【Vue】Vue2.0+Vue3.0学习笔记day11(Vuex)
作者:互联网
目录
102.默认插槽
不使用插槽
<template>
<div class="container">
<Category title="美食" :listData="foods"></Category>
<Category title="游戏" :listData="games"></Category>
<Category title="电影" :listData="filsm"></Category>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Category from "./components/Category.vue";
export default {
name:'App',
components:{
Category
},
data() {
return {
foods:['火锅','烧烤','小龙虾'],
games:['王者','吃鸡','lol'],
filsm:['《功夫》','《大话西游》','《喜剧之王》']
}
},
}
</script>
<style>
.container{
display: flex;
justify-content: space-around;
}
</style>
<template>
<div class="category">
<h3>{{title}}分类</h3>
<ul>
<li v-for="(item, index) in listData" :key="index">{{item}}</li>
</ul>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Category',
props:['listData','title']
}
</script>
<style>
.category{
background-color: skyblue;
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
}
h3{
text-align: center;
background-color: orange;
}
</style>
使用默认插槽
<template>
<div class="container">
<Category title="美食" :listData="foods">
<img src="https://s3.ax1x.com/2021/01/16/srJlq0.jpg">
</Category>
<Category title="游戏" :listData="games">
<ul>
<li v-for="(g, index) in games" :key="index">{{g}}</li>
</ul>
</Category>
<Category title="电影" :listData="filsm">
<video controls src="http://clips.vorwaerts-gmbh.de/big_buck_bunny.mp4"></video>
</Category>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Category from "./components/Category.vue";
export default {
name:'App',
components:{
Category
},
data() {
return {
foods:['火锅','烧烤','小龙虾'],
games:['王者','吃鸡','lol'],
filsm:['《功夫》','《大话西游》','《喜剧之王》']
}
},
}
</script>
<style>
.container{
display: flex;
justify-content: space-around;
}
video{
width: 100%;
}
img{
width: 100%;
}
</style>
<template>
<div class="category">
<h3>{{title}}分类</h3>
<!-- 定义一个插槽 -->
<slot></slot>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Category',
props:['title']
}
</script>
<style>
.category{
background-color: skyblue;
width: 200px;
height: 300px;
}
h3{
text-align: center;
background-color: orange;
}
</style>
103.具名插槽
<template>
<div class="container">
<Category title="美食" :listData="foods">
<img slot="center" src="https://s3.ax1x.com/2021/01/16/srJlq0.jpg">
<a slot="footer" href="https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_58214412?spm=1008.2028.3001.5343">更多美食</a>
</Category>
<Category title="游戏" :listData="games">
<ul slot="center">
<li v-for="(g, index) in games" :key="index">{{g}}</li>
</ul>
<div class="foot" slot="footer">
<a href="https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_58214412?spm=1008.2028.3001.5343">单机游戏</a>
<a href="https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_58214412?spm=1008.2028.3001.5343">网络游戏</a>
</div>
</Category>
<Category title="电影" :listData="filsm">
<video slot="center" controls src="http://clips.vorwaerts-gmbh.de/big_buck_bunny.mp4"></video>
<template v-slot:footer>
<div class="foot">
<a href="https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_58214412?spm=1008.2028.3001.5343">经典</a>
<a href="https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_58214412?spm=1008.2028.3001.5343">热门</a>
<a href="https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_58214412?spm=1008.2028.3001.5343">推荐</a>
</div>
<h4>欢迎来观影</h4>
</template>
</Category>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Category from "./components/Category.vue";
export default {
name:'App',
components:{
Category
},
data() {
return {
foods:['火锅','烧烤','小龙虾'],
games:['王者','吃鸡','lol'],
filsm:['《功夫》','《大话西游》','《喜剧之王》']
}
},
}
</script>
<style>
.container,.foot{
display: flex;
justify-content: space-around;
}
video{
width: 100%;
}
img{
width: 100%;
}
h4{
text-align: center;
}
</style>
<template>
<div class="category">
<h3>{{title}}分类</h3>
<!-- 定义一个插槽 -->
<slot name="center"></slot>
<slot name="footer"></slot>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Category',
props:['title']
}
</script>
<style>
.category{
background-color: skyblue;
width: 200px;
height: 300px;
}
h3{
text-align: center;
background-color: orange;
}
</style>
104.作用域插槽
<template>
<div class="container">
<Category title="游戏" :listData="games">
<template scope="a">
<ul>
<li v-for="(g, index) in a.games" :key="index">{{g}}</li>
</ul>
</template>
</Category>
<Category title="游戏" :listData="games">
<!-- {games}结构赋值 -->
<template scope="{games}">
<ol>
<li v-for="(g, index) in games" :key="index">{{g}}</li>
</ol>
</template>
</Category>
<Category title="游戏" :listData="games">
<!-- slot-scope新的API -->
<template slot-scope="{games}">
<h4 v-for="(g, index) in games" :key="index">{{g}}</h4>
</template>
</Category>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Category from "./components/Category.vue";
export default {
name:'App',
components:{
Category
},
}
</script>
<template>
<div class="category">
<h3>{{title}}分类</h3>
<!-- 定义一个插槽 -->
<slot :games="games">我是一些默认值,当使用者没有传递具体结构时,我会出现</slot>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Category',
props:['title'],
data() {
return {
games:['王者','吃鸡','lol']
}
},
}
</script>
## 插槽
1.作用:让父组件可以向子组件指定位置插入HTML结构,也是一种组件间通信的方式,使用于父组件===>子组件
2.分类:默认插槽、具名插槽、作用域插槽
3.使用方法:作用域插槽的数据在组件的自身,但根据数据生成的结构需要组件的使用者来决定
105.Vuex简介
概念:专门在Vue中实现集中式状态(数据)管理的一个Vue插件,对vue应用中多个组件的共享状态进行集中式的管理(读/写),也是一种组件间通信的方式,且适用于任意组件通信
什么时候使用Vuex
1.多个组件依赖于同一状态 2.来自不同组件的行为需要变更同一状态
106.就和案例_纯vue版
<template>
<div>
<h1>当前求和为:{{sum}}</h1>
<select v-model.number="n">
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button @click="increment">+</button>
<button @click="decteent">-</button>
<button @click="incerentOdd">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button @click="incerentWait">等一等再加</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Count',
data() {
return {
n:1, //用户选择的数字
sum:0 //当前的和
}
},
methods: {
increment(){
this.sum +=this.n
},
decteent(){
this.sum -= this.n
},
incerentOdd(){
// 0的布尔值是false
if(this.sum % 2){
this.sum += this.n
}
},
incerentWait(){
setTimeout(()=>{
this.sum += this.n
},500)
},
},
}
</script>
<style>
button{
margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>
<template>
<div>
<Count></Count>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Count from "./components/Count.vue";
export default {
name:'App',
components:{
Count
},
}
</script>
107.Vuex工作原理图
actions行为动作,mutations加工维护,state保存数据,dispatch和commit是两个API,backend api后端接口,devtools开发者调式工具
当发生一个动作的值需要发送Ajax请求获取的时候,在action发送Ajax请求
组件可以直接调用commit ,没有需要判断的简单业务逻辑可以直接调用
store(仓库)管理actions,mutations和state,提供ispatch和commit这两个API
108.搭建Vuex环境
安装vuex
npm i vuex
在src下创建store文件夹
// 该文件用于创建vuex中最为核心的store
// 引入vue
import Vue from 'vue'
// 引入Vuex
import Vuex from 'vuex'
// 使用vuex
Vue.use(Vuex)
// 准备actions用于响应组件中的动作
const actions = {}
// 准备mutations用于操作数据(state)
const mutations = {}
// 准备state用于存储数据
const state = {}
// 创建并导出store
export default new Vuex.Store({
actions,
mutations,
state
})
在main.js引入store并在传入配置项
// 引入vue
import Vue from 'vue'
// 引入App组件,它是所有组件的父组件
import App from './App.vue'
// 引入store
import store from './store/index'
// 关闭vue的生产提示
Vue.config.productionTip = false
// 创建vue的实例对象--vm
new Vue({
// 将App组件放入容器中
render: h => h(App),
store,
beforeCreate(){
Vue.prototype.$bus = this
}
}).$mount('#app')
109.求和案例_Vuex版
<template>
<div>
<h1>当前求和为:{{$store.state.sum}}</h1>
<select v-model.number="n">
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button @click="increment">+</button>
<button @click="decteent">-</button>
<button @click="incerentOdd">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button @click="incerentWait">等一等再加</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Count',
data() {
return {
n:1, //用户选择的数字
}
},
methods: {
increment(){
// this.$store.dispatch('jia',this.n)
this.$store.commit('JIA',this.n)
},
decteent(){
// this.$store.dispatch('jian',this.n)
this.$store.commit('JIAN',this.n)
},
incerentOdd(){
this.$store.dispatch('jiaOdd',this.n)
},
incerentWait(){
this.$store.dispatch('jiaWait',this.n)
},
},
}
</script>
<style>
button{
margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>
在store中
// 引入vue
import Vue from 'vue'
// 引入Vuex
import Vuex from 'vuex'
// 使用vuex
Vue.use(Vuex)
// 准备actions用于响应组件中的动作
const actions = {
/* jia(context,value){
context.commit('JIA',value)
},
jian(context,value){
context.commit('JIAN',value)
}, */
jiaOdd(context,value){
if(context.state.sum % 2)
context.commit('JIA',value)
},
jiaWait(context,value){
setTimeout(() => {
context.commit('JIA',value)
}, 500);
},
}
// 准备mutations用于操作数据(state)
const mutations = {
JIA(state,value){
state.sum += value
},
JIAN(state,value){
state.sum -= value
},
}
// 准备state用于存储数据
const state = {
sum:0 //当前的和
}
// 创建并导出store
export default new Vuex.Store({
actions,
mutations,
state
})
110.Vuex开发者工具的使用
111.getter配置项
// 准备getters用于将stade中的数据进行加工
const getters = {
bigSum(state){
return state.sum*10
}
}
// 创建并导出store
export default new Vuex.Store({
actions,
mutations,
state,
getters
})
<template>
<div>
<h1>当前求和为:{{$store.state.sum}}</h1>
<h3>当前求和放大10倍为:{{$store.getters.bigSum}}</h3>
<select v-model.number="n">
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button @click="increment">+</button>
<button @click="decteent">-</button>
<button @click="incerentOdd">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button @click="incerentWait">等一等再加</button>
</div>
</template>
112.mapState和mapGetters
<template>
<div>
<h1>当前求和为:{{sum}}</h1>
<h3>当前求和放大10倍为:{{bigSum}}</h3>
<h3>我在{{school}}学习{{subject}}</h3>
<select v-model.number="n">
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button @click="increment">+</button>
<button @click="decteent">-</button>
<button @click="incerentOdd">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button @click="incerentWait">等一等再加</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import { mapState,mapGetters } from "vuex";
export default {
name:'Count',
data() {
return {
n:1, //用户选择的数字
}
},
methods: {
increment(){
// this.$store.dispatch('jia',this.n)
this.$store.commit('JIA',this.n)
},
decteent(){
// this.$store.dispatch('jian',this.n)
this.$store.commit('JIAN',this.n)
},
incerentOdd(){
this.$store.dispatch('jiaOdd',this.n)
},
incerentWait(){
this.$store.dispatch('jiaWait',this.n)
},
},
computed:{
// 靠程序员自己亲自去写计算属性
/* sum(){
return this.$store.state.sum
},
school(){
return this.$store.state.school
},
subject(){
return this.$store.state.subject
},
bigSum(){
return this.$store.getters.bigSum
}
*/
// 借助mapState生成计算属性,从state中读取数据(对象写法)
// ...mapState({sum:'sum',school:'school',subject:'subject'}),
// 借助mapState生成计算属性,从state中读取数据(数组写法)
...mapState(['sum','school','subject']),
// 借助mapGetters生成计算属性,从getters中读取数据(对象写法)
// ...mapGetters({bigSum:'bigSum'})
...mapGetters(['bigSum'])
},
}
</script>
<style>
button{
margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>
// 准备state用于存储数据
const state = {
sum:0, //当前的和
school:'新东方',
subject:'颠大锅'
}
113.mapAction与mapMutations
备注:mapAction与mapMutations使用时,若需要传递参数要在模板绑定事件时传递好参数,否则参数是事件对象
<template>
<div>
<button @click="increment(n)">+</button>
<button @click="decteent(n)">-</button>
<button @click="incerentOdd(n)">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button @click="incerentWait(n)">等一等再加</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import { mapState,mapGetters,mapMutations,mapActions } from "vuex";
export default {
name:'Count',
methods: {
/* increment(){
// this.$store.dispatch('jia',this.n)
this.$store.commit('JIA',this.n)
},
decteent(){
// this.$store.dispatch('jian',this.n)
this.$store.commit('JIAN',this.n)
}, */
// 借助mapMutations生成对应的方法,方法中会调用commit去联系mutations(对象写法)
...mapMutations({increment:'JIA',decteent:'JIAN'}),
// ...mapMutations(['JIA','JIAN']),
/* incerentOdd(){
this.$store.dispatch('jiaOdd',this.n)
},
incerentWait(){
this.$store.dispatch('jiaWait',this.n)
}, */
// 借助mapActions生成对应的方法,方法中会调用dispatch去联系actions(对象写法)
...mapActions({incerentOdd:'jiaOdd',incerentWait:'jiaWait'}),
// ...mapActions(['jiaOdd','jiaWait'])
},
}
</script>
114.多组件共享数据
新建组件person
<template>
<div>
<h1>人员列表</h1>
<h3 style="color:red">Count组件求和为:{{sum}}</h3>
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入名字" v-model="name">
<button @click="add">添加</button>
<ul>
<li v-for="p in personList" :key="p.id">{{p.name}}</li>
</ul>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import { nanoid } from 'nanoid'
export default {
name:'Person',
data() {
return {
name:''
}
},
computed:{
personList(){
return this.$store.state.personList
},
sum(){
return this.$store.state.sum
}
},
methods:{
add(){
const personObj = {id:nanoid(),name:this.name}
this.$store.commit('ADD_PERSON',personObj)
this.name = ''
}
}
}
</script>
在store/index.js中
// 准备mutations用于操作数据(state)
const mutations = {
JIA(state,value){
state.sum += value
},
JIAN(state,value){
state.sum -= value
},
ADD_PERSON(state,value){
state.personList.unshift(value)
}
}
在count中
<h3 style="color:red">person组件列表的总人数是:{{personList.length}}</h3>
computed:{
// 借助mapState生成计算属性,从state中读取数据(对象写法)
// ...mapState({sum:'sum',school:'school',subject:'subject'}),
// 借助mapState生成计算属性,从state中读取数据(数组写法)
...mapState(['sum','school','subject','personList']),
// 借助mapGetters生成计算属性,从getters中读取数据(对象写法)
// ...mapGetters({bigSum:'bigSum'})
...mapGetters(['bigSum'])
},
115.Vuex模块化_namespace1
116.Vuex模块化_namespace2
## 模块化+命名空间
目的:让代码更好维护,让多种数据分类更加明确
标签:Vue,name,sum,state,Vue3.0,day11,组件,Vuex,store 来源: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_58214412/article/details/122434588