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Rust极简教程

作者：互联网

目录

简介

Rust是一门赋予每个人构建可靠且高效软件能力的编程语言。可靠主要体现在安全性上。其高效不仅限于开发效率，它的执行效率也是令人称赞的，是一种少有的兼顾开发效率和执行效率的语言。Rust 语言由 Mozilla 开发，最早发布于 2014 年 9 月。Rust 的编译器是在 MIT License 和 Apache License 2.0 双重协议声明下的免费开源软件。

特性

特征

用途

安装

以 windows 11 为例

下载 rustup-init.exe ，双击此可执行程序会打开一个命令行程序，此程序引导安装，具体安装过程：

Rust Visual C++ prerequisites

Rust requires the Microsoft C++ build tools for Visual Studio 2013 or
later, but they don't seem to be installed.

The easiest way to acquire the build tools is by installing Microsoft
Visual C++ Build Tools 2019 which provides just the Visual C++ build
tools:

  https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/

Please ensure the Windows 10 SDK and the English language pack components
are included when installing the Visual C++ Build Tools.

Alternately, you can install Visual Studio 2019, Visual Studio 2017,
Visual Studio 2015, or Visual Studio 2013 and during install select
the "C++ tools":

  https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/

Install the C++ build tools before proceeding.

If you will be targeting the GNU ABI or otherwise know what you are
doing then it is fine to continue installation without the build
tools, but otherwise, install the C++ build tools before proceeding.

Continue? (y/N) y


Welcome to Rust!

This will download and install the official compiler for the Rust
programming language, and its package manager, Cargo.

Rustup metadata and toolchains will be installed into the Rustup
home directory, located at:

  C:\Users\cml\.rustup

This can be modified with the RUSTUP_HOME environment variable.

The Cargo home directory located at:

  C:\Users\cml\.cargo

This can be modified with the CARGO_HOME environment variable.

The cargo, rustc, rustup and other commands will be added to
Cargo's bin directory, located at:

  C:\Users\cml\.cargo\bin

This path will then be added to your PATH environment variable by
modifying the HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Environment/PATH registry key.

You can uninstall at any time with rustup self uninstall and
these changes will be reverted.

Current installation options:


   default host triple: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
     default toolchain: stable (default)
               profile: default
  modify PATH variable: yes

1) Proceed with installation (default)
2) Customize installation
3) Cancel installation
>

info: profile set to 'default'
info: default host triple is x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
info: syncing channel updates for 'stable-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc'
info: latest update on 2022-01-20, rust version 1.58.1 (db9d1b20b 2022-01-20)
info: downloading component 'cargo'
  3.8 MiB /   3.8 MiB (100 %)   1.7 MiB/s in  2s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'clippy'
  1.6 MiB /   1.6 MiB (100 %)   1.5 MiB/s in  1s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'rust-docs'
 18.8 MiB /  18.8 MiB (100 %)   3.3 MiB/s in  5s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'rust-std'
 22.9 MiB /  22.9 MiB (100 %)   3.2 MiB/s in  7s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'rustc'
 65.2 MiB /  65.2 MiB (100 %) 493.2 KiB/s in  1m 14s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'rustfmt'
  2.2 MiB /   2.2 MiB (100 %) 631.2 KiB/s in  3s ETA:  0s
info: installing component 'cargo'
info: installing component 'clippy'
info: installing component 'rust-docs'
 18.8 MiB /  18.8 MiB (100 %)   1.9 MiB/s in  6s ETA:  0s
info: installing component 'rust-std'
 22.9 MiB /  22.9 MiB (100 %)  10.5 MiB/s in  2s ETA:  0s
info: installing component 'rustc'
 65.2 MiB /  65.2 MiB (100 %)  12.2 MiB/s in  5s ETA:  0s
info: installing component 'rustfmt'
info: default toolchain set to 'stable-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc'

  stable-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc installed - rustc 1.58.1 (db9d1b20b 2022-01-20)


Rust is installed now. Great!

To get started you may need to restart your current shell.
This would reload its PATH environment variable to include
Cargo's bin directory (%USERPROFILE%\.cargo\bin).

Press the Enter key to continue.

核心组件

常用命令

命令 说明 备注
rustup doc 打开官方指导文档
cargo new projectName 创建一个rust工程 示例：cargo new firstRustProject
cargo run 运行rust工程
cargo build 编译rust工程 若增加了依赖，即修改了toml文件，需要重新编译

基础语法

示例：


fn main() {
    println!("Hello, world!");
       //变量默认是不可变的，加上 mut 关键字就可以重新赋值。
       let mut  x=5;
       println!("The value of x is   {}  ",x);
   
       x=6;
       println!("The value of x is   {}  ",x);
   
   
       //变量的隐藏
       let  money=100;
       println!("money is {}",money);
       let money =money+8;
       println!("money is {}",money);
       let money="一百元";
       println!("money is {}",money);
   
       //常量使用 const 关键字声明，声明的时候必须指定数据类型，常量名全大写。
       //不需要let ， 不可使用mut 修饰
       const MAX_PIONTS: u32=888;
       println!("The constant is {}",MAX_PIONTS);
       
    let  result:char= a_function(88, 'M', false);
    println!("result is {}",result);
}
fn a_function(a:u64,b:char,c:bool)-> char{
    println!("a is {}",a);
    println!("b is {}",b);
    println!("c is {}",c);
    return  'N';
}

输出：

Hello, world!
The value of x is   5
The value of x is   6
money is 100
money is 108
money is 一百元
The constant is 888
a is 88
b is M
c is false
result is N

数据类型

标量类型

整数，浮点，布尔，字符

复合类型

可以将多个值放到一个数据类型中。

示例


fn main() {
    println!("Hello, world!");
    let q=3.0;
    let q:f32=5.00;
    let w=true;
    let r:bool =false;
 
    let t='
标签：极简,教程,String,thread,let,rust,println,线程,Rust	

来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/Naylor/p/16042001.html