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rest_framework框架视图

2022-07-18 14:03:41 作者：互联网

视图：restframework中提供了两个视图基类，APIView和GenericAPIView

那么这两个视图基类有什么区别呢，本质上是差不多，但是GenericAPIView在APIView的基础上封装了一层，

这使得我们在实现相同功能的情况下书写的代码更少

1 基于APIView写接口

点击查看代码

# url.py
from django.urls import path,re_path
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
    path('api/book/',views.BookView.as_view()),
    re_path(r'^api/book/(?P<pk>\d+)',views.BookDetailView.as_view())
]


# models.py
class Book(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price=models.CharField(max_length=32)



# ser.py
from rest_framework import serializers
from app01.models import Book

# Book模型类的序列化器
# 这里我们为了方便不书写任何校验规则
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model=Book
        fields='__all__'




# view.py
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from app01.models import Book
from app01.ser import BookSerializer
class BookView(APIView):
    def get(self,reqeust):
        book_list=Book.objects.all()
        book_ser=BookSerializer(instance=book_list,many=True)
        return Response(book_ser.data)

    def post(self,request):
        book_ser=BookSerializer(data=request.data)
        if book_ser.is_valid():
            book_ser.save()
            return Response({'status':200,'msg':'success'})
        return Response({'status':101,'msg':'error'})


class BookDetailView(APIView):
    def get(self,request,pk):
        book=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        book_ser=BookSerializer(instance=book)
        return Response(book_ser.data)

    def put(self,request,pk):
        book=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        book_ser=BookSerializer(instance=book,data=request.data)
        if book_ser.is_valid():
            book_ser.save()
            return Response(book_ser.data)
        return Response({'status':101,'msg':'error'})

    def delete(self,request,pk):
        Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()
        return Response({'status':200,'msg':'success'})

可以发现这样书写非常繁琐，当我们有多张表需要操作是很麻烦

2 基于GenericAPIView写接口

继承关系：GenerciAPIView继承了APIView
在APIV的基础上拓展了一些方法，比如获取对象queryset对象，和获取序列化器的方法
所以我们在书写继承GenericAPIView接口类是要书写 queryset = 模型类.objects.all() | serializer_class = 序列化器

接口示例

点击查看代码

# url.py
from django.urls import path,re_path
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
    path('api/book/',views.BookView.as_view()),
    re_path(r'^api/book/(?P<pk>\d+)',views.BookDetailView.as_view())
]



# models.py
class Book(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price=models.CharField(max_length=32)




# ser.py
from rest_framework import serializers
from app01.models import Book

# Book模型类的序列化器
# 这里我们为了方便不书写任何校验规则
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model=Book
        fields='__all__'





# views.py
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from app01.models import Book
from app01.ser import BookSerializer
from rest_framework.response import Response
class BookView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset=Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    def get(self,request):
        book_list=self.get_queryset()
        book_ser=self.get_serializer(instance=book_list,many=True)
        return Response(book_ser.data)

    def post(self,request):
        book_ser=self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        if book_ser.is_valid():
            book_ser.save()
            return Response({'status':200,'msg':'success'})
        return Response({'status':101,'msg':'error'})



class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    def get(self,request,pk):
        book=self.get_queryset().filter(pk=pk).first()
        book_ser=self.get_serializer(instance=book)
        return Response(book_ser.data)

    def put(self,request,pk):
        book=self.get_queryset().filter(pk=pk).first()
        book_ser=self.get_serializer(instance=book,data=request.data)
        if book_ser.is_valid():
            book_ser.save()
            return Response(book_ser.data)
        return Response({'status':101,'msg':'error'})

    def delete(self,request,pk):
        self.get_queryset().filter(pk=pk).delete()
        return Response({'status':200,'msg':'success'})

2.1 基于GenericAPIView的5个视图扩展类写的接口

点击查看代码

# views.py
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin,ListModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin
from app01.models import Book
from app01.ser import BookSerializer


class BookView(GenericAPIView,ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin):
    queryset = Book.objects
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    def get(self,request):
        return self.list(request)

    def post(self,request):
        return self.create(request)

class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView,DestroyModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin):
    queryset = Book.objects
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    def get(self,request,pk):
        return self.retrieve(request,pk)

    def put(self,request,pk):
        return self.update(request,pk)

    def delete(self,request,pk):
        return self.destroy(request,pk)

3 ViewSetMixin

ViewSetMixin的导入: from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSetMixin
主要作用：我们在写视图类是，内如接受各种请求方式的函数名字是固定的，而通过ViewSetMixin就可修改视图类中的函数名称，比如：原来我们接受get请求的函数定义def get(self,request)：而通过ViewSetMixin可以自定义为def get_all_book(self,request):

3.1 ViewSetMixin的使用

点击查看代码

# url.py
from django.urls import path,re_path
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
    path('api/book/',views.BookView.as_view({'get':'get_all_book'})), #需要在as_view中声明，应为ViewSetMixin重写了as_view方法
    # re_path(r'^api/book/(?P<pk>\d+)',views.BookDetailView.as_view())
]


# views.py
from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSetMixin
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from app01.ser import BookSerializer
from app01.models import Book
from rest_framework.response import Response
class BookView(ViewSetMixin,APIView): # 继承的类第一个必须是ViewSetMixin，应为ViewSetMixin重写了as_view方法
    def get_all_book(self,request):
        book_list=Book.objects.all()
        book_ser=BookSerializer(instance=book_list,many=True)
        return Response(book_ser.data)

4 基于ModelViewSet编写接口

继承关系：modelViewSet继承了GenerciAPIView和其五个视图扩展方法

点击查看代码

# url.py
from django.urls import path,re_path
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
    path('api/book/',views.BookView.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'})),
    re_path(r'^api/book/(?P<pk>\d+)',views.BookView.as_view({'get':'retrieve','put':'update','delete':'destroy'}))
]




# views.py
from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSetMixin,ViewSet,ModelViewSet,GenericViewSet
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from app01.ser import BookSerializer
from app01.models import Book
from rest_framework.response import Response


class BookView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Book.objects
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

总结

可以发现，通过一步一步封装，我们所需要书写的代码越来越少

关系

标签：ser,self,request,rest,framework,book,视图,pk,import
来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/mress/p/16488488.html