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SpringMVC执行原理、SSM(Spring+SpringMVC+Mybatis)项目基本框架搭建

作者:互联网

目录

SpringMVC执行原理

直接上图:
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

文字描述:
简要分析执行流程

  1. DispatcherServlet表示前置控制器,是整个SpringMVC的控制中心。用户发出请求,DispatcherServlet接收请求并拦截请求。

我们假设请求的url为 : http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC/hello

如上url拆分成三部分:

http://localhost:8080服务器域名

SpringMVC部署在服务器上的web站点

hello表示控制器

通过分析,如上url表示为:请求位于服务器localhost:8080上的SpringMVC站点的hello控制器。

  1. HandlerMapping为处理器映射。DispatcherServlet调用HandlerMapping,HandlerMapping根据请求url查找Handler。

  2. HandlerExecution表示具体的Handler,其主要作用是根据url查找控制器,如上url被查找控制器为:hello。

  3. HandlerExecution将解析后的信息传递给DispatcherServlet,如解析控制器映射等。

  4. HandlerAdapter表示处理器适配器,其按照特定的规则去执行Handler。

  5. Handler让具体的Controller执行

  6. Controller将具体的执行信息返回给HandlerAdapter,如ModelAndView。

  7. HandlerAdapter将视图逻辑名或模型传递给DispatcherServlet。

  8. DispatcherServlet调用视图解析器(ViewResolver)来解析HandlerAdapter传递的逻辑视图名。

  9. 视图解析器将解析的逻辑视图名传给DispatcherServlet。

  10. DispatcherServlet根据视图解析器解析的视图结果,调用具体的视图。

  11. 最终视图呈现给用户

下面这图是MVC的架构模式:
在这里插入图片描述

SSM项目框架搭建

环境要求

环境:

IDEA

MySQL 5.7.19

Tomcat 9

Maven 3.6

要求:

需要熟练掌握MySQL数据库,Spring,JavaWeb及MyBatis知识,简单的前端知识;

数据库环境

这一步需要创建数据库,以及相关的表。
在此把基本的建库建表记录上:创建一个存放书籍数据的数据库表

CREATE DATABASE `ssmbuild`;
​
USE `ssmbuild`;
​
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `books`;
​
CREATE TABLE `books` (
`bookID` INT(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '书id',
`bookName` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '书名',
`bookCounts` INT(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '数量',
`detail` VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL COMMENT '描述',
KEY `bookID` (`bookID`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
​
INSERT  INTO `books`(`bookID`,`bookName`,`bookCounts`,`detail`)VALUES 
(1,'Java',1,'从入门到放弃'),
(2,'MySQL',10,'从删库到跑路'),
(3,'Linux',5,'从进门到进牢');

基本环境搭建

新建一Maven项目,添加web的支持

右键项目名 – Add Framework Support
在这里插入图片描述
如下图勾选web支持 – OK
在这里插入图片描述

pom.xml导入依赖和资源过滤设置

<dependencies>
   <!--Junit-->
   <dependency>
       <groupId>junit</groupId>
       <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
       <version>4.12</version>
   </dependency>
   <!--数据库驱动-->
   <dependency>
       <groupId>mysql</groupId>
       <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
       <version>5.1.47</version>
   </dependency>
   <!-- 数据库连接池 -->
   <dependency>
       <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
       <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
       <version>0.9.5.2</version>
   </dependency>
​
   <!--Servlet - JSP -->
   <dependency>
       <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
       <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
       <version>2.5</version>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
       <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
       <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
       <version>2.2</version>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
       <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
       <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
       <version>1.2</version>
   </dependency>
​
   <!--Mybatis-->
   <dependency>
       <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
       <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
       <version>3.5.2</version>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
       <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
       <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
       <version>2.0.2</version>

	<!--  Lombok-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.20</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
   </dependency>
​
   <!--Spring-->
   <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
       <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
       <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
   </dependency>
</dependencies>

Maven资源过滤设置

<build>
   <resources>
       <resource>
           <directory>src/main/java</directory>
           <includes>
               <include>**/*.properties</include>
               <include>**/*.xml</include>
           </includes>
           <filtering>false</filtering>
       </resource>
       <resource>
           <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
           <includes>
               <include>**/*.properties</include>
               <include>**/*.xml</include>
           </includes>
           <filtering>false</filtering>
       </resource>
   </resources>
</build>

建立基本结构和配置框架

Mybatis 层编写

建包、配置mybatis数据库

在src - main - java 包下新建:

在src - main - resources 包下新建

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
       PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
       "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
​
</configuration>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
​
</beans>

1、 数据库配置文件 database.properties 【在src - main - resources 包下新建】

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssmbuild?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=GMT
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=

2、IDEA关联数据库
3、编写mybatis的核心配置文件 mybatis-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!--  日志文件  -->
<!--    <settings>-->
<!--        <setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>-->
<!--    </settings>-->

<!--    Mybatis:1.取别名  2. mapper-->
    <typeAliases>
        <package name="com.ma.pojo"/>
    </typeAliases>

</configuration>
编写实体类、接口、接口实现类

1、编写数据库表对应的实体类com.demo.pojo.Books
注意使用lombok 插件!

package com.ma.pojo;
​
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
​
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Books {
   
   private int bookID;
   private String bookName;
   private int bookCounts;
   private String detail;
   
}

2、编写Dao层【Mapper层】的Mapper接口

package com.ma.dao;
​
import com.ma.pojo.Books;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import java.util.List;

public interface BookMapper {

    //添加
    int addBook(Books book);

    //根据id删除一个Book
    int deleteBookById(@Param("bookID") int id);

    //更新Book
    int UpdateBook(Books book);

    //根据id查询,返回一个Book
    Books queryBookById(@Param("bookID") int id);

    //查询全部Book,返回List集合
    List<Books> queryAllBook();

    Books queryBookByName(@Param("bookName") String bookName);
}

3、编写Mapper接口对应的Mapper.xml 文件。(需要导入Mybatis包)
在这里我是将BookMapper.xml 文件是建在resources包下和src一样结构的包下的。也可以将Mapper.xml文件和接口文件放一起,但是配置路径如果没写好就可能会报些错。我的结构如下图
在这里插入图片描述

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.ma.dao.BookMapper"> 
    <insert id="addBook" parameterType="books">
        insert into ssmbuild.books (bookName, bookCounts, detail)
        values (#{bookName}, #{bookCounts}, #{detail});
    </insert>

    <delete id="deleteBookById" parameterType="int">
        delete
        from ssmbuild.books
        where bookID = #{bookID};
    </delete>

    <update id="UpdateBook" parameterType="Books">
        update ssmbuild.books
        set bookName = #{bookName}, bookCounts = #{bookCounts}, detail = #{detail}
        where bookID = #{bookID};
    </update>

    <select id="queryBookById" resultType="Books">
        select * from ssmbuild.books
            where bookID = #{bookID}
    </select>

    <select id="queryAllBook" resultType="Books">
        select * from ssmbuild.books
    </select>

    <select id="queryBookByName" resultType="Books">
        select * from ssmbuild.books
        where bookName = #{bookName}
    </select>
</mapper>

写完Mapper.xml文件之后,配置Mapper.xml 一定要在mybatis-config.xml文件中注册路径,如下:

    <mappers>
    <!--这里可以用resource 也可以用class ,不过因为我放包的位置,所以我选用resource-->
        <mapper resource="com/ma/dao/BookMapper.xml"/>
    </mappers>

4、编写Service层接口
接口 :在这里单个的参数变量

package com.ma.service;

import com.ma.pojo.Books;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;

import java.util.List;

public interface BookService {
    //添加
    int addBook(Books book);

    //根据id删除一个Book
    int deleteBookById(int id);

    //更新Book
    int UpdateBook(Books book);

    //根据id查询,返回一个Book
    Books queryBookById(int id);

    //查询全部Book,返回List集合
    List<Books> queryAllBook();

    //根据名字搜索书籍
    Books queryBookByName(String bookName);
}

5、编写Service层接口实现类

package com.ma.service;

import com.ma.dao.BookMapper;
import com.ma.pojo.Books;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

//@Service
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService{

//    @Autowired
//    service 调用dao层:组合Dao
private BookMapper bookMapper;

    public BookServiceImpl(BookMapper bookMapper) {
        this.bookMapper = bookMapper;
    }

    public void setBookMapper(BookMapper bookMapper) {
        this.bookMapper = bookMapper;
    }

    @Override
    public int addBook(Books book) {
        return bookMapper.addBook(book);
    }

    @Override
    public int deleteBookById(int bookID) {
        return bookMapper.deleteBookById(bookID);
    }

    @Override
    public int UpdateBook(Books book) {
        return bookMapper.UpdateBook(book);
    }

    @Override
    public Books queryBookById(int bookID) {
        return bookMapper.queryBookById(bookID);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Books> queryAllBook() {
        return bookMapper.queryAllBook();
    }

    @Override
    public Books queryBookByName(String bookName) {
        return bookMapper.queryBookByName(bookName);
    }
}

Spring层

1、配置Spring整合MyBatis,我们这里数据源使用c3p0连接池;

spring-dao.xml 【大多数固定】

2、我们去编写Spring整合Mybatis的相关的配置文件; 【resources包下】

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

<!--   1. 关联数据库配置文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:database.properties"/>

<!--   2.连接池
        dbcp:半自动化操作,不能自动连接
        c3p0::自动化操作(自动化的加载配置文件,并且可以自动设置到对象中!)
        druid :        hikari:
      -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>

        <!-- c3p0连接池的私有属性 -->
        <property name="maxPoolSize" value="30"/>
        <property name="minPoolSize" value="10"/>
        <!-- 关闭连接后不自动commit -->
        <property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false"/>
        <!-- 获取连接超时时间 -->
        <property name="checkoutTimeout" value="10000"/>
        <!-- 当获取连接失败重试次数 -->
        <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="2"/>
    </bean>

<!--   3.sqlSessionFactory -->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<!--        绑定Mybatis的配置文件-->
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
     </bean>

<!--    配置dao接口扫描包,动态的实现了Dao接口可以注入到Spring 容器中-->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<!--        注入sqlSessionFactory-->
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
<!--        要扫描的包-->
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.ma.dao"/>
    </bean>
</beans>
spring-service.xml 【大多数固定】

Spring整合service层

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:http="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

<!--    1. 扫描service下的包相关的bean-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.ma.service"/>
<!--    2. 将所有的业务实现类,注入到spring中,可以通过配置 或 注解实现 :(BookServiceImpl注入到IOC容器中) -->
    <bean id="BookServiceImpl" class="com.ma.service.BookServiceImpl">
        <property name="bookMapper" ref="bookMapper"/>
    </bean>

<!--    3. 声明式事务配置  (配置事务管理器)-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<!--        注入数据源-->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
<!--  4. AOP 事务支持-->

</beans>

SpringMVC层编写

web.xml 【固定】
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

<!--    DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--      绑定配置文件 spring-mvc.xml-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
<!--        启动级别,与服务器一起启动-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

<!--    乱码过滤-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

<!--    Session过期时间-->
    <session-config>
<!--        15分钟-->
        <session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
    </session-config>
    
</web-app>
spring-mvc.xml 【固定】
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

<!--   1. 开启SpringMVC注解驱动 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

<!--   2. 静态资源过滤 默认servlet配置-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

<!--    3. 扫描controller包-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.ma.controller"/>

<!--    4. 视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>
applicationContext.xml

Spring配置整合文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <import resource="classpath:spring-dao.xml"/>
    <import resource="classpath:spring-service.xml"/>
    <import resource="classpath:spring-mvc.xml"/>
</beans>
注意事项

配置文件一定一定要注意一点,按alt + enter 自动导入了一行,我们还要添加几行,一定要都写上才行,否则就会报错。要想下图中,两个部分都要加上,下面链接里面的我们直接复制,然后改下后面contex 或者springmvc就行
在这里插入图片描述

Controller 和 视图层 .jsp 编写

BookController 类编写

再次完成了部分接口的实现,详细代码可私信联系作者领取

package com.ma.controller;

import com.ma.pojo.Books;
import com.ma.service.BookService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import java.awt.print.Book;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

@Controller
public class BookController {
    //controller 调 service
    private final BookService bookService;

    public BookController(@Qualifier("BookServiceImpl") BookService bookService) {
        this.bookService = bookService;
    }

    //查询全部的书籍,并且返回到一个书籍展示页面
    @RequestMapping("/book/allBook")
    public String list(Model model) {
        List<Books> list = bookService.queryAllBook();
        model.addAttribute("list", list);
        return "allBook";
    }
}

编写主页index.jsp

<%--
  Date: 2022/3/18
  Time: 21:11
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>首页</title>
    <style type="text/css">
      a {
        text-decoration: none;
        color: cornflowerblue;
        font-size: 18px;
      }
      h3 {
        width: 180px;
        height: 38px;
        margin: 100px auto;
        text-align: center;
        line-height: 38px;
        background: deepskyblue;
        border-radius: 4px;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
  <h3>
    <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/allBook">点击进入列表页</a>
  </h3>
  </body>
</html>

编写Controller中方法会跳转的allBook.jsp页面

<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%--
  Date: 2022/3/19
  Time: 0:08
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>书籍列表</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <!-- 引入 Bootstrap -->
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 column">
            <div class="page-header">
                <h1>
                    <small>书籍列表 -- 显示所有书籍</small>
                </h1>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-8 column">
            <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toAddBook">新增书籍</a>
            <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/allBook">显示全部书籍</a>
            <br>
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-8 column">
            <%--查询书籍 placeholder(搜索框内默认的字)>--%>
            <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/queryBook" method="post">
                <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold">${error}</span>
                <input type="text" name="queryBookName" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入要查询的书籍名称">
                <input type="submit" value="查询" class="btn btn-primary">
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
<div class="row clearfix">
    <div class="col-md-12 column">
        <table class="table table-hover table-striped">
            <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>书籍编号</th>
                <th>书籍名字</th>
                <th>书籍数量</th>
                <th>书籍详情</th>
                <th>操作</th>
            </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
            <c:forEach var="book" items="${list}">
                <tr>
                    <td>${book.getBookID()}</td>
                    <td>${book.getBookName()}</td>
                    <td>${book.getBookCounts()}</td>
                    <td>${book.getDetail()}</td>
                    <td>
                        <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toUpdateBook?id=${book.getBookID()}">修改</a> |
                        <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/del/${book.getBookID()}">删除</a>
                    </td>
                </tr>
            </c:forEach>
            </tbody>
        </table>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

其他的方法也如同上述一样先写Controller类中方法,然后编写需要的.jsp文件

配置Tomcat,进行运行测试

注意事项

1、每次实现一个方法功能时,就需要运行测试一下,要边运行测试边写码,不要写完了在测试。测试报错要好好看日志,多半是有提示的。
2、编写代码中要注意一些变量名是否一样,

3、Controller 类中方法中的跳转页面路径要记得加上斜杠 “/”,还有如果写了父路径,可以在Controller 类上 @RequestMapping添加,但是方便后期修改或维护,都尽量加在每个方法上的注解里,我在这里就是都加了 /book

项目结构图
在这里插入图片描述

标签:xml,bookID,SpringMVC,Spring,SSM,int,Books,org,import
来源: https://blog.csdn.net/Mj_yong/article/details/123598970