实验五
作者:互联网
task1_1:
#include <stdio.h> #define N 5 #define M 80 typedef struct { char name[M]; // 书名 char author[M]; // 作者 } Book; int main() { Book x[N] = { {"一九八四", "乔治.奥威尔"}, {"美丽新世界", "赫胥黎"}, {"昨日的世界", "斯蒂芬.茨威格"}, {"万历十五年", "黄仁宇"}, {"一只特立独行的猪", "王小波"} }; int i; FILE *fp; fp = fopen("data1.txt", "w"); if(fp == NULL) { printf("fail to open file\n"); return 1; } for(i=0; i<N; ++i) { fprintf(fp, "%-20s %-20s\n", x[i].name, x[i].author); printf("%-20s %-20s\n", x[i].name, x[i].author); } fclose(fp); return 0; }
task1_2:
#include <stdio.h> #define N 5 #define M 80 typedef struct { char name[M]; // 书名 char author[M]; // 作者 } Book; int main() { Book x[N]; int i; FILE *fp; // 以读的方式打开文本文件data1.txt fp = fopen("data1.txt", "r"); // 如果打开文件失败,输出提示信息并返回 if(fp == NULL) { printf("fail to open file\n"); return 1; } // 从fp指向的文件data1.txt中读取信息到结构体数组x // 同时,把x的内容输出到屏幕上 for(i=0; i<N; ++i) { fscanf(fp, "%s %s\n", x[i].name, x[i].author); printf("%-20s %-20s\n", x[i].name, x[i].author); } fclose(fp); return 0; }
Q:line35,从文件中读取图书名、图书作者时,为什么x[i].name和x[i].author前面没有地址符&?
A:它本身就是地址符,所以不需要加&
task2-1:
#include <stdio.h> #define N 5 #define M 80 typedef struct { char name[M]; // 书名 char author[M]; // 作者 }Book; int main() { Book x[N] = { {"一九八四", "乔治.奥威尔"}, {"美丽新世界", "赫胥黎"}, {"昨日的世界", "斯蒂芬.茨威格"}, {"万历十五年", "黄仁宇"}, {"一只特立独行的猪", "王小波"} }; int i; FILE *fp; // 以写的方式打开二进制文件data2.dat fp = fopen("data2.dat", "wb"); // 如果打开文件失败,输出提示信息并返回 if(fp == NULL) { printf("fail to open file\n"); return 1; } // 将结构体数组x中的图书信息写以数据块方式写入文件 // 把从地址x处开始sizeof(Book)×N个字节大小的数据块写入fp指向的文件 fwrite(x, sizeof(Book), N, fp); fclose(fp); return 0; }
task2_2:
#include <stdio.h> #define N 5 #define M 80 typedef struct { char name[M]; // 书名 char author[M]; // 作者 }Book; int main() { Book x[N]; int i; FILE *fp; // 以读的方式打开二进制文件data2.dat fp = fopen("data2.dat", "rb"); // 如果打开文件失败,输出提示信息并返回 if(fp == NULL) { printf("fail to open file\n"); return 1; } // 从fp指向的文件中读取数据块到x对应的地址单元 // 数据块大小为sizeof(Book)×N fread(x, sizeof(Book), N, fp); // 在屏幕上输出结构体数组x中保存的数据 for(i=0; i<N; ++i) printf("%-20s%-20s\n", x[i].name, x[i].author); fclose(fp); return 0; }
task3
#include <stdio.h> int main() { FILE *fin, *fout; char ch; // 以只读、文本方式打开文件data3_1.txt fin = fopen("data3_1.txt", "r"); // 如果打开失败,输出提示信息并返回 if(fin == NULL) { printf("fail to open data3_1.txt\n"); return 1; } // 以写、文本方式打开文件data3_2.txt fout = fopen("data3_2.txt", "w"); // 如果打开失败,输出提示信息并返回 if(fout == NULL) { printf("fail to open data3_2.txt\n"); return 1; } // 当fin指向的文件data1_txt没有结束时 while( !feof(fin) ) { // 从fin指向的文件data1_txt读取单个字符 ch = fgetc(fin); // 如果ch是小写字母,转换成大写 if(ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') ch -= 32; // 将字符变量ch中的字符写入fout指向的文件data3_2.txt fputc(ch, fout); } fclose(fin); fclose(fout); return 0; }
#include <stdio.h> int main() { int i,c=0; char ch; FILE *fin; fin = fopen("data3_1.txt","r"); if(fin == NULL) { printf("fail to open data3_1.txt\n"); return 1; } while(!feof(fin)) { ch = fgetc(fin); if(ch!=' '&&ch!='\t'&&ch!='\n'&&ch!=EOF) c++; } fclose(fin); printf("data3_1.txt中共包含字符数:%d个",c); return 0; }
task4:
#include <stdio.h> #define N 5 typedef struct { long no; char name[20]; int score; } STU; int findMinlist(STU s[], int n, STU t[]); int main() { STU stu[N], minlist[N]; int count, i; FILE *fin, *fout; // 从文件中读取学生数据到结构体数组stu中,并在屏幕上打印输出 fin = fopen("data4_1.txt", "r"); if(fin == NULL) { printf("fail to open file\n"); return 1; } for(i=0; i<N; ++i) { fscanf(fin, "%ld %s %d", &stu[i].no, stu[i].name, &stu[i].score); printf("%ld %s %d\n", stu[i].no, stu[i].name, stu[i].score); } fclose(fin); // 查找最低分学生信息并统计最低分学生人数 count = findMinlist(stu, N, minlist); // 将最低分学生信息在屏幕上打印输出 printf("\n一共有%d个最低分,信息如下: \n", count); for(i=0; i<count; ++i) printf("%ld %s %d\n", minlist[i].no, minlist[i].name, minlist[i].score); // 将最低分学生信息写入文件data4_2.txt fout = fopen("data4_2.txt", "w"); if(fout == NULL) { printf("fail to open file\n"); return 1; } for(i=0; i<count; ++i) fprintf(fout, "%ld %s %d\n", minlist[i].no, minlist[i].name, minlist[i].score); fclose(fout); return 0; } int findMinlist(STU s[], int n, STU t[]) { int i, k, min_score; // 找最低分 min_score = s[0].score; for(i=1; i<n; ++i) if(s[i].score < min_score) min_score = s[i].score; // 统计最低分人数,把最低分学生信息保存到数组t k = 0; for(i=0; i<n; ++i) if(s[i].score == min_score) { t[k] = s[i]; ++k; } return k; }
task5:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define N 10 typedef struct { long int id; char name[20]; float objective; float subjective; /*操作题得分*/ float sum; char level[10]; } STU; // 函数声明 void input(STU s[], int n); void output(STU s[], int n); void process(STU s[], int n); int main() { STU stu[N]; printf("从文件读入%d个考生信息: 准考证号,姓名,客观题得分(<=40),操作题得分(<=60)\n", N); input(stu, N); printf("\n对考生信息进行处理: 计算总分,确定等级\n"); process(stu, N); printf("\n打印考生完整信息, 并保存到文件中"); output(stu, N); return 0; } // 从文本文件examinee.txt读入考生信息:准考证号,姓名,客观题得分,操作题得分 void input(STU s[], int n) { int i; FILE *fin; fin = fopen("examinee.txt", "r"); if (fin == NULL) { printf("fail to open file\n"); exit(0); } while (!feof(fin)) { for (i = 0; i < n; i++) fscanf(fin, "%ld %s %f %f", &s[i].id, s[i].name, &s[i].objective, &s[i].subjective); } fclose(fin); } //输出考生完整信息: 准考证号,姓名,客观题得分,操作题得分,总分,等级 // 不仅输出到屏幕上,还写到文本文件result.txt中 void output(STU s[], int n) { FILE *fout; int i; // 输出到屏幕 printf("\n"); printf("准考证号\t姓名\t客观题得分\t操作题得分\t总分\t\t等级\n"); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) printf("%ld\t\t%s\t%.2f\t\t%.2f\t\t%.2f\t\t%s\n", s[i].id, s[i].name, s[i].objective, s[i].subjective, s[i].sum, s[i].level); // 保存到文件 fout = fopen("result.txt", "w"); if (!fout) { printf("fail to open or create result.txt\n"); exit(0); } fprintf(fout, "准考证号\t\t姓名\t客观题得分\t操作题得分\t总分\t\t等级\n"); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) fprintf(fout, "%ld\t\t%s\t%.2f\t\t%.2f\t\t%.2f\t\t%s\n", s[i].id, s[i].name, s[i].objective, s[i].subjective, s[i].sum, s[i].level); fclose(fout); } // 对考生信息进行处理:计算总分,排序,确定等级 void process(STU s[], int n) { int i,j,k; float Y,L; STU temp; for(i=0;i<n;i++) s[i].sum=s[i].objective+s[i].subjective; for(i=1;i<n;i++) for(j=0;j<i;j++) { if(s[i].sum>s[j].sum) { k=j; temp=s[i]; for(j=i-1;j>=k;j--) s[j+1]=s[j]; s[k]=temp; } } Y=s[(int)(n*0.1-1)].sum; L=s[(int)(n*0.5-1)].sum; for(i=0;i<n;i++) if(s[i].sum>=Y) strcpy(s[i].level,"优秀"); else if(s[i].sum>=L) strcpy(s[i].level,"合格"); else strcpy(s[i].level,"不合格"); }
task6:
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h> #define M 80 #define N 5 typedef struct { long int id; char name[20]; char classes[80]; int target; } STU; void input(STU s[], int n); void random(STU s[],STU lucky[],int m,int n); void output(STU lucky[], int n); int main() { STU stu[M]; STU lucky[N]; input(stu, M); random(stu,lucky,M,N); output(lucky,N); return 0; } void input(STU s[], int n) { int i; FILE *fin; fin = fopen("list.txt", "r"); if (fin == NULL) { printf("fail to open file\n"); exit(0); } while (!feof(fin)) { for (i = 0; i < n; i++) fscanf(fin, "%ld %s %s", &s[i].id, s[i].name, s[i].classes); } fclose(fin); } void random(STU s[],STU lucky[],int m,int n) { int x[m]; int k = 0; srand(time(NULL)); while (k < n) { int i = rand()%m + 1; if(x[i] == 1) continue; lucky[k] = s[i]; x[i] = 1; k++; } } void output(STU lucky[], int n) { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) printf("%ld\t%-10s %-10s\n", lucky[i].id, lucky[i].name, lucky[i].classes); FILE *fout; fout = fopen("lucky2.txt", "w"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) fprintf(fout, "%ld\t%-10s %-10s\n", lucky[i].id, lucky[i].name, lucky[i].classes); fclose(fout); }
标签:fp,int,char,STU,实验,txt,fin 来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/hezroy/p/16349557.html