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SpringCloud 服务治理

作者:互联网

目录


1. Eureka

1.1 Eureka 介绍

Eureka 是 Netflix 公司开源的一个服务注册与发现的组件。

• Eureka 和其他 Netflix 公司的服务组件(例如负载均衡、熔断器、网关等) 一起,被 SpringCloud 社区整合为 Spring-Cloud-Netflix 模块。

• Eureka 包含两个组件:Eureka Server(注册中心)和 Eureka Client(服务提供者、服务消费者)。

image


1.2 Eureka 快速入门

image

搭建步骤:

  1. 搭建 Provider 和 Consumer 服务。
  2. 使用 RestTemplate 完成远程调用。
  3. 搭建 Eureka Server 服务。
  4. 改造 Provider 和 Consumer,成为 Eureka Client。
  5. Consumer 服务通过从 Eureka Server 中抓取 Provider 地址,完成远程调用。

父工程

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>eureka-parent</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>eureka-provider</module>
        <module>eureka-consumer</module>
        <module>eureka-server</module>
    </modules>

    <parent>
        <!-- spring boot 环境 -->
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- 简化POJO -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <!-- Spring Cloud 依赖管理 -->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <!--spring cloud 版本-->
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

</project>

Eureka Server(子工程)

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>eureka-parent</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>eureka-server</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- eureka-server -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

</project>

启动类

package com;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer  // 启用 EurekaServer(不声明也是默认启动)
public class EurekaApp {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaApp.class, args);
    }
}

application.yml

server:
  port: 8761

# eureka 配置:共分为四部分配置
# 1. dashboard: eureka 的 web 控制台配置
# 2. server:    eureka 的服务端配置
# 3. client:    eureka 的客户端配置
# 4. instance:  eureka 的实例配置

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost # 主机名
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka  # eureka 服务端地址,将来客户端使用该地址和 eureka 进行通信
    register-with-eureka: false  # 是否将自己的路径注册到 eureka 上(eureka server 需要;eureka provider client 不需要)。默认:true
    fetch-registry: false  # 是否需要从 eureka 中抓取路径(eureka server 不需要;eureka consumer client 需要)。默认:true

Eureka 控制台

运行启动类后,访问 localhost:8761 即可进入Eureka 控制台:

image


服务提供者(子工程)

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>eureka-parent</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>eureka-provider</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- spring boot web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- eureka-client -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

启动类

package com;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

/**
 * 启动类
 */
@EnableEurekaClient  // 该注解在SpringCloud新版本中可以省略
@SpringBootApplication
public class ProviderApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ProviderApp.class, args);
    }
}

application.yml

server:
  port: 8000

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost  # 主机名
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka  # eureka服务端地址,将来客户端使用该地址和eureka进行通信
spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-provider  # 设置当前应用的名称。这会在eureka中Application显示,且需要使用该名称来获取路径

domain

package com.domain;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Goods {

    private int id;
    private String name;
    private double price;
    private int skuNum;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Goods{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", skuNum=" + skuNum +
                '}';
    }
}

controller

package com.controller;

import com.domain.Goods;
import com.service.GoodsService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/goods")
public class GoodsController {

    @Autowired
    private GoodsService goodsService;

    @GetMapping("findOne/{id}")
    public Goods findGoods(@PathVariable("id") int id){
        return goodsService.findOne(id);
    }
}

service

package com.service;

import com.dao.GoodsDao;
import com.domain.Goods;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class GoodsService {

    @Autowired
    private GoodsDao goodsDao;

    public Goods findOne(int id){
        return goodsDao.findOne(id);
    }
}

dao

package com.dao;

import com.domain.Goods;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public class GoodsDao {

    public static Goods findOne(int id){
        Goods phone = new Goods(1, "华为P10", 6999.00, 20);
        return phone;
    }

}

服务调用者(子工程)

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>eureka-parent</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>eureka-consumer</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- spring boot web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- eureka-client -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

启动类

package com;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@EnableDiscoveryClient  // 激活DiscoveryClient
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class ConsumerApp {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApp.class, args);
    }
}

application.yml

server:
  port: 8001

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost  # 主机名
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka  # eureka服务端地址,将来客户端使用该地址和eureka进行通信
spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-consumer  # 设置当前应用的名称。这会在eureka中Application显示,且需要使用该名称来获取路径

RestTemplateConfig

package com.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

domain

package com.domain;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Goods {

    private int id;
    private String name;
    private double price;
    private int skuNum;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Goods{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", skuNum=" + skuNum +
                '}';
    }
}

controller

package com.controller;

import com.domain.Goods;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * 服务调用方
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
public class OrderController {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Autowired
    private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;

    @GetMapping("/goods/{id}")
    public Goods findOrderByGoodsId(@PathVariable("id") int id) {
        /*
            动态从 Eureka Server 中获取 provider 的 ip 和端口
             1. 注入 DiscoveryClient 对象.激活
             2. 调用方法
         */
        // 演示 discoveryClient 使用
        List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("EUREKA-PROVIDER");  // 服务提供者所配置的实例名称(不区分大小写)
        // 判断集合是否有数据
        if(instances == null || instances.size() == 0){
            // 集合没有数据
            return null;
        }
        ServiceInstance instance = instances.get(0);
        String host = instance.getHost();  // 获取ip
        int port = instance.getPort();  // 获取端口
        /*
            远程调用Goods服务中的findOne接口:使用RestTemplate
            1. 定义Bean  restTemplate
            2. 注入Bean
            3. 调用方法
         */
        String url = String.format("http://%s:%d/goods/findOne/%d", host, port, id);
        Goods goods = restTemplate.getForObject(url, Goods.class);
        return goods;
    }
}

运行效果:

访问 http://localhost:8001/order/goods/1 ,返回:{"id":1,"name":"华为P10","price":6999.0,"skuNum":20}


1.3 Eureka 相关配置及特性

instance 相关属性

常用配置:

image


server 相关属性

常用配置:

image

注意:上述配置一般在生产环境保持默认即可(生产环境配置原则是尽量减少环境变化),在开发或测试则可以为了方便而修改配置。


1.4 Eureka 高可用

image

搭建示例:

  1. 搭建两个 Eureka Server
  2. 分别进行配置:相互注册
  3. Eureka Client 分别注册到这两个 Eureka Server 中

Eureka Server 搭建

修改本地 host 文件:

image

eureka-server-1

application.yml:

server:
  port: 8761

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: eureka-server1  # 主机名
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka-server2:8762/eureka
    register-with-eureka: true  # 是否将自己的路径 注册到eureka上。eureka server 不需要的,eureka provider client 需要
    fetch-registry: true  # 是否需要从eureka中抓取路径。eureka server 不需要的,eureka consumer client 需要

spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-server-ha

eureka-server-2

application.yml:

server:
  port: 8762

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: eureka-server2  # 主机名
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka-server1:8761/eureka

    register-with-eureka: true  # 是否将自己的路径 注册到eureka上。eureka server 不需要的,eureka provider client 需要
    fetch-registry: true  # 是否需要从eureka中抓取路径。eureka server 不需要的,eureka consumer client 需要
spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-server-ha

Eureka Client 配置

分别修改服务提供者和服务消费者配置文件中的注册服务地址:

...
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka-server1:8761/eureka,http://eureka-server2:8762/eureka  # eureka 服务端地址
...

image

干掉其中一台 server,验证 client 仍能正常访问。


2. Consul

2.1 Consul 介绍

Consul 是由 HashiCorp 基于 Go 语言开发的,支持多数据中心、分布式、高可用的服务发布和注册服务软件。

启动 consul:


2.2 入门案例

image

  1. 搭建 Provider 和 Consumer 服务。
  2. 使用 RestTemplate 完成远程调用。
  3. 将 Provider 服务注册到 Consul 中。
  4. Consumer 服务 通过从 Consul 中抓取 Provider 地址完成远程调用。

Provider

<dependencies>

        <!--consul 客户端-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
server:
  port: 8000
spring:
  cloud:
    consul:
      host: localhost  # consul 服务端的 ip
      port: 8500  # consul 服务端的端口 默认8500
      discovery:
        service-name: ${spring.application.name}  # 当前应用注册到consul的名称
        prefer-ip-address: true  # 注册ip

  application:
    name: consul-provider  # 应用名称

consumer

<dependencies>
        <!--consul 客户端-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
server:
  port: 9000


spring:
  cloud:
    consul:
      host: localhost  # consul 服务端的 ip
      port: 8500  # consul 服务端的端口 默认8500
      discovery:
        service-name: ${spring.application.name}  # 当前应用注册到consul的名称
        prefer-ip-address: true  # 注册ip

  application:
    name: consul-consumer  # 应用名称
package com.consul.controller;

import com.consul.domain.Goods;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * 服务的调用方
 */

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
public class OrderController {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Autowired
    private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;

    @GetMapping("/goods/{id}")
    public Goods findGoodsById(@PathVariable("id") int id){
        // 演示discoveryClient 使用
        List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("consul-PROVIDER");

        // 判断集合是否有数据
        if(instances == null || instances.size() == 0){
            // 集合没有数据
            return null;
        }

        ServiceInstance instance = instances.get(0);
        String host = instance.getHost();  // 获取ip
        int port = instance.getPort();  // 获取端口

        System.out.println(host);
        System.out.println(port);

        String url = "http://"+host+":"+port+"/goods/findOne/"+id;
        // 3. 调用方法
        Goods goods = restTemplate.getForObject(url, Goods.class);

        return goods;
    }
}

image


3. Nacos

3.1 Nacos 介绍

Nacos(Dynamic Naming and Configuration Service) 是阿里巴巴 2018 年 7 月开源的项目。


3.2 入门案例

provider

<dependencies>

        <!-- nacos -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            <version>0.2.2.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.nacos</groupId>
            <artifactId>nacos-client</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
server:
  port: 8000
spring:
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr:  127.0.0.1:8848  # 配置nacos 服务端地址
  application:
    name: nacos-provider  # 服务名称

consumer

<dependencies>

        <!-- nacos -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            <version>0.2.2.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.nacos</groupId>
            <artifactId>nacos-client</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
server:
  port: 9000

spring:
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr:  127.0.0.1:8848  # 配置 nacos 服务端地址
  application:
    name: nacos-consumer  # 服务名称

标签:服务,spring,SpringCloud,boot,springframework,eureka,治理,import,org
来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/juno3550/p/16341024.html