KVM
作者：互联网
KVM
虚拟化介绍
虚拟化是云计算的基础。简单的说，虚拟化使得在一台物理的服务器上可以跑多台虚拟机，虚拟机共享物理机的 CPU、内存、IO 硬件资源，但逻辑上虚拟机之间是相互隔离的。
物理机我们一般称为宿主机（Host），宿主机上面的虚拟机称为客户机（Guest）。
那么 Host 是如何将自己的硬件资源虚拟化，并提供给 Guest 使用的呢？
这个主要是通过一个叫做 Hypervisor 的程序实现的。
根据 Hypervisor 的实现方式和所处的位置，虚拟化又分为两种：
全虚拟化
半虚拟化
- 全虚拟化
Hypervisor 直接安装在物理机上，多个虚拟机在 Hypervisor 上运行。Hypervisor 实现方式一般是一个特殊定制的 Linux 系统。Xen 和 VMWare 的 ESXi 都属于这个类型
- 半虚拟化
物理机上首先安装常规的操作系统，比如 Redhat、Ubuntu 和 Windows。Hypervisor 作为 OS 上的一个程序模块运行，并对管理虚拟机进行管理。KVM、VirtualBox 和 VMWare Workstation 都属于这个类型
理论上讲：
全虚拟化一般对硬件虚拟化功能进行了特别优化，性能上比半虚拟化要高；
半虚拟化因为基于普通的操作系统，会比较灵活，比如支持虚拟机嵌套。嵌套意味着可以在KVM虚拟机中再运行KVM
KVM介绍
kVM 全称是 Kernel-Based Virtual Machine。也就是说 KVM 是基于 Linux 内核实现的。
KVM有一个内核模块叫 kvm.ko，只用于管理虚拟 CPU 和内存。
那 IO 的虚拟化，比如存储和网络设备则是由 Linux 内核与Qemu来实现。
作为一个 Hypervisor，KVM 本身只关注虚拟机调度和内存管理这两个方面。IO 外设的任务交给 Linux 内核和 Qemu。
大家在网上看 KVM 相关文章的时候肯定经常会看到 Libvirt 这个东西。
Libvirt 就是 KVM 的管理工具。
其实，Libvirt 除了能管理 KVM 这种 Hypervisor，还能管理 Xen，VirtualBox 等。
-
Libvirt 包含 3 个东西：后台 daemon 程序 libvirtd、API 库和命令行工具 virsh
libvirtd是服务程序，接收和处理 API 请求；
API 库使得其他人可以开发基于 Libvirt 的高级工具，比如 virt-manager，这是个图形化的 KVM 管理工具；
virsh 是我们经常要用的 KVM 命令行工具
KVM部署
（一块网卡nat部署）
- 部署前请确保你的CPU虚拟化功能已开启。分为两种情况：
虚拟机要关机设置CPU虚拟化
物理机要在BIOS里开启CPU虚拟化
关机添加一块网络适配器
选择处理器开启cpu所有选项
关闭防火墙和selinux
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
reboot
配置网络源
cd /etc//yum.repos.d/
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
sed -i 's/\$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
sed -i 's/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
yum -y install epel-release vim wget net-tools unzip zip gcc gcc-c++
验证CPU是否支持KVM；如果结果中有vmx（Intel）或svm(AMD)字样，就说明CPU的支持的
[root@gongxue ~]# egrep -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo
vmx
kvm安装
安装依赖包
[root@gongxue ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-tools qemu-img virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer bridge-utils libguestfs-tools
启动服务
[root@gongxue ~]# systemctl start libvirtd
[root@gongxue ~]# systemctl enable libvirtd
检验安装结果
[root@gongxue ~]# lsmod|grep kvm
kvm_intel 170086 0
kvm 566340 1 kvm_intel
irqbypass 13503 1 kvm
[root@gongxue ~]# virsh -c qemu:///system list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
查看安装版本
[root@gongxue ~]# virsh --version
4.5.0
[root@gongxue ~]# virt-install --version
1.5.0
软连接
[root@gongxue ~]# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
[root@gongxue ~]# ll /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Mar 11 22:48 /usr/bin/qemu-kvm -> /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm
[root@gongxue ~]# lsmod |grep kvm
kvm_intel 170086 0
kvm 566340 1 kvm_intel
irqbypass 13503 1 kvm
查看网桥信息
[root@gongxue ~]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000c294c8c36 no ens32
virbr0 8000.525400540121 yes virbr0-nic
kvm web管理界面安装
- kvm 的 web 管理界面是由 webvirtmgr 程序提供的
安装依赖包
[root@gongxue ~]# yum -y install git python-pip libvirt-python libxml2-python python-websockify supervisor nginx python-devel
升级pip
[root@gongxue ~]# pip install --upgrade pip
Collecting pip
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d8/f3/413bab4ff08e1fc4828dfc59996d721917df8e8583ea85385d51125dceff/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.4MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.4MB 62kB/s
Installing collected packages: pip
Found existing installation: pip 8.1.2
Uninstalling pip-8.1.2:
Successfully uninstalled pip-8.1.2
Successfully installed pip-19.0.3
从github上下载webvirtmgr代码
[root@gongxue ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@gongxue src]# ls
[root@gongxue src]# git clone git://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git
Cloning into 'webvirtmgr'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 5614, done.
remote: Total 5614 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 5614
Receiving objects: 100% (5614/5614), 2.98 MiB | 389.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (3602/3602), done.
安装webvirtmgr
[root@gongxue src]# cd webvirtmgr/
[root@gongxue webvirtmgr]# pip install -r requirements.txt
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7.
Collecting django==1.5.5 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/38/49/93511c5d3367b6b21fc2995a0e53399721afc15e4cd6eb57be879ae13ad4/Django-1.5.5.tar.gz (8.1MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 8.1MB 103kB/s
Collecting gunicorn==19.5.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 2))
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f9/4e/f4076a1a57fc1e75edc0828db365cfa9005f9f6b4a51b489ae39a91eb4be/gunicorn-19.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (113kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 122kB 105kB/s
Collecting lockfile>=0.9 (from -r requirements.txt (line 5))
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c8/22/9460e311f340cb62d26a38c419b1381b8593b0bb6b5d1f056938b086d362/lockfile-0.12.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: django, gunicorn, lockfile
Running setup.py install for django ... done
Successfully installed django-1.5.5 gunicorn-19.5.0 lockfile-0.12.2
检查sqlite3是否安装
python -c 'import sqlite3'
[root@gongxue webvirtmgr]# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Oct 30 2018, 23:45:53)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sqlite3
>>> exit()
初始化帐号信息
[root@gongxue ~]# cd /usr/local/src/webvirtmgr/
[root@gongxue webvirtmgr]# python manage.py syncdb
WARNING:root:No local_settings file found.
Creating tables ...
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table django_site
Creating table servers_compute
Creating table instance_instance
Creating table create_flavor
You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes //问你是否创建超级管理员帐号
Username (leave blank to use 'root'): gx //指定超级管理员帐号用户名，默认留空为root
Email address: 123@1.com //设置超级管理员邮箱
Password: //设置超级管理员密码
Password (again): //再次输入超级管理员密码
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 6 object(s) from 1 fixture(s)
拷贝到web目录
[root@gongxue ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@gongxue src]# ls
webvirtmgr
[root@gongxue src]# cp -r webvirtmgr/ /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@gongxue src]# chown -R nginx.nginx /usr/local/nginx/html/webvirtmgr/
[root@gongxue src]# ll /usr/local/nginx/html/
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 537 Mar 8 01:27 50x.html
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 612 Mar 8 01:27 index.html.bak
drwxr-xr-x 20 nginx nginx 4096 Mar 12 01:39 webvirtmgr
生成密钥
[root@gongxue ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:nxdPghxql5K+8mzum6wzQ+wF/uOrWAqRtC1G30Vntz8 root@gongxue
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| . o . |
| . o . . |
| o . . . |
| o = ... + + . |
| * oo..S = o E |
| . o +o.+ . = . |
| . o.o. o . . |
| . +*o+o . |
| o o&%+ |
+----[SHA256]-----+
由于这里webvirtmgr和kvm服务部署在同一台机器，所以这里本地信任。如果kvm部署在其他机器，那么这个是它的ip
[root@gongxue ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.72.33
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.72.9 (192.168.72.33)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:YwaD1meeKdO7ivAg6Uzgdvnjnvjc8NT+sgJsvgS2wmU.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:8e:7c:b8:a0:64:5b:72:f5:7e:43:3d:21:9e:07:49:4e.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.72.33's password: //这里是自己root本地密码
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.72.33'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
配置端口转发
[root@gongxue ~]# ssh 192.168.72.33 -L localhost:8000:localhost:8000 -L localhost:6080:localhost:60
Last login: Mon Mar 11 22:54:53 2019 from 192.168.72.1
[root@gongxue ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 50 *:139 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6010 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6011 *:*
LISTEN 0 50 *:445 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 *:*
LISTEN 0 50 :::139 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6010 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6011 :::*
LISTEN 0 50 :::445 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6080 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:8000 :::*
配置nginx
[root@gongxue ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 655350;
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
# for more information.
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server {
listen 80;
server_name _;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
# Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
[root@gongxue ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/webvirtmgr.conf
[root@gongxue ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/webvirtmgr.conf
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name $hostname;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/webvirtmgr_access_log;
location /static/ {
root /usr/local/nginx/html/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr;
expires max;
}
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $remote_addr;
proxy_connect_timeout 600;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_send_timeout 600;
client_max_body_size 1024M;
}
}
确保bind绑定的是本机的8000端口
[root@gongxue ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
bind = '0.0.0.0:8000' //确保此处绑定的是本机的8000端口，这个在nginx配置中定义了，被代理的端口
backlog = 2048
重启nginx服务
[root@gongxue ~]# nginx -s stop
[root@gongxue ~]# nginx
[root@gongxue ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 50 *:139 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6010 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6011 *:*
LISTEN 0 50 *:445 *:*
LISTEN 0 50 :::139 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6010 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6011 :::*
LISTEN 0 50 :::445 :::*
设置supervisor
[root@gongxue ~]# vim /etc/supervisord.conf
在末尾添加如下：
[program:webvirtmgr]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /usr/share/nginx/html/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /usr/share/nginx/html/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
directory=/usr/share/nginx/html/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr.log
log_stderr=true
user=nginx
[program:webvirtmgr-console]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /usr/share/nginx/html/webvirtmgr/console/webvirtmgr-console
directory=/usr/share/nginx/html/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr-console.log
redirect_stderr=true
user=nginx
启动supervisor并设置开机自启
[root@gongxue ~]# systemctl start supervisord
[root@gongxue ~]# systemctl enable supervisord
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/supervisord.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service.
[root@gongxue ~]# systemctl status supervisord
● supervisord.service - Process Monitoring and Control Daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-03-12 00:50:14 CST; 21s ago
Main PID: 3415 (supervisord)
CGroup: /system.slice/supervisord.service
├─3415 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.co...
├─3416 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/console/webvirtmgr-con...
├─3417 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn...
├─3423 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn...
├─3424 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn...
└─3425 /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn...
Mar 12 00:50:14 gongxue systemd[1]: Starting Process Monitoring and Control.....
Mar 12 00:50:14 gongxue systemd[1]: Started Process Monitoring and Control ...n.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@gongxue ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 50 *:139 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6010 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6011 *:*
LISTEN 0 50 *:445 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 *:6080 *:*
LISTEN 0 50 :::139 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6010 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6011 :::*
LISTEN 0 50 :::445 :::*
配置nginx用户
如果有这个目录的话可不用创建
grep nginx cat /etc/passwd
没有如下创建：
[root@gongxue ~]# cd /home/
[root@gongxue home]# mkdir nginx
[root@gongxue home]# chown -R nginx.nginx nginx/
[root@gongxue home]# chmod -R 700 nginx/
[root@gongxue home]# su - nginx -s /bin/bas
base64 basename bash bashbug bashbug-64
[root@gongxue home]# su - nginx -s /bin/bash
-bash-4.2$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/home/nginx/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:gTpzNIn/ig2hBKZFGwdp8NAhQLL2l0WJzdiZX+Ovk8I nginx@gongxue
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|O+=+. *.+ |
|.*++ +.X o |
|o++ . =.o o . |
|+o. +o. o . |
|. ..=oo S . |
| . ..= . . |
| . . o o |
| + . E + |
| . o . . |
+----[SHA256]-----+
-bash-4.2$ touch ~/.ssh/config && echo -e "StrictHostKeyChecking=no\nUserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" >> ~/.ssh/config
-bash-4.2$ chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/config
-bash-4.2$ ssh-copy-id root@192.168.72.33
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/home/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.72.33' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.72.33's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@192.168.72.33'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
-bash-4.2$ exit
[root@gongxue ~]# vim /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
[Remote libvirt SSH access]
Identity=unix-user:root
Action=org.libvirt.unix.manage
ResultAny=yes
ResultInactive=yes
ResultActive=yes
[root@gongxue ~]# chown -R root.root /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
[root@gongxue ~]#systemctl restart nginx
[root@gongxue ~]# systemctl restart libvirtd
添加存储
添加镜像
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/lib/libvirt/images/
[root@localhost images]# ls
rhel-server-7.4-x86_64-dvd.iso
创建系统安装镜像
添加成功
kvm网路管理
插入光盘（点击连接）
设置在 web 上访问虚拟机的密码
启动虚拟机
用xshell连接图形化界面
安装x-manager
在xsell上建立新会话（点击隧道）
修改英文
[root@localhost ~]# echo $LANG
zh_CN.UTF-8
[root@localhost ~]# LANG=zh_us.UTF-8
连接
[root@localhost ~]# virt-manager
[root@localhost ~]# libGL error: unable to load driver: swrast_dri.so
libGL error: failed to load driver: swrast
(virt-manager:3314): Gtk-WARNING **: 11:54:37.470: Locale not supported by C library.
Using the fallback 'C' locale.
故障案例
web界面配置完成后可能会出现以下错误界面
- 解决方法是安装novnc并通过novnc_server启动一个vnc
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install novnc
[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/rc.local
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Mar 12 2019 /etc/rc.local -> rc.d/rc.local
[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/rc.d/rc.local
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 473 Jun 27 2017 /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/rc.d/rc.local
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 473 Jun 27 2017 /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
nohup novnc_server 192.168.72.33:5920 &
[root@localhost ~]# . /etc/rc.d/rc.local
VMware ESXi 安装过程介绍
在vmware安装虚拟机
镜像使用
选择上面安装
根据提示按enter
根据提示按F11（fn）
设置root密码
安装完成
安装客户机
选择下面这个应用程序
安装好双击程序
填写上面获取的ip和设置的root密码
证书警告忽略即可
在vSphere Client 中启动虚拟机创建进程
你可使用创建新的虚拟机向导创建要置于vSphere 清单中的虚拟机。可以从vSphere Client 打开该向导。在“即将完成”页面上单击完成后，你在新建虚拟机向导中进行的选择才会保存。如果未完成所有任务就取消向导，则你不能将向导恢复到取消的位置。你必须启动新的创建任务。可以在数据中心、主机、群集、资源池或虚拟机文件夹中创建新虚拟机。
点击清单
创建虚拟机
编辑虚拟机
上传镜像（右击红箭头处）
在“虚拟机编辑设置”→“CD/DVD”→“浏览
启动虚拟机
标签：KVM,nginx,gongxue,usr,root,webvirtmgr,LISTEN 来源： https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44433260/article/details/88392597