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ACK One 构建应用系统的两地三中心容灾方案

作者:互联网

作者:宇汇,壮怀,先河

概述

两地三中心是指在两个城市部署三个业务处理中心,即:生产中心、同城容灾中心、异地容灾中心。在一个城市部署 2 套环境形成同城双中心,同时处理业务并通过高速链路实现数据同步,可切换运行。在另一城市部署1套环境做异地灾备中心,做数据备份,当双中心同时故障时,异地灾备中心可切换处理业务。两地三中心容灾方案可以极大程度的保证业务的连续运行。

使用 ACK One 的多集群管理应用分发功能,可以帮助企业统一管理 3 个 K8s 集群,实现应用在 3 个 K8s 集群快速部署升级,同时实现应用在 3 个 K8s 集群上的差异化配置。配合使用 GTM(全局流量管理)可以实现在故障发生时业务流量在 3 个 K8s 集群的自动切换。对 RDS 数据层面的数据复制,本实践不做具体介绍,可参考 DTS 数据传输服务。

方案架构

1.png

前提条件

开启多集群管理主控实例 [ 1]

通过管理关联集群 [2 ] ,添加 3 个 K8s 集群到主控实例中,构建两地三中心。本实践中,作为示例,在北京部署 2 个 K8s 集群(cluster1-beijing 和 cluster2-beijing),在杭州部署 1 个 K8s 集群(cluster1-hangzhou)。

创建 GTM 实例 [3 ]

应用部署

通过 ACK One 主控实例的应用分发功能 [4 ] ,在 3 个 K8s 集群中分发应用。对比传统的脚本部署,使用 ACK One 的应用分发可获得如下收益。

2.png

本实践中,示例应用为 web 应用,包含 K8s Deployment/Service/Ingress/Configmap 资源,Service/Ingress 对外暴露服务,Deployment 读取 Configmap 中的配置参数。通过创建应用分发规则,将应用分发到 3 个 K8s 集群,包括 2 个北京集群,1 个杭州集群,实现两地三中心。分发过程中对 deployment 和 configmap 资源做差异化配置,以适应不用地点的集群,同时分发过程实现人工审核的灰度控制,限制错误的爆炸半径。

  1. 执行一下命令创建命名空间 demo。
kubectl create namespace demo
  1. 使用以下内容,创建 app-meta.yaml 文件。
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: web-demo
  name: web-demo
  namespace: demo
spec:
  replicas: 5
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: web-demo
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: web-demo
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: acr-multiple-clusters-registry.cn-hangzhou.cr.aliyuncs.com/ack-multiple-clusters/web-demo:0.4.0
        name: web-demo
        env:
        - name: ENV_NAME
          value: cluster1-beijing
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config-file
          mountPath: "/config-file"
          readOnly: true
      volumes:
      - name: config-file
        configMap:
          items:
          - key: config.json
            path: config.json
          name: web-demo
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: web-demo
  namespace: demo
  labels:
    app: web-demo
spec:
  selector:
    app: web-demo
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: web-demo
  namespace: demo
  labels:
    app: web-demo
spec:
  rules:
    - host: web-demo.example.com
      http:
        paths:
        - path: /
          pathType: Prefix
          backend:
            service:
              name: web-demo
              port:
                number: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: web-demo
  namespace: demo
  labels:
    app: web-demo
data:
  config.json: |
    {
      database-host: "beijing-db.pg.aliyun.com"
    }
  1. 执行以下命令,在主控实例上部署应用 web-demo。注意:在主控实例上创建 kube 资源并不会下发到子集群,此 kube 资源作为原数据,被后续 Application(步骤 4b)中引用。
kubectl apply -f app-meta.yaml
  1. 创建应用分发规则。

a.  执行以下命令,查看主控实例管理的关联集群,确定应用的分发目标

kubectl amc get managedcluster

预期输出:

Name                                               Alias               HubAccepted
managedcluster-cxxx   cluster1-hangzhou   true
managedcluster-cxxx   cluster2-beijing    true
managedcluster-cxxx   cluster1-beijing    true

b.  使用以下内容,创建应用分发规则 app.yaml。替换示例中的和 managedcluster-cxxx 为实际待发布集群名称。分发规则定义的最佳实践在注释中说明。

在 app.yaml 中,包含以下资源类型:Policy (type:topology) 分发目标,Policy (type: override)差异化规则, Workflow 工作流,Application 应用。具体可参考:应用复制分发 [5 ] 、应用分发差异化配置 [6 ] 和应用集群间灰度分发 [7 ]

apiVersion: core.oam.dev/v1alpha1
kind: Policy
metadata:
  name: cluster1-beijing
  namespace: demo
type: topology
properties:
  clusters: ["<managedcluster-cxxx>"] #分发目标集群1 cluster1-beijing
---
apiVersion: core.oam.dev/v1alpha1
kind: Policy
metadata:
  name: cluster2-beijing
  namespace: demo
type: topology
properties:
  clusters: ["<managedcluster-cxxx>"] #分发目标集群2 cluster2-beijing
---
apiVersion: core.oam.dev/v1alpha1
kind: Policy
metadata:
  name: cluster1-hangzhou
  namespace: demo
type: topology
properties:
  clusters: ["<managedcluster-cxxx>"] #分发目标集群3 cluster1-hangzhou
---
apiVersion: core.oam.dev/v1alpha1
kind: Policy
metadata:
  name: override-env-cluster2-beijing
  namespace: demo
type: override
properties:
  components:
  - name: "deployment"
    traits:
    - type: env
      properties:
        containerName: web-demo
        env:
          ENV_NAME: cluster2-beijing #对集群cluster2-beijing的deployment做环境变量的差异化配置
---
apiVersion: core.oam.dev/v1alpha1
kind: Policy
metadata:
  name: override-env-cluster1-hangzhou
  namespace: demo
type: override
properties:
  components:
  - name: "deployment"
    traits:
    - type: env
      properties:
        containerName: web-demo
        env:
          ENV_NAME: cluster1-hangzhou #对集群cluster1-hangzhou的deployment做环境变量的差异化配置
---
apiVersion: core.oam.dev/v1alpha1
kind: Policy
metadata:
  name: override-replic-cluster1-hangzhou
  namespace: demo
type: override
properties:
  components:
  - name: "deployment"
    traits:
    - type: scaler
      properties:
        replicas: 1          #对集群cluster1-hangzhou的deployment做副本数的差异化配置
---
apiVersion: core.oam.dev/v1alpha1
kind: Policy
metadata:
  name: override-configmap-cluster1-hangzhou
  namespace: demo
type: override
properties:
  components:
  - name: "configmap"
    traits:
    - type: json-merge-patch  #对集群cluster1-hangzhou的deployment做configmap的差异化配置
      properties:
        data:
          config.json: |
            {
              database-address: "hangzhou-db.pg.aliyun.com"
            }
---
apiVersion: core.oam.dev/v1alpha1
kind: Workflow
metadata:
  name: deploy-demo
  namespace: demo
steps:       #顺序部署cluster1-beijing,cluster2-beijing,cluster1-hangzhou。
  - type: deploy
    name: deploy-cluster1-beijing
    properties:
      policies: ["cluster1-beijing"]  
  - type: deploy
    name: deploy-cluster2-beijing
    properties:
      auto: false   #部署cluster2-beijing前需要人工审核
      policies: ["override-env-cluster2-beijing", "cluster2-beijing"] #在部署cluster2-beijing时做环境变量的差异化
  - type: deploy
    name: deploy-cluster1-hangzhou
    properties:
      policies: ["override-env-cluster1-hangzhou", "override-replic-cluster1-hangzhou", "override-configmap-cluster1-hangzhou", "cluster1-hangzhou"]
      #在部署cluster2-beijing时做环境变量,副本数,configmap的差异化
---
apiVersion: core.oam.dev/v1beta1
kind: Application
metadata:
  annotations:
    app.oam.dev/publishVersion: version8
  name: web-demo
  namespace: demo
spec:
  components:
    - name: deployment  #独立引用deployment,方便差异化配置
      type: ref-objects
      properties:
        objects:
          - apiVersion: apps/v1
            kind: Deployment
            name: web-demo
    - name: configmap   #独立引用configmap,方便差异化配置
      type: ref-objects
      properties:
        objects:
          - apiVersion: v1
            kind: ConfigMap
            name: web-demo
    - name: same-resource  #不做差异化配置
      type: ref-objects
      properties:
        objects:
          - apiVersion: v1
            kind: Service
            name: web-demo
          - apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
            kind: Ingress
            name: web-demo
  workflow:
    ref: deploy-demo
  1. 执行以下命令,在主控实例上部署分发规则 app.yaml。
kubectl apply -f app.yaml
  1. 查看应用的部署状态。
kubectl get app web-demo -n demo

预期输出,workflowSuspending 表示部署暂停

NAME       COMPONENT    TYPE          PHASE                HEALTHY   STATUS   AGE
web-demo   deployment   ref-objects   workflowSuspending   true               47h
  1. 查看应用在各个集群上的运行状态
kubectl amc get deployment web-demo -n demo -m all

预期输出:

Run on ManagedCluster managedcluster-cxxx (cluster1-hangzhou)
No resources found in demo namespace    #第一次新部署应用,工作流还没有开始部署cluster1-hangzhou
Run on ManagedCluster managedcluster-cxxx (cluster2-beijing)
No resources found in demo namespace     #第一次新部署应用,工作流还没有开始部署cluster2-beijiing,等待人工审核
Run on ManagedCluster managedcluster-cxxx (cluster1-beijing)
NAME       READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
web-demo   5/5     5            5           47h   #Deployment在cluster1-beijing集群上运行正常
  1. 人工审核通过,部署集群 cluster2-beijing,cluster1-hangzhou。
kubectl amc workflow resume web-demo -n demo
Successfully resume workflow: web-demo
  1. 查看应用的部署状态。
kubectl get app web-demo -n demo

预期输出,running 表示应用运行正常

NAME       COMPONENT    TYPE          PHASE     HEALTHY   STATUS   AGE
web-demo   deployment   ref-objects   running   true               47h
  1. 查看应用在各个集群上的运行状态
kubectl amc get deployment web-demo -n demo -m all

预期输出:

Run on ManagedCluster managedcluster-cxxx (cluster1-hangzhou)
NAME       READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
web-demo   1/1     1            1           47h
Run on ManagedCluster managedcluster-cxxx (cluster2-beijing)
NAME       READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
web-demo   5/5     5            5           2d
Run on ManagedCluster managedcluster-cxxx (cluster1-beijing)
NAME       READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
web-demo   5/5     5            5           47h
  1. 查看应用在各个集群上的 Ingress 状态
kubectl amc get ingress -n demo -m all

预期结果,每个集群的 Ingress 运行正常,公网 IP 分配成功。

Run on ManagedCluster managedcluster-cxxx (cluster1-hangzhou)
NAME       CLASS   HOSTS                  ADDRESS         PORTS   AGE
web-demo   nginx   web-demo.example.com   47.xxx.xxx.xxx   80      47h
Run on ManagedCluster managedcluster-cxxx (cluster2-beijing)
NAME       CLASS   HOSTS                  ADDRESS         PORTS   AGE
web-demo   nginx   web-demo.example.com   123.xxx.xxx.xxx   80      2d
Run on ManagedCluster managedcluster-cxxx (cluster1-beijing)
NAME       CLASS   HOSTS                  ADDRESS          PORTS   AGE
web-demo   nginx   web-demo.example.com   182.xxx.xxx.xxx   80      2d

流量管理

通过配置全局流量管理,自动检测应​用运行状态,并在异常发生时,自动切换流量到监控集群。

  1. 配置全局流量管理实例,web-demo.example.com 为示例应用的域名,请替换为实际应用的域名,并设置 DNS 解析到全局流量管理的 CNAME 接入域名。

3.png

  1. 在已创建的 GTM 示例中,创建 2 个地址池:

    1. pool-beijing:包含 2 个北京集群的 Ingress IP 地址,负载均衡策略为返回全部地址,实现北京 2 个集群的负载均衡。Ingress IP 地址可通过在主控实例上运行 “kubectl amc get ingress -n demo -m all” 获取。
    2. pool-hangzhou:包含 1 个杭州集群的 Ingress IP 地址。

4.png

  1. 在地址池中开启健康检查,检查失败的地址将从地址池中移除,不再接收流量。

5.png

  1. 配置访问策略,设置主地址池为北京地址池,备地址池为杭州地址池。正常流量都有北京集群应用处理,当所有北京集群应用不可用时,自动切换到杭州集群应用处理。

6.png

部署验证

  1. 正常情况,所有有流量都有北京的 2 个集群上的应用处理,每个集群各处理 50% 流量。
for i in {1..50}; do curl web-demo.example.com; sleep 3;  done
This is env cluster1-beijing !
Config file is {
  database-host: "beijing-db.pg.aliyun.com"
}


This is env cluster1-beijing !
Config file is {
  database-host: "beijing-db.pg.aliyun.com"
}

This is env cluster2-beijing !
Config file is {
  database-host: "beijing-db.pg.aliyun.com"
}

This is env cluster1-beijing !
Config file is {
  database-host: "beijing-db.pg.aliyun.com"
}

This is env cluster2-beijing !
Config file is {
  database-host: "beijing-db.pg.aliyun.com"
}

This is env cluster2-beijing !
Config file is {
  database-host: "beijing-db.pg.aliyun.com"
}
  1. 当集群 cluster1-beijing 上的应用异常时,GTM 将所有的流量路由到 cluster2-bejing 集群处理。
for i in {1..50}; do curl web-demo.example.com; sleep 3;  done
...
<html>
<head><title>503 Service Temporarily Unavailable</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>503 Service Temporarily Unavailable</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx</center>
</body>
</html>

This is env cluster2-beijing !
Config file is {
  database-host: "beijing-db.pg.aliyun.com"
}

This is env cluster2-beijing !
Config file is {
  database-host: "beijing-db.pg.aliyun.com"
}

This is env cluster2-beijing !
Config file is {
  database-host: "beijing-db.pg.aliyun.com"
}

This is env cluster2-beijing !
Config file is {
  database-host: "beijing-db.pg.aliyun.com"
}
  1. 当集群 cluster1-beijing 和 cluster2-beijing 上的应用同时异常时,GTM 将流量路由到 cluster1-hangzhou 集群处理。
for i in {1..50}; do curl web-demo.example.com; sleep 3;  done
<head><title>503 Service Temporarily Unavailable</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>503 Service Temporarily Unavailable</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx</center>
</body>
</html>
<html>
<head><title>503 Service Temporarily Unavailable</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>503 Service Temporarily Unavailable</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx</center>
</body>
</html>
This is env cluster1-hangzhou !
Config file is {
  database-address: "hangzhou-db.pg.aliyun.com"
}

This is env cluster1-hangzhou !
Config file is {
  database-address: "hangzhou-db.pg.aliyun.com"
}

This is env cluster1-hangzhou !
Config file is {
  database-address: "hangzhou-db.pg.aliyun.com"
}

This is env cluster1-hangzhou !
Config file is {
  database-address: "hangzhou-db.pg.aliyun.com"
}

总结

本文侧重介绍了通过 ACK One 的多集群应用分发功能,可以帮助企业管理多集群环境,通过多集群主控示例提供的统一的应用下发入口,实现应用的多集群分发,差异化配置,工作流管理等分发策略。结合 GTM 全局流量管理,快速搭建管理两地三中心的应用容灾系统。

除多集群应用分发外,ACK One 更是支持连接并管理任何地域、任何基础设施上的 Kubernetes 集群,提供一致的管理和社区兼容的 API,支持对计算、网络、存储、安全、监控、日志、作业、应用、流量等进行统一运维管控。阿里云分布式云容器平台(简称 ACK One)是面向混合云、多集群、分布式计算、容灾等场景推出的企业级云原生平台。更多内容可以查看产品介绍分布式云容器平台 ACK One [8 ]

相关链接

[1] 开启多集群管理主控实例:

https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/384048.html

[2] 通过管理关联集群:

https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/415167.html

[3] 创建 GTM 实例:

https://dns.console.aliyun.com/#/gtm2/list

[4] 应用分发功能:

https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/412652.html

[5] 应用复制分发:

https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/412653.html

[6] 应用分发差异化配置:

https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/412707.html

[7] 应用集群间灰度分发:

https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/412787.html

[8] 分布式云容器平台 ACK One:

https://www.aliyun.com/product/aliware/adcp

此处 ,了解更多 ACK One 产品详情!

标签:beijing,web,ACK,demo,hangzhou,集群,容灾,cluster1,两地
来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/alisystemsoftware/p/16251912.html