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利用 PXE 实现自动化系统部署

作者:互联网

一、PXE介绍

1.PXE:Preboot Excution Environment,预启动执行环境,是由Intel公司研发,基于Client/Server的网 络模式,支持远程主机通过网络从远端服务器下载映像,并由此支持通过网络启动操作系统,可以引导 和安装Windows,linux等多种操作系统

2.利用PXE实现自动化安装流程

 

 3.PXE工作原理

1. Client向PXE Server上的DHCP发送IP地址请求消息,DHCP检测Client是否合法(主要是检测Client
的网卡MAC地址),如果合法则返回Client的IP地址,同时将启动文件pxelinux.0的所在TFTP服务
器地址信息一并传送给Client
2. Client向TFTP服务器发送获取pxelinux.0请求消息,TFTP服务器接收到消息之后,向Client发送
pxelinux.0大小信息,试探Client是否满意,当TFTP收到Client发回的同意大小信息之后,正式向
Client发送pxelinux.0
3. Client执行接收到的pxelinux.0文件,并利用此文件启动
4. Client向TFTP 服务器发送请求针对本机的配置信息文件(在TFTP 服务器的pxelinux.cfg目录下),
TFTP服务器将启动菜单配置文件发回Client,继而Client根据启动菜单配置文件执行后续操作
5. Client根据启动菜单配置文件里的信息,向TFTP发送Linux内核和initrd文件请求信息,TFTP接收到
消息之后将内核和initrd文件发送给Client
6. Client向TFTP发送根文件请求信息,TFTP接收到消息之后返回Linux根文件系统
7. Client启动Linux内核,加载相关的内核参数
8. Client通过内核参数下载kickstart文件,并根据kickstart文件里的安装信息,下载安装源文件进行
自动化安装

范例:在centos8上实现PXE自动化安装(此范例是基于tftp和dhcpd服务配好的情况下做的)

1.安装前准备

关闭防火墙和SELINUX,DHCP服务器静态IP
网络要求:关闭Vmware软件中的DHCP服务,基于NAT模式

注意:使用 1G 以下内存的主机安装CentOS 7,8 会提示空间不足,建议2G以上

2.安装

安装syslinux-nonlinux包

[root@centos8 ~]# yum -y install syslinux-nonlinux

查看包的内容

[root@centos8 ~]# rpm -ql syslinux-nonlinux
/usr/share/syslinux/altmbr.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/altmbr_c.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/altmbr_f.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/cat.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/chain.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/cmd.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/cmenu.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/config.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/cptime.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/cpu.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/cpuid.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/cpuidtest.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/debug.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/dhcp.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/dir.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/disk.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/dmi.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/dmitest.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/elf.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/ethersel.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/gfxboot.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/gptmbr.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/gptmbr_c.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/gptmbr_f.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/gpxecmd.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/hdt.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/hexdump.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/host.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/ifcpu.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/ifcpu64.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/ifmemdsk.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/ifplop.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/isohdpfx.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/isohdpfx_c.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/isohdpfx_f.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/isohdppx.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/isohdppx_c.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/isohdppx_f.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/isolinux-debug.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/isolinux.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/kbdmap.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/kontron_wdt.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/ldlinux.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/lfs.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/libcom32.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/libgpl.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/liblua.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/libmenu.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/libutil.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/linux.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/lpxelinux.0
/usr/share/syslinux/ls.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/lua.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/mboot.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/mbr.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/mbr_c.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/mbr_f.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/memdisk
/usr/share/syslinux/meminfo.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/pci.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/pcitest.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/pmload.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/poweroff.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/prdhcp.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/pwd.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/pxechn.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0
/usr/share/syslinux/reboot.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/rosh.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/sanboot.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/sdi.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/sysdump.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/syslinux.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/syslinux.com
/usr/share/syslinux/syslinux.exe
/usr/share/syslinux/vesa.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/vesainfo.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/vesamenu.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/vpdtest.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/whichsys.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/zzjson.c32

将/usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0和/usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32这两个文件拷贝到/var/lib/tftpboot/目录下

[root@centos8 tftpboot]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 .

创建centos7和8的目录

[root@centos8 tftpboot]# mkdir centos{7,8}

 

 将centos8光盘里的vmlinuz和initrd.img拷到8目录下

[root@centos8 tftpboot]# cp /misc/cd/isolinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} centos8/

 

 将centos7光盘里的vmlinuz和initrd.img拷到7目录下

[root@centos8 tftpboot]# cp /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64/isolinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} centos7/

 

将centos8光盘里的ldlinux.c32,libcom32.c32,libutil.c32三个文件cp到该目录中这是centos8独有的

[root@centos8 tftpboot]# cp /misc/cd/isolinux/{ldlinux.c32,libutil.c32,libcom32.c32} .

 

现在就缺菜单了,我们需要建一个单独的叫pxelinux.cfg文件夹

[root@centos8 tftpboot]# mkdir pxelinux.cfg

将光盘里的菜单文件/misc/cd/isolinux/isolinux.cfg作为模板拷到pxelinux.cfg目录下

[root@centos8 tftpboot]# cp /misc/cd/isolinux/isolinux.cfg pxelinux.cfg/default

 

 编辑此文件

vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
default menu.c32
timeout 600
menu title Install CentOS Linux
label linux8
 menu label Auto Install CentOS Linux ^8
 kernel centos8/vmlinuz
 append initrd=centos8/initrd.img ks=http://192.168.93.129/ks/centos8.cfg

label linux7
 menu label Auto Install CentOS Linux ^7
 kernel centos7/vmlinuz
 append initrd=centos7/initrd.img ks=http://192.168.93.129/ks/centos7.cfg

label manual
 menu label ^Manual Install CentOS Linux 8.0
 kernel centos8/vmlinuz
 append initrd=centos8/initrd.img
inst.repo=http://192.168.93.129/centos/8/os/x86_64/
label rescue
 menu label ^Rescue a CentOS Linux system 8
 kernel centos8/vmlinuz
 append initrd=centos8/initrd.img
inst.repo=http://192.168.93.129/centos/8/os/x86_64/ rescue

label local
 menu default
 menu label Boot from ^local drive
 localboot 0xffff

我们检查一下

[root@centos8 tftpboot]# tree /var/lib/tftpboot/

三个文件夹10个文件

我们查看其端口:

[root@centos8 tftpboot]# ss -ntul

 

 

 

 现在我们就可以装系统了

重启等图形界面进度条没完之前按esc键

 

 

 

 

 

 

 成了!

 

记录于2022-3-15-12:15

标签:syslinux,部署,share,Client,usr,自动化,centos8,PXE,c32
来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/weilanxuesre/p/16054057.html