archive

An archive is an accumulation of historical records - in any media - or the physical facility in which they are located. Archives contain primary source documents that have accumulated over the course of an individual or organization's lifetime, and are kept to show the function of that person or organization. Professional archivists and historians generally understand archives to be records that have been naturally and necessarily generated as a product of regular legal, commercial, administrative, or social activities. They have been metaphorically defined as "the secretions of an organism", and are distinguished from documents that have been consciously written or created to communicate a particular message to posterity.

In general, archives consist of records that have been selected for permanent or long-term preservation on grounds of their enduring cultural, historical, or evidentiary value. Archival records are normally unpublished and almost always unique, unlike books or magazines of which many identical copies may exist. This means that archives are quite distinct from libraries with regard to their functions and organization, although archival collections can often be found within library buildings.

A person who works in archives is called an archivist. The study and practice of organizing, preserving, and providing access to information and materials in archives is called archival science. The physical place of storage can be referred to as an archive (more usual in the United Kingdom), an archives (more usual in the United States), or a repository.

The International Council on Archives (ICA) has developed a number of standards on archival description including the General International Standard Archival Description ISAD(G). ISAD(G) is meant to be used in conjunction with national standards or as a basis for nations to build their own standards.

In computing, the archive bit is a file system attribute used for controlling incremental backups [增量式备份]. Linux doesn't have an exact equivalent of the DOS/Windows archive bit, but you can make something similar. Modern Linux systems support custom file attributes, at least on ext4 and btrfs. You can use getfattr to list them and setfattr to set them.

An Archive file is a computer file combining several files into one. tar is a computer software utility for collecting many files into one archive file, often referred to as a tarball, for distribution or backup purposes. The name is derived from "tape [磁带] archive", as it was originally developed to write data to sequential I/O devices with no file system of their own. The archive data sets created by tar contain various file system parameters, such as name, timestamps, ownership, file-access permissions, and directory organization.

牛津词典: cache: 1. place for hiding food, treasure or weapons; 2. hidden store of food, etc. IT领域里cache是别的意思。例如从CPU内部的cache到内存再到磁盘，每一级都容量更大速度更慢。cache有三个特点：(相对)速度快，容量小，访问方便。百科里是这样定义的: Cache (computing), a collection of data duplicating original values stored elsewhere on a computer, usually for easier access.

六级/考研单词: archive, accumulate, medium, physics, regulate, illicit, administer, metaphor, organism, perpetual, endure, norm, seldom, unite, conjunction, nationwide, compute, attribute, backup, equivalent, hardware, utility, derive, data, parameter, directory, treasury, duplicate

repertoire和repertory的词源一样。

标签：records,cache,their,archives,file,archive
来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/funwithwords/p/15845533.html