其他分享
首页 > 其他分享> > Solana 101

Solana 101

作者:互联网

Solana还具有一个称为SOL的令牌,可以将其传递给Solana区块链上的节点以运行链上程序或验证其输出。尽管网络允许部分SOL交易,但SOL令牌的总数限制为10亿个。
一个SOL最多可拆分34次。分数SOL称为Lamport。它是为纪念Solana最大的技术影响力Leslie
Lamport而命名的。一盏灯的价值约为0.0000000000582 sol(2 ^ -34)

Solana 是一个单链、权益证明协议,它通过独特的历史证明(PoH)机制提高整体网络效率,从而在不牺牲可扩展性的情况下发挥去中心化的优势。目前,Solana 可以处理 50,000 TPS,单笔交易成本低至 0.0001 美元。

https://img.jinse.com/5099766_image3.png
lamport:1 lamport = 10^−9SOL
shred:A fraction of a block; the smallest unit sent between validators。为block的一部分,validators之间传输的最小单元。
ledger entry:账本上的entry要么为tick要么为transactions entry。其中tick用于:estimates wallclock duration;而transactions entry 是指:A set of transactions that may be executed in parallel。
slot:The period of time for which each leader ingests transactions and produces a block.【A leader produces at most one block per slot. 即每个slot最多只有一个区块。Solana中,设置1个slot对应64个ticks。】
Collectively, slots create a logical clock. Slots are ordered sequentially and non-overlapping, comprising roughly equal real-world time as per PoH.

/// Slot is a unit of time given to a leader for encoding,
/// is some some number of Ticks long.
pub type Slot = u64;
···
skipped slot:A past slot that did not produce a block, because the leader was offline or the fork containing the slot was abandoned for a better alternative by cluster consensus. A skipped slot will not appear as an ancestor for blocks at subsequent slots, nor increment the block height, nor expire the oldest recent_blockhash.
Whether a slot has been skipped can only be determined when it becomes older than the latest rooted (thus not-skipped) slot.
transaction:One or more instructions signed by the client using one or more keypairs and executed atomically with only two possible outcomes: success or failure.
Solana的交易中会封装recent_hash,可通过getRecentBlockhash rpc 接口获得

transaction id:The first signature in a transaction, which can be used to uniquely identify the transaction across the complete ledger.
transaction confirmations:The number of confirmed blocks since the transaction was accepted onto the ledger. A transaction is finalized when its block becomes a root.
transactions entry:A set of transactions that may be executed in parallel.
epoch:目前Solana一个epoch对应43.2万个slot。【若一个slot对应400ms,则一个epoch对应48小时。】
blockhash:A preimage resistant hash of the ledger at a given block height. Taken from the last entry id in the slot。Slot中的最后一个entry id作为block hash。即:【粒度为:一个slot内若没有交易,则对应为64个tick;若有交易,一个slot对应有多个entry,每个entry对应多笔交易,每个entry会切分为多个shreds便于传输,会对每个shred进行签名sign_shred()。】

什么是SOLANA?

Solana是一个开源项目,它实现了一个全新的高性能无许可区块链。Solana基金会位于瑞士日内瓦,维护着开源项目。

什么是SOL?

SOL是Solana原生代币的名称,可以将其传递给Solana集群中的节点,以换取运行链上程序或验证其输出。 系统可以执行分数SOL的微支付,称为lamports。 它们的名称是为了纪念Solana的最大技术影响力Leslie Lamport。 1 Lamport的值为0.000000001 SOL。

官网地址
GitHub: https://github.com/solana-labs
官网: https://solana.com
区块浏览器:https://explorer.solana.com/

Solana链上的信息是记录在文件中,这个文件在Solana上表现为Account,所以用户所需要支付的就是一个文件存储所需要的花费,是以SOL计价的。如果想要关闭删除文件的话,那么只要把这个Account的SOL都转走,那么这个Account对应的地址,在链上就没有钱来买位置了,也就会被删除掉了。

私钥
私钥是私自保管不可示人的。私钥是一串乱码,不好记,与之对应有一串助记词。助记词可以通过算法推出私钥,所以实际上我们在使用钱包时,只要记住助记词。好比你使用支付宝的时候,不用输入支付密码,只需要伸出手指头或者露脸扫描以下。那么手指头就相当于是支付密码的助记物。

公钥
公钥是可以展示给别人看的,公钥也是合约的地址。在solana上智能合约一般称为“Onchain Program”,所以公钥也叫programId。

交易签名
当交易存在相应的数字签名时,表示该账户的私钥持有人已签名并因此“授权”了该交易。

Transaction介绍

Transaction
Transaction是由客户端向solana节点发起请求的单元,一个Transaction可能包含有多个Instruction。Solana节点在收到一个客户端发起的Transaction后,会先解析里面的每个Instruction,然后根据Instruction里面的programId字段,来调用对应的智能合约,并将Instruction传递给该智能合约。

Fact Sheet

Accounts are used to store data
Each account has a unique address
Accounts have a max size of 10mb
PDA accounts have a max size of 10kb
PDA accounts can be used to sign on behalf of a program
Account size is static
Account data storage is paid with rent
Default account owner is the System Program

Account Model
There are 3 kinds of accounts on Solana:

Data accounts store data
Program accounts store executable programs
Native accounts that indicate native programs on Solana such as System, Stake, and Vote

Within data accounts, there are 2 types:
System owned accounts
PDA(Program Derived Address) accounts

标签:slot,Solana,SOL,accounts,entry,101,block
来源: https://blog.csdn.net/FENGQIYUNRAN/article/details/122560522