return与job
作者：互联网
1. SaltStack组件之return
return组件可以理解为SaltStack系统对执行Minion返回后的数据进行存储或者返回给其他程序，它支持多种存储方式，比如用MySQL、MongoDB、Redis、Memcache等，通过return我们可以对SaltStack的每次操作进行记录，对以后日志审计提供了数据来源。目前官方已经支持30种return数据存储与接口，我们可以很方便的配置与使用它。当然也支持自己定义的return，自定义的return需由python来编写。在选择和配置好要使用的return后，只需在salt命令后面指定return即可。
[root@master ~]# salt 'minion' sys.list_returners
minion:
- carbon
- couchdb
- etcd
- highstate
- local
- local_cache
- mattermost
- multi_returner
- pushover
- rawfile_json
- slack
- slack_webhook
- smtp
- splunk
- sqlite3
- syslog
- telegram
1.1 return流程
return是在Master端触发任务，然后Minion接受处理任务后直接与return存储服务器建立连接，然后把数据return存到存储服务器。关于这点一定要注意，因为此过程都是Minion端操作存储服务器，所以要确保Minion端的配置跟依赖包是正确的，这意味着我们将必须在每个Minion上安装指定的return方式依赖包，假如使用Mysql作为return存储方式，那么我们将在每台Minion上安装python-mysql模块。
master上安装服务
# 下载仓库
[root@master ~]# rpm --import https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest/SALTSTACK-GPG-KEY.pub
[root@master ~]# curl -fsSL https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest.repo | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/salt.repo
[salt-latest-repo]
name=Salt repo for RHEL/CentOS 8 PY3
baseurl=https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest
skip_if_unavailable=True
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
enabled_metadata=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest/SALTSTACK-GPG-KEY.pub
[root@master ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Stream-AppStream.repo CentOS-Stream-Media.repo
CentOS-Stream-BaseOS.repo CentOS-Stream-PowerTools.repo
CentOS-Stream-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Stream-RealTime.repo
CentOS-Stream-Extras.repo salt.repo
CentOS-Stream-HighAvailability.repo
# 安装服务salt-master
[root@master ~]# yum -y install salt-master
# 启动
[root@master ~]# systemctl start salt-master
minion上安装服务
[root@minion ~]# rpm --import https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest/SALTSTACK-GPG-KEY.pub
[root@minion ~]# curl -fsSL https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest.repo | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/salt.repo
[salt-latest-repo]
name=Salt repo for RHEL/CentOS 8 PY3
baseurl=https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest
skip_if_unavailable=True
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
enabled_metadata=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest/SALTSTACK-GPG-KEY.pub
[root@minion ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Stream-AppStream.repo CentOS-Stream-Media.repo
CentOS-Stream-BaseOS.repo CentOS-Stream-PowerTools.repo
CentOS-Stream-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Stream-RealTime.repo
CentOS-Stream-Extras.repo salt.repo
CentOS-Stream-HighAvailability.repo
# 安装服务salt-minion, python3-PyMySQL mariadb
[root@minion ~]# yum -y install salt-minion
....
[root@minion ~]# yum -y install python3-PyMySQL
......
# 修改配置文件
[root@minion ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
......
15 # resolved, then the minion will fail to start.
16 #master: salt
17 master: 192.168.197.131 # IP是master的，前面有一个空格
.......
# 启动salt-minion
[root@minion ~]# systemctl start salt-minion
mariadb安装服务并配置
[root@mariadb ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server mariadb
.......
# 启动
[root@mariadb ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@mariadb ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
[root@mariadb ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 8
Server version: 10.3.28-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> set password = password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
[root@mariadb ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 9
Server version: 10.3.28-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE `salt`
-> DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8
-> DEFAULT COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| salt |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> USE `salt`;
Database changed
MariaDB [salt]> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `jids`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `jids` (
-> `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `load` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> UNIQUE KEY `jid` (`jid`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.003 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salt_returns`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `salt_returns` (
-> `fun` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
-> `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `return` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `success` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
-> `full_ret` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-> KEY `id` (`id`),
-> KEY `jid` (`jid`),
-> KEY `fun` (`fun`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.003 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salt_events`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `salt_events` (
-> `id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> `tag` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> `data` mediumtext NOT NULL,
-> `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-> `master_id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-> PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
-> KEY `tag` (`tag`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.002 sec)
# 授权访问
MariaDB [salt]> grant all on salt.* to salt@'%' identified by 'salt';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [salt]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)
minion上安装mariadb
[root@minion ~]# yum -y install mariadb
[root@minion ~]# mysql -usalt -psalt -h192.168.101.210
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 10
Server version: 10.3.28-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>
# 修改配置文件
[root@minion ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
#return: mysql
#
#return: mysql,slack,redis
#
#return:
# - mysql
# - hipchat
# - slack
mysql.host: '192.168.197.128'
mysql.user: 'salt'
mysql.pass: 'salt'
mysql.db: 'salt'
mysql.port: 3306
[root@minion ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion
master上ping 测试连通性
[root@master ~]# salt 'minion' test.ping
minion:
True
mariadb上查看是否有数据
[root@mariadb ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 11
Server version: 10.3.28-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from salt.salt_returns;
Empty set (0.000 sec)
master上测试存储到mariadb中
[root@master ~]# salt 'minion' test.ping --return mysql
minion:
True
mariadb查看
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from salt.salt_returns\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
fun: test.ping
jid: 20211107111209404569
return: true
id: minion
success: 1
full_ret: {"success": true, "return": true, "retcode": 0, "jid": "20211107111209404569", "fun": "test.ping", "fun_args": [], "id": "minion"}
alter_time: 2021-11-07 22:12:09
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
2. job cache
2.1 job cache流程
return时是由Minion直接与存储服务器进行交互，因此需要在每台Minion上安装指定的存储方式的模块，比如python-mysql，那么我们能否直接在Master上就把返回的结果给存储到存储服务器呢？
答案是肯定的，这种方式被称作 job cache 。意思是当Minion将结果返回给Master后，由Master将结果给缓存在本地，然后将缓存的结果给存储到指定的存储服务器，比如存储到mysql中。
master默认的存储位置
[root@master ~]# cd /var/cache/salt/master/jobs/
[root@master jobs]# ls
0a 16 24 32 39 43 49 51 5e 69 72 7f 94 9e ae bb c4 d0 e0 ea f2 fa
0c 17 27 33 3a 44 4a 55 60 6b 74 82 95 a0 af bc c6 d3 e1 eb f3 fb
0e 1d 29 34 3f 45 4b 56 61 6c 75 88 96 a1 b1 be c7 d4 e2 ec f4 ff
之前改的minion上的配置文件还原
[root@minion ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
......
931 mysql.host: '192.168.101.210' # 删除添加的五行
932 mysql.user: 'salt'
933 mysql.pass: 'salt'
934 mysql.db: 'salt'
935 mysql.port: 3306
......
# 重启salt-minion服务
[root@minion ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion
开启master端的master_job_cache
[root@master ~]# yum -y install python3-PyMySQL
# 安装 python3-PyMySQL
[root@master jobs]# cd
[root@master ~]# yum -y install python3-PyMySQL
......
# 修改master的配置文件
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
......
137 #job_cache: True
138 master_job_cache: mysql
139 mysql.host: '192.168.101.210' # mariadb主机的IP
140 mysql.user: 'salt'
141 mysql.pass: 'salt'
142 mysql.db: 'salt'
143 mysql.port: 3306
......
# 重启salt-master
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master
master安装mariadb服务
[root@master ~]# yum -y install mariadb
[root@master ~]# mysql -usalt -psalt -h192.168.101.210
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 25
Server version: 10.3.28-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
删除mariadb上之前的数据
MariaDB [(none)]> delete from salt.salt_returns;
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from salt.salt_returns;
Empty set (0.000 sec)
[root@master ~]# salt 'minion' cmd.run 'df -h'
minion:
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 3.8G 0 3.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 3.8G 80K 3.8G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3.8G 9.7M 3.8G 1% /run
tmpfs 3.8G 0 3.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cs-root 62G 5.9G 56G 10% /
/dev/mapper/cs-home 30G 251M 30G 1% /home
/dev/sda1 1014M 243M 772M 24% /boot
tmpfs 775M 1.2M 773M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 775M 0 775M 0% /run/user/0
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from salt.salt_returns\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
fun: cmd.run
jid: 20211107130618362431
return: "Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on\ndevtmpfs 3.8G 0 3.8G 0% /dev\ntmpfs 3.8G 80K 3.8G 1% /dev/shm\ntmpfs 3.8G 9.7M 3.8G 1% /run\ntmpfs 3.8G 0 3.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup\n/dev/mapper/cs-root 62G 5.9G 56G 10% /\n/dev/mapper/cs-home 30G 251M 30G 1% /home\n/dev/sda1 1014M 243M 772M 24% /boot\ntmpfs 775M 1.2M 773M 1% /run/user/42\ntmpfs 775M 0 775M 0% /run/user/0"
id: minion
success: 1
full_ret: {"cmd": "_return", "id": "minion", "success": true, "return": "Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on\ndevtmpfs 3.8G 0 3.8G 0% /dev\ntmpfs 3.8G 80K 3.8G 1% /dev/shm\ntmpfs 3.8G 9.7M 3.8G 1% /run\ntmpfs 3.8G 0 3.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup\n/dev/mapper/cs-root 62G 5.9G 56G 10% /\n/dev/mapper/cs-home 30G 251M 30G 1% /home\n/dev/sda1 1014M 243M 772M 24% /boot\ntmpfs 775M 1.2M 773M 1% /run/user/42\ntmpfs 775M 0 775M 0% /run/user/0", "retcode": 0, "jid": "20211107130618362431", "fun": "cmd.run", "fun_args": ["df -h"], "_stamp": "2021-11-07T13:06:18.558653"}
alter_time: 2021-11-07 21:06:18
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
3. job 管理
Salt 0.9.7 为管理作业的saltutil引入了一些新功能。这些功能是：
running返回在proc目录中找到的所有运行作业的数据。
find_job根据工作 ID 返回有关某项工作的具体数据。
signal_job允许向给定夹具发送信号。
term_job向控制指定作业的流程发送终止信号（SIGTERM，15）。
kill_job向控制指定作业的流程发送杀伤信号（SIGKILL，9）
。
获取任务的jid
[root@master ~]# salt 'minion' cmd.run 'date' -v
Executing job with jid 20211107130853049269
-------------------------------------------
minion:
Sun Nov 7 21:08:53 CST 2021
通过jid获取任务的返回结果
[root@master ~]# salt-run jobs.lookup_jid 20211107130853049269
minion:
Sun Nov 7 23:08:53 CST 2021
列出正在执行的任务,可以通过上面的 kill_job jid 杀死一个正在执行的任务
salt-run jobs.active
列出执行过的任务
salt-run jobs.list_jobs
标签：return,minion,root,repo,job,master,MariaDB,salt 来源： https://blog.csdn.net/yanghx2/article/details/121199649