circuit

[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: circuite, from Latin circuitus, past participle of circumire, circuire 'to go around', from circum ( CIRCUM-) + ire 'to go']

An electrical [电的; 与电有关的] network is an interconnection of electrical components (e.g., batteries, resistors, inductors, capacitors, switches, transistors) or a model of such an interconnection, consisting of electrical elements (e.g., voltage sources, current sources, resistances, inductances, capacitances). An electrical circuit is a network consisting of a closed loop, giving a return path for the current [(电)流].

A circuit diagram (electrical diagram, elementary diagram, electronic schematic) is a graphical representation of an electrical circuit. A pictorial circuit diagram uses simple images of components, while a schematic diagram shows the components and interconnections of the circuit using standardized symbolic representations.

An electronic [having transistors or chips] circuit is composed of individual electronic components, such as resistors, transistors, capacitors, inductors [感应器] and diodes [二极管], connected by conductive wires or traces through which electric current can flow. To be referred to as electronic, rather than electrical, generally at least one active component must be present.

Analog electronic circuits are those in which current or voltage may vary continuously with time to correspond to the information being represented. In digital electronic circuits, electric signals take on discrete values, to represent logical and numeric values. Digital circuits make extensive use of transistors, interconnected to create logic gates that provide the functions of Boolean logic: AND, NAND, OR, NOR, XOR and combinations thereof. A Boolean circuit is a mathematical model for combinational digital logic circuits. Mixed-signal or hybrid circuits contain elements of both analog and digital circuits. Examples include comparators, timers, phase-locked loops, analog-to-digital converters, and digital-to-analog converters.

An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece (or "chip") of semiconductor material that is normally silicon. The integration of large numbers of tiny MOS transistors into a small chip results in circuits that are orders of magnitude smaller, faster, and less expensive than those constructed of discrete electronic components.

A magnetic circuit is made up of one or more closed loop paths containing a magnetic flux. The flux is usually generated by permanent magnets or electromagnets and confined to the path by magnetic cores consisting of ferromagnetic materials like iron, although there may be air gaps or other materials in the path.

A hydraulic circuit is a system comprising an interconnected set of discrete components that transport liquid. The purpose of this system may be to control where fluid flows (as in a network of tubes of coolant in a thermodynamic system) or to control fluid pressure (as in hydraulic amplifiers). For example, hydraulic machinery uses hydraulic circuits (in which hydraulic fluid is pushed, under pressure, through hydraulic pumps, pipes, tubes, hoses, hydraulic motors, hydraulic cylinders, and so on) to move heavy loads.

六级/考研单词: component, transistor, volt, loop, diagram, elementary, electron, compose, conduct, trace, correspond, digit, logic, mathematics, hybrid, convert, integrate, norm, silicon, magnitude, expense, construct, perpetual, magnet, confine, comprise, liquid, fluid, pump, hose, motor, cylinder

标签：circuits,hydraulic,diagram,electrical,circuit,electronic
来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/funwithwords/p/16379703.html