主从复制与GTID
作者：互联网
目录
1.主从形式
主从形式分为五种:
1.一主多从
2.主主复制
3.一主多从
4.多主一从
5.联级复制zhu
2.主从复制原理
主库将所有的记录写入到binlog的到中生成一个log dump线程，然后将binlog日志传给从库的i/o线程，从库还会产生两个线程，一个I/O线程，一个sqk线程
I/O线程会请求读取主库的binlog日志，并将读取到的所有记录下入到relay log（中继日志）日志中
sql线程会读取relay log文件中的日志解析成具体操作然后实现主从操作的一致，达成数据一致性。
3.主从复制配置
1.确保从数据库与主数据库里的数据一致
2.在主数据库里创建一个同步账号授权给数据库使用
3.配置主数据库（修改配置文件）
4.配置从数据库（修改配置文件）
需求：搭建两台mysql服务器，一主一从，主进行写操作，从进行读操作
3.1mysql二进制安装
参考《mysql进阶》此处步骤忽略。
3.2mysql主从配置
3.2.1 确保从数据库与主数据库里面的数据完成一致
master
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| liuyang |
| liuyang123 |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
slave
mysql> show databases
-> ;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
全备主库
//全备主库是需要开启另外一个终端，给数据库加上读锁防止别人在备份期间进行操作
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[root@master ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pliuyang123! --all-databases > /opt/all-20220802.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master ~]# scp /opt/all-20220802.sql root@192.168.124.129:/opt/
The authenticity of host '192.168.124.129 (192.168.124.129)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:gpQekwQwQvWT0VhHm4D0jUyHrgl0SOQIgerJhIyzOvs.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.124.129' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.124.129's password:
all-20220802.sql 100% 860KB 57.0MB/s 00:00
//在从库上查看数据库确认主库的数据已经迁移过来
[root@slave ~]# mysql -uroot -pliuyang123! < /opt/all-20220802.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@slave ~]# mysql -uroot -pliuyang123! -e 'show databases;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| liuyang |
| liuyang123 |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
在主数据库中创建一个同步用户授权给从数据库使用
mysql> create user 'repl'@'192.168.124.129' identified by 'liuyang123!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.124.129';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
3.2.3 配置主数据库
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
sql-mode = STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=10
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
//查看主库的状态
[root@master ~]# mysql -uroot -pliuyang123! -e 'show master status\G;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: mysql-bin.000001
Position: 154
Binlog_Do_DB:
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
3.2.4配置从数据库
[root@slave ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
sql-mode = STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
server-id=15
relay-log=mysql-relay-bin
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
//重启mysql
[root@slave ~]# systemctl restart mysqld.service
//配置并启动主从复制
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.124.131', master_user='repl',master_password='liuyang123!', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001', master_loog_pos=154;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
//查看从服务器状态
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.124.131
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
3.2.5测试验证
主
mysql> insert liu values(3,'l'),(4,'y');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from liu;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | liu |
| 2 | yang |
| 3 | l |
| 4 | y |
+----+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//在从数据库中查看是否同步
mysql> select * from liu;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | liu |
| 2 | yang |
| 3 | l |
| 4 | y |
+----+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
GTID主从配置
主库配置
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
sql-mode = STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
log-bin=mysql_bin
server-id=10
gtid_mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=on
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
从库配置
[root@slave ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
sql-mode = STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
server-id=15
relay-log=myrelay
gtid_mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=on
read_only=on
master-info-repository=table
relay-log-info-repository=table
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
主库授权复制用户
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'%' identified by 'liuyang123!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
从库设置要同步的主库信息，并开启同步
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.124.128',
-> master_port=3306,master_user='repl',master_password='liuyang123!',
-> master_auto_position=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.124.128
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 737
Relay_Log_File: myrelay.000004
Relay_Log_Pos: 950
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
查看是否主从同步完成
//主
mysql> insert liu(id,name)values(1,'l'),(2,'y');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from liu;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | l |
| 2 | y |
+----+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//从
mysql> use liuyang;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from liu;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | l |
| 2 | y |
+----+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
GTID与传统主从复制的区别是什么
普通主从复制主要是基于二进制日志文件位置的复制，因此主必须启动二进制日志记录并建立唯一的服务器ID，复制组中的每个服务器都必须配置唯一的服务器ID
全局事务标识符（GTID）是创建的唯一标识符，并与在源（主）服务器上提交的每个事务相关联。此标识符不但是唯一的，而且在给定复制设置中的所有服务器上都是唯一的。所有交易和所有GTID之间都有一对一的映射关系 。它由服务器ID以及事务ID组合而成。这个全局事务ID不仅仅在原始服务器上唯一，在所有存在主从关系 的mysql服务器上也是唯一的。正是因为这样一个特性使得mysql的主从复制变得更加简单，以及数据库一致性更可靠。一个GTID在一个服务器上只执行一次，避免重复执行导致数据混乱或者主从不一致。
标签：主从复制,log,NO,数据库,master,mysql,sec,GTID 来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/TQingS/p/16543374.html