https://documentation.wazuh.com/current/user-manual/ruleset/ruleset-xml-syntax/rules.html  因为是继承自ossec，所以我们从其官方文档里看二者的差异。

Rules Syntax

The Wazuh Ruleset combined with any customs rules is used to analyze incoming events and generate alerts when appropriate. The Ruleset is in constant expansion and enhancement thanks to the collaborative effort of our developers and our growing community.

Our aim is to provide the best guidance possible for anyone who may be looking into developing their own custom rules. Remember that you can always contribute to our community.

Overview

The xml labels used to configure rules are listed here.

    <rule id="184737" level="0">
        <if_sid>184736</if_sid>
        <field name="sysmon.parentImage">services.exe|svchost.exe</field>
        <description>Sysmon - Legitimate Parent Image - taskhost.exe</description>
    </rule>

rule

<rule> is the label that starts the block that defines a rule. In this section, different options for this label are explained.

Example:

<rule id="3151" level="10" frequency="8" timeframe="120">
  <if_matched_sid>3102</if_matched_sid>
  <same_source_ip />
  <description>sendmail: Sender domain has bogus MX record. </description>
  <description>It should not be sending e-mail.</description>
  <mitre>
    <id>T1114</id>
    <id>T1499</id>
  </mitre>
  <group>multiple_spam,pci_dss_11.4,gdpr_IV_35.7.d,nist_800_53_SI.4,tsc_CC6.1,tsc_CC6.8,tsc_CC7.2,tsc_CC7.3,</group>
</rule>

The rule is created with ID: 3151 and it will trigger a level 10 alert if the rule 3102 has matched 8 times in the last 120 seconds.

match

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. It will search for a match in the log event.

Example:

<rule id="100001" maxsize="300" level="3">
  <if_sid>100200</if_sid>
  <match>Queue flood!</match>
  <description>Flooded events queue.</description>
</rule>

If the rule matches the id 100200 and the log contains the Queue flood! phrase in it, rule activates and triggers a level 3 alert.

The attributes below are optional.

If match label is declared multiple times within the rule, the following rules apply:

• The resulting value is their concatenation.

• The resulting value of an attribute corresponds to the one specified in the last label. If it is not specified, the default value will be used.

regex

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. It will search for a match in the log event.

Example:

<rule id="100001" level="3">
  <if_sid>100500</if_sid>
  <regex>\d+.\d+.\d+.\d+</regex>
  <description>Matches any valid IP</description>
</rule>

If the rule matches the ìd 100500 and the event contains any valid IP, the rule is triggered and generates a level 3 alert.

The attributes below are optional.

If regex label is declared multiple times within the rule, the following rules apply:

• The resulting value is their concatenation.

• The resulting value of an attribute corresponds to the one specified in the last label. If it is not specified, the default value will be used.

decoded_as

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. It will be triggered if the event has been decoded by a certain decoder. Useful to group rules and have child rules inheriting from it.

Example:

<rule id="53500" level="0">
  <decoded_as>smtpd</decoded_as>
  <description>OpenSMTPd grouping.</description>
</rule>

The rule will be triggered if the event was decoded by the smtpd decoder. Now is possible to make more rules that will inherit from this one, specifically made for OpenSMTPd events.

category

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. It will be triggered if the decoder included that log in said category.

Example:

<rule id="01" level="0" noalert="1">
  <category>syslog</category>
  <description>Generic template for all syslog rules.</description>
</rule>

The rule will be triggered if the event has previously been cataloged syslog by the decoder, but it will not trigger an alert. Instead, it will be matched by other rules that might trigger alerts if needed.

field

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. It will check for a match in the content of a field extracted by the decoder.

Below is the list of attributes.

Example:

<rule id="87100" level="0">
    <decoded_as>json</decoded_as>
    <field name="integration">virustotal</field>
    <description>VirusTotal integration messages.</description>
    <options>no_full_log</options>
</rule>

This rule, groups events decoded from json that belong to an integration called VirusTotal. It checks the field decoded as integration and if its content is virustotal the rule is triggered.

srcip

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. It will compare any IP address or CIDR block to an IP decoded as srcip. Use "!" to negate it.

Example:

<rule id="100105" level="8">
    <if_sid>100100</if_sid>
    <srcip>10.25.23.12</srcip>
    <description>Forbidden srcip has been detected.</description> ==》这种用于黑白名单的匹配还是好用的！！！
</rule>

This rule will trigger when that exact scrip has been decoded.

The attributes below are optional.

If srcip label is declared multiple times within the rule, the following rules apply:

• The resulting value is their concatenation.

• The resulting value of an attribute corresponds to the one specified in the last label. If it is not specified, the default value will be used.

dstip

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. It will compare any IP address or CIDR block to an IP decoded as dstip. Use "!" to negate it.

Example:

<rule id="100110" level="5">
    <if_sid>100100</if_sid>
    <dstip>!198.168.41.30</dstip>
    <description>A different dstip has been detected.</description>
</rule>

This rule will trigger when an dstip different from 198.168.41.30 is detected.

The attributes below are optional.

If dstip label is declared multiple times within the rule, the following rules apply:

• The resulting value is their concatenation.

• The resulting value of an attribute corresponds to the one specified in the last label. If it is not specified, the default value will be used.

srcport

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. It will check the source port (decoded as srcport).

Example:

<rule id="100110" level="5">
    <if_sid>100100</if_sid>
    <srcport type="pcre2">^5000[0-7]$</srcport>
    <description>Source port $(srcport) is detected.</description>
</rule>

This rule will trigger when srcport is in the range of 50000 to 50007.

The attributes below are optional.

If srcport label is declared multiple times within the rule, the following rules apply:

• The resulting value is their concatenation.

• The resulting value of an attribute corresponds to the one specified in the last label. If it is not specified, the default value will be used.

dstport

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. It will check the destination port (decoded as dstport).

The attributes below are optional.

If dstport label is declared multiple times within the rule, the following rules apply:

• The resulting value is their concatenation.

• The resulting value of an attribute corresponds to the one specified in the last label. If it is not specified, the default value will be used.

data

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. It will check the data (decoded as data).

The attributes below are optional.

If data label is declared multiple times within the rule, the following rules apply:

• The resulting value is their concatenation.

• The resulting value of an attribute corresponds to the one specified in the last label. If it is not specified, the default value will be used.

extra_data

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. It will compare any string with the one decoded into the extra_data field.

Example:

<rule id="7301" level="0">
  <category>windows</category>
  <extra_data>^Symantec AntiVirus</extra_data>
  <description>Grouping of Symantec AV rules from eventlog.</description>
</rule>

This rule will trigger when the log belongs to windows category and the decoded field extra_data is: Symantec AntiVirus

The attributes below are optional.

If extra_data label is declared multiple times within the rule, the following rules apply:

• The resulting value is their concatenation.

• The resulting value of an attribute corresponds to the one specified in the last label. If it is not specified, the default value will be used.

user

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. It will check the username (decoded as user).

Example:

<rule id="140101" level="12">
  <if_group>authentication_success</if_group>
  <user negate="yes">wazuh|root</user>
  <description>Unexpected user successfully logged to the system.</description>
</rule>

This rule will trigger when a user different from root or wazuh successfully login into the system.

The attributes below are optional.

If user label is declared multiple times within the rule, the following rules apply:

• The resulting value is their concatenation.

• The resulting value of an attribute corresponds to the one specified in the last label. If it is not specified, the default value will be used.

system_name

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. It will check the system name (decoded as system_name).

The attributes below are optional.

If system_name label is declared multiple times within the rule, the following rules apply:

• The resulting value is their concatenation.

• The resulting value of an attribute corresponds to the one specified in the last label. If it is not specified, the default value will be used.

program_name

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. The program's name is decoded from syslog process name.

Example:

<rule id="1005" level="5">
  <program_name>syslogd</program_name>
  <match>^restart</match>
  <description>Syslogd restarted.</description>
  <group>pci_dss_10.6.1,gpg13_10.1,gpg13_4.14,gdpr_IV_35.7.d,hipaa_164.312.b,nist_800_53_AU.6,</group>
</rule>

The rule will trigger when the program Syslogd restarted.

The attributes below are optional.

If program_name label is declared multiple times within the rule, the following rules apply:

• The resulting value is their concatenation.

• The resulting value of an attribute corresponds to the one specified in the last label. If it is not specified, the default value will be used.

protocol

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. It will check the protocol (decoded as protocol).

The attributes below are optional.

If protocol label is declared multiple times within the rule, the following rules apply:

• The resulting value is their concatenation.

• The resulting value of an attribute corresponds to the one specified in the last label. If it is not specified, the default value will be used.

hostname

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. Any hostname (decoded as the syslog hostname) or log file.

Example:

<rule id="2931" level="0">
  <hostname>yum.log$</hostname>
  <match>^Installed|^Updated|^Erased</match>
  <description>Yum logs.</description>
</rule>

This rule will group rules for Yum logs when something is either being installed, updated or erased.

The attributes below are optional.

If hostname label is declared multiple times within the rule, the following rules apply:

• The resulting value is their concatenation.

• The resulting value of an attribute corresponds to the one specified in the last label. If it is not specified, the default value will be used.

time

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. Used for checking the time that the event was generated.

Example:

<rule id="17101" level="9">
  <if_group>authentication_success</if_group>
  <time>6 pm - 8:30 am</time>
  <description>Successful login during non-business hours.</description>
  <group>login_time,pci_dss_10.2.5,pci_dss_10.6.1,gpg13_7.1,gpg13_7.2,gdpr_IV_35.7.d,gdpr_IV_32.2,hipaa_164.312.b,nist_800_53_AU.14,nist_800_53_AC.7,nist_800_53_AU.6,</group>
</rule>

This rule will trigger when there is a successful login between 6 pm and 8 am.

weekday

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. Checks the weekday that the event was generated.

Example:

<rule id="17102" level="9">
  <if_group>authentication_success</if_group>
  <weekday>weekends</weekday>
  <description>Successful login during weekend.</description>
  <group>login_day,pci_dss_10.2.5,pci_dss_10.6.1,gpg13_7.1,gpg13_7.2,gdpr_IV_35.7.d,gdpr_IV_32.2,hipaa_164.312.b,nist_800_53_AU.14,nist_800_53_AC.7,nist_800_53_AU.6,</group>
</rule>

This rule will trigger when there is a successful login during the weekend.

id

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. It will check any ID (decoded as the ID).

Example:

<rule id="81100" level="0">
    <decoded_as>kernel</decoded_as>
    <id>usb</id>
    <description>USB messages grouped.</description>
</rule>

This rule will group the logs whose decoded ID is usb.

The attributes below are optional.

If id label is declared multiple times within the rule, the following rules apply:

• The resulting value is their concatenation.

• The resulting value of an attribute corresponds to the one specified in the last label. If it is not specified, the default value will be used.

url

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. It will check any URL (decoded as the URL).

Example:

<rule id="31102" level="0">
  <if_sid>31101</if_sid>
  <url>.jpg$|.gif$|favicon.ico$|.png$|robots.txt$|.css$|.js$|.jpeg$</url>
  <compiled_rule>is_simple_http_request</compiled_rule>
  <description>Ignored extensions on 400 error codes.</description>
</rule>

This rule is a child from a level 5 rule 31101 and becomes a level 0 rule when it confirms that the extensions are nothing to worry about.

The attributes below are optional.

If url label is declared multiple times within the rule, the following rules apply:

• The resulting value is their concatenation.

• The resulting value of an attribute corresponds to the one specified in the last label. If it is not specified, the default value will be used.

location

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. It will check the content of the field location and trying to find a match.

The location identifies the origin of the input. If the event comes from an agent, its name and registered IP address (as it was added) is appended to the location.

Example of a location for a log pulled from "/var/log/syslog" in an agent with name "dbserver" and registered with IP "any":

(dbserver) any->/var/log/syslog

The following components use a static location:

Example:

<rule id="24000" level="3">
  <location>osquery$</location>
  <description>osquery message</description>
</rule>

This rule, groups logs that come from osquery location. Triggering a level 3 alert for it.

The attributes below are optional.

If location label is declared multiple times within the rule, the following rules apply:

• The resulting value is their concatenation.

• The resulting value of an attribute corresponds to the one specified in the last label. If it is not specified, the default value will be used.

action

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. It will check any action (decoded as the ACTION).

Example:

<rule id="4502" level="4">
  <if_sid>4500</if_sid>
  <action type="osregex">warning|WARN</action>
  <description>Netscreen warning message.</description>
</rule>

This rule will trigger a level 4 alert when the decoded action from Netscreen is warning or WARN.

The attributes below are optional.

Note

Use type attribute only for regular expression match. It must be omitted if action field try to match a string.

If action label is declared multiple times within the rule, the following rules apply:

• The resulting value is their concatenation.

• The resulting value of an attribute corresponds to the one specified in the last label. If it is not specified, the default value will be used.

status

Checks the actual status of an event.

Example:

<rule id="213" level="7">
  <if_sid>210</if_sid>
  <status>aborted</status>
  <description>Remote upgrade could not be launched. Error: $(error).</description>
  <group>upgrade,upgrade_failure,</group>
</rule>

The attributes below are optional.

If status label is declared multiple times within the rule, the following rules apply:

• The resulting value is their concatenation.

• The resulting value of an attribute corresponds to the one specified in the last label. If it is not specified, the default value will be used.

srcgeoip

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. It will check the GeoIP source (decoded as srcgeoip).

The attributes below are optional.

If srcgeoip label is declared multiple times within the rule, the following rules apply:

• The resulting value is their concatenation.

• The resulting value of an attribute corresponds to the one specified in the last label. If it is not specified, the default value will be used.

dstgeoip

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. It will check the GeoIP destination (decoded as dstgeoip).

The attributes below are optional.

If dstgeoip label is declared multiple times within the rule, the following rules apply:

• The resulting value is their concatenation.

• The resulting value of an attribute corresponds to the one specified in the last label. If it is not specified, the default value will be used.

if_sid

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. Matches when an ID on the list has previously matched. It is similar to a child decoder, with the key difference that alerts can have as many descendants as necessary, whereas decoder cannot have "grandchildren".

Example:

<rule id="100110" level="5">
  <if_sid>100100, 100101</if_sid>
  <match>Error</match>
  <description>There is an error in the log.</description>
</rule>

The rule 100110 is triggered when either of the parent rules has matched and the logs contain the word "Error".

if_group

Used as a requisite to trigger the rule. Matches if the group has matched before.

Example:

<rule id="184676" level="12">
    <if_group>sysmon_event1</if_group>
    <field name="sysmon.image">lsm.exe</field>
    <description>Sysmon - Suspicious Process - lsm.exe</description>
    <group>pci_dss_10.6.1,pci_dss_11.4,gdpr_IV_35.7.d,hipaa_164.312.b,nist_800_53_AU.6,nist_800_53_SI.4,</group>
</rule>

The rule matches if the group sysmon_event1 has previously matched before and if the field decoded as sysmon.image is "lsm.exe".

if_level

Matches if the level has matched before.

if_matched_sid

Matches if an alert of the defined ID has been triggered in a set number of seconds.

This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

Note

Rules at level 0 are discarded immediately and will not be used with the if_matched_rules. The level must be at least 1, but the <no_log> option can be added to the rule to make sure it does not get logged.

Example:

<rule id="30316" level="10" frequency="10" timeframe="120">
  <if_matched_sid>30315</if_matched_sid>
  <same_source_ip />
  <description>Apache: Multiple Invalid URI requests from same source.</description>
  <mitre>
    <id>T1499</id>
  </mitre>
  <group>gdpr_IV_35.7.d,hipaa_164.312.b,invalid_request,nist_800_53_AU.14,nist_800_53_AC.7,nist_800_53_SI.4,pci_dss_10.2.4,pci_dss_11.4,tsc_CC6.1,tsc_CC6.8,tsc_CC7.2,tsc_CC7.3,</group>
</rule>

The rule is triggered when rule 30315 has been triggered 10 times in 120 seconds and if the requests were made by the same srcip.

if_matched_group

Matches if an alert of the defined group has been triggered in a set number of seconds.

This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

Example:

<rule id="40113" level="12" frequency="8" timeframe="360">
  <if_matched_group>virus</if_matched_group>
  <description>Multiple viruses detected - Possible outbreak.</description>
  <group>virus,pci_dss_5.1,pci_dss_5.2,pci_dss_11.4,gpg13_4.2,gdpr_IV_35.7.d,nist_800_53_SI.3,nist_800_53_SI.4,</group>
</rule>

The rule will trigger when the group virus has been matched 8 times in the last 360 seconds.

if_fts

Makes the decoder that processed the event to take the fts line into consideration.

Note

The dynamic filters same_field or not_same_field will not work with the static fields (user, srcip, dstip, etc.) and the specific ones have to be used instead.

same_id

Specifies that the decoded id must be the same. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

different_id

Specifies that the decoded id must be different. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

same_srcip

Specifies that the decoded source IP address must be the same. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

Deprecated label same_source_ip works like an alias for same_srcip.

different_srcip

Specifies that the decoded source IP address must be different. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

Deprecated label not_same_source_ip works like an alias for different_srcip.

same_dstip

Specifies that the decoded destination IP address must be the same. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

different_dstip

Specifies that the decoded destination IP address must be different. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

same_srcport

Specifies that the decoded source port must be the same. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

different_srcport

Specifies that the decoded source port must be different. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

same_dstport

Specifies that the decoded destination port must be the same. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

different_dstport

Specifies that the decoded destination port must be different. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

same_location

Specifies that the location must be the same. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

different_location

Specifies that the decoded location must be different. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

same_srcuser

Specifies that the decoded source user must be the same. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

different_srcuser

Specifies that the decoded source user must be different. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

same_user

Specifies that the decoded user must be the same. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

different_user

Specifies that the decoded user must be different. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

not_same_agent

Specifies that the decoded agent must be different. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

same_field

The value of the dynamic field specified in this option must appear in previous events a frequency number of times within the required timeframe.

As an example of this option, check these rules:

<!-- {"key":"value", "key2":"AAAA"} -->
<rule id="100001" level="3">
  <decoded_as>json</decoded_as>
  <field name="key">value</field>
  <description>Testing JSON alert</description>
</rule>

<rule id="100002" level="10" frequency="4" timeframe="300">
  <if_matched_sid>100001</if_matched_sid>
  <same_field>key2</same_field>
  <description>Testing same_field option</description>
</rule>

Rule 100002 will fire when key2 in the currently considered event is the same in four events that matched rule 100001 before within the last 300 seconds. Therefore, for the following events sequence:

{"key":"value", "key2":"AAAA"}
{"key":"value", "key2":"AAAA"}
{"key":"value", "key2":"BBBB"}
{"key":"value", "key2":"AAAA"}
{"key":"value", "key2":"CCCC"}
{"key":"value", "key2":"CCCC"}
{"key":"value", "key2":"AAAA"}

The last event will fire rule 100002 instead of 100001 because it found the value AAAA in three of the previous events. The corresponding alert looks like this one:

{
  "timestamp": "2020-03-04T03:00:28.973-0800",
  "rule": {
    "level": 10,
    "description": "Testing same_field option",
    "id": "100002",
    "frequency": 4,
    "firedtimes": 1,
    "mail": false,
    "groups": [
      "local"
    ]
  },
  "agent": {
    "id": "000",
    "name": "ubuntu"
  },
  "manager": {
    "name": "ubuntu"
  },
  "id": "1583319628.14426",
  "previous_output": "{\"key\":\"value\",\"key2\":\"AAAA\"}\n{\"key\":\"value\",\"key2\":\"AAAA\"}\n{\"key\":\"value\",\"key2\":\"AAAA\"}",
  "full_log": "{\"key\":\"value\",\"key2\":\"AAAA\"}",
  "decoder": {
    "name": "json"
  },
  "data": {
    "key": "value",
    "key2": "AAAA"
  },
  "location": "/root/test.log"
}

different_field

It is the opposite setting of same_field. The value of the dynamic field specified in this option must be different than the ones found in previous events a frequency number of times within the required timeframe.

global_frequency

Specifies that the events of all agents will be contemplated when using the frequency and timeframe options. By default, only the events generated by the same agent will be taken into account to increase the frequency counter for a rule.

Warning

Although the label contains the word global, this option works at manager level, not at cluster level.

same_protocol

Specifies that the decoded protocol must be the same. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

different_protocol

Specifies that the decoded protocol must be different. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

same_action

Specifies that the decoded action must be the same. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

different_action

Specifies that the decoded action must be different. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

same_data

Specifies that the decoded data must be the same. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

different_data

Specifies that the decoded data must be different. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

same_extra_data

Specifies that the decoded extra data must be the same. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

different_extra_data

Specifies that the decoded extra data must be different. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

same_status

Specifies that the decoded status must be the same. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

different_status

Specifies that the decoded status must be different. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

same_system_name

Specifies that the decoded system name must be the same. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

different_system_name

Specifies that the decoded system name must be different. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

same_url

Specifies that the decoded url must be the same. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

different_url

Specifies that the decoded url must be different. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

same_srcgeoip

Specifies that the source geoip location must be the same. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

different_srcgeoip

Specifies that the source geoip location must be different. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

Example:

As an example of these last options, check this rule:

<rule id=100005 level="0">
  <match> Could not open /home </match>
  <same_user />
  <different_srcgeoip />
  <same_dstport />
</rule>

That rule filters when the same user tries to open file /home but returns an error, on a different ip and using the same port.

same_dstgeoip

Specifies that the destination geoip location must be the same. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

different_dstgeoip

Specifies that the destination geoip location must be different. This option is used in conjunction with frequency and timeframe.

description

Specifies a human-readable description to the rule in order to provide context to each alert regarding the nature of the events matched by it.

Examples:

<rule id="100015" level="2">
  ...
  <description> A timeout occurred. </description>
</rule>

<rule id="100035" level="4">
  ...
  <description> File missing. Root access unrestricted. </description>
</rule>

Since Wazuh version 3.3 it is possible to include any decoded field (static or dynamic) to the description message. You can use the following syntax: $(field_name) to add a field to the description.

Example:

<rule id="100005" level="8">
  <match>illegal user|invalid user</match>
  <description>sshd: Attempt to login using a non-existent user from IP $(attempt_ip)</description>
  <options>no_log</options>
</rule>

If description label is declared multiple times within the rule, the following rules apply:

• The resulting value is their concatenation.

list

Perform a CDB lookup using an ossec list. This is a fast on-disk database which will always find keys within two seeks of the file.

Example:

<rule id="80780" level="3">
    <if_sid>80700</if_sid>
    <list field="audit.key" lookup="match_key_value" check_value="write">etc/lists/audit-keys</list>
    <description>Audit: Watch - Write access</description>
    <group>audit_watch_write,gdpr_IV_30.1.g,</group>
</rule>

The rule will look for "audit.key" in the CDB list. Where it will check if its equal to "write", in which case it will match and trigger a level 3 alert.

info

Extra information may be added through the following attributes:

Example:

<rule id="5714" level="14" timeframe="120" frequency="3">
  <if_matched_sid>5713</if_matched_sid>
  <match>Local: crc32 compensation attack</match>
  <description>sshd: SSH CRC-32 Compensation attack</description>
  <info type="cve">2001-0144</info>
  <info type="link">http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/2347/info/</info>
  <group>exploit_attempt,pci_dss_11.4,pci_dss_6.2,gpg13_4.12,gdpr_IV_35.7.d,nist_800_53_SI.4,nist_800_53_SI.2,</group>
</rule>

The rule provides additional information about the threat it detects.

options

Additional rule options.

Example:

<rule id="9800" level="8">
  <match>illegal user|invalid user</match>
  <description>sshd: Attempt to login using a non-existent user</description>
  <options>no_log</options>
</rule>

Note

Use one <options> tag for each option you want to add.

check_diff

Used to determine when the output of a command changes.

Example:

<rule id="534" level="1">
  <if_sid>530</if_sid>
  <match>ossec: output: 'w'</match>
  <check_diff />
  <options>no_log</options>
  <description>List of logged in users. It will not be alerted by default.</description>
</rule>

group

Add additional groups to the alert. Groups are optional tags added to alerts.

They can be used by other rules by using if_group or if_matched_group, or by alert parsing tools to categorize alerts.

Groups are variables that define behavior. When an alert includes that group label, this behavior will occur.

Example:

<rule id="3801" level="4">
  <description>Group for rules related with spam.</description>
  <group>spam,</group>
</rule>

Now, every rule with the line <group>spam,</group> will be included in that group.

It's a very useful label to keep the rules ordered.

mitre

Specifies the MITRE ATT&CK technique ID or IDs that fit in well with the rule.

Example:

<rule id="100002" level="10">
  <description>Attack technique sample.</description>
  <mitre>
    <id>T1110</id>
    <id>T1037</id>
  </mitre>
</rule>

var

Defines a variable that may be used in any place of the same file.

Example:

 <var name="joe_folder">/home/joe/</var>

  <group name="local,">

    <rule id="100001" level="5">
      <if_sid>550</if_sid>
      <field name="file">^$joe_folder</field>
      <description>A Joe's file was modified.</description>
      <group>ossec,pci_dss_10.6.1,gpg13_10.1,gdpr_IV_35.7.d,</group>
    </rule>

</group>

BAD_WORDS

<var name="BAD_WORDS">error|warning|failure</var>

BAD_WORDS is a very used use case of the <var> option.

It is used to include many words in the same variable. Later, this variable can be matched into the decoders to check if any of those words are in a caught event.

Example:

<var name="BAD_WORDS">error|warning|failure</var>

<group name="syslog,errors,">
  <rule id="XXXX" level="2">
    <match>$BAD_WORDS</match>
    <description>Error found.</description>
  </rule>
</group>

标签：decoded,提取,wazuh,expression,rule,will,value,same,ossec
来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/bonelee/p/16335254.html