playbook和roles
作者：互联网
一、Playbook
- 自动部署 Nginx 案例
1、编写playbook
[root@slave-1 ansible]# vi nginx.yml
---
- hosts: webservers
vars:
hello: Ansible
tasks:
- name: 添加 YUM 仓库
yum_repository:
name: nginx
description: nginx repo
baseurl: http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/
gpgcheck: no
enabled: 1
- name: 安装 Nginx
yum:
name: nginx
state: latest
- name: 拷贝虚拟主机文件
copy:
src: ./site.conf
dest: /etc/nginx/conf.d/site.conf
- name: 启动 Nginx 并设置开机启动
systemd:
name: nginx
state: started
enabled: yes
- name: 创建网站根目录
file:
dest: /var/www/html
state: directory
- name: 创建首页
shell: echo "hello {{hello}}" > /var/www/html/index.html
2、准备配置文件
[root@slave-1 ansible]# vi site.conf
server {
listen 81;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html;
}
}
3、语法检查
[root@slave-1 ansible]# ansible-playbook nginx.yml --syntax-check
4、执行playbook
[root@slave-1 ansible]# ansible-playbook -i /etc/ansible/hosts nginx.yml
- 在变更时运行特定任务（handlers）
- hosts: webservers
tasks:
- name: 拷贝虚拟主机文件
copy:
src: ./site.conf
dest: /etc/nginx/conf.d/site.conf
notify:
- reload nginx
- name: 确保 Nginx 在运行
systemd:
name: nginx
state: started
handlers:
- name: reload nginx
systemd:
name: nginx
state: reloaded
- 语法检查与 debug 调试
ansible-playbook main.yml --syntax-check
- hosts: webservers
tasks:
- debug: msg="{{group_names}}"
- 任务控制（tags）
- hosts: webservers
gather_facts: no
tasks:
- name: 安装 Nginx
yum: name=nginx state=present
tags: install
- name: 拷贝 Nginx 配置文件
copy: src=nginx.conf dest=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
tags: config
ansible-playbook nginx.yml --tags "config,install"
ansible-playbook nginx.yml --skip-tags "install"
- Playbook 定义变量与使用
1、在 Inventory 中定义
[groupname:vars]
variable_name=value
2、在 playbook 中定义
- hosts: webservers
vars:
- var_name: value
tasks:
- name: hello
shell: "echo {{var_name}}"
3、在 Role 中定义
roles:
- role: apache
vars:
http_port: 8080
4、register（注册变量）
- hosts: web_servers
tasks:
- shell: /usr/bin/foo
register: foo_result
ignore_errors: True
- shell: /usr/bin/bar
when: foo_result.rc == 5
5、facts（系统信息变量）
{{ ansible_hostname }}
6、内置主机变量
hostvars 主机变量
group_names 当前主机所在的组
groups 资产清单中所有组（和主机）的列表
- Playbook 流程控制
1、条件
tasks:
- command: echo {{ item }}
loop: [ 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 ]
when: item > 5
2、循环
- name: add several users
user:
name: "{{ item.name }}"
state: present
groups: "{{ item.groups }}"
loop:
- { name: 'testuser1', groups: 'wheel' }
- { name: 'testuser2', groups: 'root' }
-自动部署tomcat
[root@slave-1 ansible]# cat tomcat.yml
---
- hosts: webservers
gather_facts: no
vars:
tomcat_version: 8.5.75
tomcat_install_dir: /usr/local
tasks:
- name: Install jdk1.8
yum: name=java-1.8.0-openjdk state=present
- name: Download tomcat
get_url: url=https://dlcdn.apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-8/v{{ tomcat_version }}/src/apache-tomcat-{{ tomcat_version }}-src.tar.gz dest=/tmp validate_certs=no
tags: download
- name: Unarchive tomcat-{{ tomcat_version }}.tar.gz
unarchive:
src: /tmp/apache-tomcat-{{ tomcat_version }}-src.tar.gz
dest: "{{ tomcat_install_dir }}"
copy: no
- name: Start tomcat
shell: cd {{ tomcat_install_dir }} && mv apache-tomcat-{{ tomcat_version }}-src tomcat8 && cd tomcat8/bin && nohup ./startup.sh &
- Playbook 文件复用
- import_playbook: webservers.yml
- import_playbook: databases.yml
# common_tasks.yml
- name: placeholder foo
command: /bin/foo
- name: placeholder bar
command: /bin/bar
tasks:
- import_tasks: common_tasks.yml
# or
- include_tasks: common_tasks.yml
- Playbook 模板（jinja2）
1、zabbix 监控新主机
# vi zabbix.yaml
- hosts: webservers
tasks:
- name: 安装
yum: name=https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/4.4/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-agent-4.
4.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm state=present
- name: 下发配置文件
template: src=zabbix_agentd.conf.j2 dest=/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
- name: 启动
systemd: name=zabbix-agent state=restarted enabled=yes daemon_reload=yes
# vi zabbix_agentd.conf.j2
PidFile=/var/run/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.pid
LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.log
DebugLevel=3
Server=192.168.31.10
ListenPort=10050
ListenIP={{ ansible_eth0.ipv4.address }}
Hostname={{ ansible_eth0.ipv4.address }}
2、管理 Nginx 配置文件
- hosts: webservers
gather_facts: no
vars:
http_port: 80
server_name: www.****.cn
tasks:
- name: Copy nginx config file
template: src=site.conf.j2 dest=/usr/local/nginx/vhost/site.conf
notify: reload nginx
handlers:
- name: reload nginx
service: name=nginx state=reloaded
upstream webservers {
{% for host in groups['webservers'] %}
server {{ hostvars[host].inventory_hostname }}:80;
{% endfor %}
}
server {
listen {{ http_port }};
server_name {{ server_name }};
location / {
proxy_pass http://webservers;
}
}
3、遍历字典
{% set dict={'aliang': '30'} %}
{% for key, value in dict.iteritems() %}
{{key}} -> {{value}}
{% endfor %}
二、Roles（角色）
自动部署 Web 服务器
1、架构
2、工作流程
3、目录结构
标签：tasks,roles,tomcat,nginx,zabbix,ansible,playbook,name 来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/scau-zeng/p/15949383.html