
PUT /user/_doc/1
{
"userId": 1,
"name": "zhang san",
"age": 20,
"birthday": "2022-08-20",
"createTime": "2022-08-20 12:10:30"
}
随机ID(POST)，当然了POST方式也可以指定ID
POST /user/_doc
{
"userId": 1,
"name": "zhang san",
"age": 20,
"birthday": "2022-08-20",
"createTime": "2022-08-20 12:10:30"
}
修改文档
原样修改
PUT /user/_doc/1
{
"userId": 1,
"name": "zhang san",
"age": 25,
"birthday": "1997-08-20"
}
或者
POST /user/_doc/1
{
"userId": 1,
"name": "zhang san",
"age": 25,
"birthday": "1997-08-20"
}
查询结果(createTime会丢失)
{
"userId": 1,
"name": "zhang san",
"age": 25,
"birthday": "1997-08-20"
}
修改指定字段
POST /user/_update/1
{
"doc": {
"age": 25
}
}
或者
POST /user/_doc/1/_update
{
"doc": {
"age": 25
}
}
查看文档
GET /user/_doc/1
删除文档
DELETE /user/_doc/1
批量操作
使用_bulk API
包含四种操作，可以同时存在
- index，存在则修改，否则新增
- create，新增
- update，修改
- delete，删除
下面对user索引批量新增文档，注意，除了delete不需要紧跟数据，其它操作都需要接一条数据，无论是操作还是数据，都是一行完成。
POST /user/_bulk
{"index": {"_id": 1}}
{"userId": 1, "name" : "zhang san", "age" : 20, "birthday" : "2021-08-20", "createTime" : "2022-08-20 12:10:30"}
{"index": {"_id": 2}}
{"userId": 2, "name" : "li si", "age" : 20, "birthday" : "2022-08-20", "createTime" : "2022-08-20 12:10:30"}
{"index": {"_id": 3}}
{"userId": 3, "name" : "zhang san shuo", "age" : 25, "birthday" : "2022-08-20", "createTime" : "2022-08-20 12:10:30"}
{"index": {"_id": 4}}
{"userId": 4, "name" : "wang wu", "age" : 20, "birthday" : "2021-08-20", "createTime" : "2022-08-20 12:10:30"}
文档搜索
查找所有
GET /user/_search
或者
GET /user/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}
简单查询
注意，对于类型为text的列，会进行分词
假设现在有以下数据
[
{
"userId" : 1,
"name" : "zhang san",
"age" : 20,
"birthday" : "2022-08-20",
"createTime" : "2022-08-20 12:10:30"
},
{
"userId" : 2,
"name" : "li si",
"age" : 20,
"birthday" : "2022-08-20",
"createTime" : "2022-08-20 12:10:30"
}
]
现在根据名称查询
GET /user/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"name": "zhang"
}
}
}
会找到zhang san那条记录
GET /user/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"name": "zhang li"
}
}
}
会找到zhang san和li si两条记录，因为搜索条件会被分词为zhang和li两个词
如果想要搜索条件作为整体出现，可以使用match_phrase
如以下例子
GET /user/_search
{
"query": {
"match_phrase": {
"name": "zhang li"
}
}
}
该命令将不会查到任何结果，因为没有任何记录的名字包含zhang li
继续增加一条数据，假设目前的结果如下
[
{
"userId" : 1,
"name" : "zhang san",
"age" : 20,
"birthday" : "2022-08-20",
"createTime" : "2022-08-20 12:10:30"
},
{
"userId" : 2,
"name" : "li si",
"age" : 20,
"birthday" : "2022-08-20",
"createTime" : "2022-08-20 12:10:30"
},
{
"userId" : 3,
"name" : "zhang san shuo",
"age" : 25,
"birthday" : "2022-08-20",
"createTime" : "2022-08-20 12:10:30"
}
]
执行以下查询
GET /user/_search
{
"query": {
"match_phrase": {
"name": "zhang san"
}
}
}
将会得到zhang san以及zhang san shuo两条记录，因为这两条记录的名字都包含zhang san。
match_phrase匹配逻辑：首先也会将搜索条件进行分词，并且每个词都要命中记录，且分词的相对位置也要一样。比如搜索zhang shuo是不会匹配到zhang san shuo这条记录的，因为顺序不一致，中间还有一个san，虽然分词zhang和shuo都能命中。
范围查询
GET /user/_search
{
"query": {
"range": {
"age": {
"gte": 10,
"lte": 20
}
}
}
}
复杂查询
must = and，should = or
查找名字包含zhang san，年龄为25的记录
GET /user/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match_phrase": {
"name": "zhang san"
}
},
{
"match": {
"age": 25
}
}
]
}
}
}
得到结果为name=zhang san shuo，age=25的记录
查找名字包含zhang san或者年龄为25的记录
GET /user/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"should": [
{
"match_phrase": {
"name": "zhang san"
}
},
{
"match": {
"age": 25
}
}
]
}
}
}
得到结果为name=zhang san shuo，age=25的记录以及name=zhang san，age=20的记录
查找(name like '%zhang san%' or age = 25) and birthday = '2022-08-20'
GET /user/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"birthday": "2022-08-20"
}
},
{
"bool": {
"should": [
{
"match_phrase": {
"name": "zhang san"
}
},
{
"match": {
"age": 25
}
}
]
}
}
]
}
}
}
查找指定列
GET /user/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
},
"_source": ["name", "age"]
}
排序
GET /user/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
},
"sort": [
{
"age": {
"order": "desc"
},
"userId": {
"order": "asc"
}
}
]
}
分页
GET /user/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
},
"sort": [
{
"age": {
"order": "desc"
},
"userId": {
"order": "asc"
}
}
],
"from": 0,
"size": 2
}
注:
from: 默认为0
size: 默认为10，最大不能超过10000
标签：20,name,zhang,age,Elasticsearch,user,基本操作,08 来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/wt20/p/16610977.html