torch.nn.Embedding(num_embeddings,embedding_dim)实现文本转换词向量，并完成文本情感分类任务
作者：互联网
1、处理数据集
1 import torch
2 import os
3 import re
4 from torch.utils.data import Dataset, DataLoader
5
6
7 dataset_path = r'C:\Users\ci21615\Downloads\aclImdb_v1\aclImdb'
8
9
10 def tokenize(text):
11 """
12 分词，处理原始文本
13 :param text:
14 :return:
15 """
16 fileters = ['!', '"', '#', '$', '%', '&', '\(', '\)', '\*', '\+', ',', '-', '\.', '/', ':', ';', '<', '=', '>', '\?', '@'
17 , '\[', '\\', '\]', '^', '_', '`', '\{', '\|', '\}', '~', '\t', '\n', '\x97', '\x96', '”', '“', ]
18 text = re.sub("<.*?>", " ", text, flags=re.S)
19 text = re.sub("|".join(fileters), " ", text, flags=re.S)
20 return [i.strip() for i in text.split()]
21
22
23 class ImdbDataset(Dataset):
24 """
25 准备数据集
26 """
27 def __init__(self, mode):
28 super(ImdbDataset, self).__init__()
29 if mode == 'train':
30 text_path = [os.path.join(dataset_path, i) for i in ['train/neg', 'train/pos']]
31 else:
32 text_path = [os.path.join(dataset_path, i) for i in ['test/neg', 'test/pos']]
33 self.total_file_path_list = []
34 for i in text_path:
35 self.total_file_path_list.extend([os.path.join(i, j) for j in os.listdir(i)])
36
37 def __getitem__(self, item):
38 cur_path = self.total_file_path_list[item]
39 cur_filename = os.path.basename(cur_path)
40 # 获取标签
41 label = int(cur_filename.split('_')[-1].split('.')[0]) - 1
42 text = tokenize(open(cur_path).read().strip())
43 return label, text
44
45 def __len__(self):
46 return len(self.total_file_path_list)
47
48
49 if __name__ == '__main__':
50 imdb_dataset = ImdbDataset('train')
51 print(imdb_dataset[0])
View Code
当前数据集处理后样式：
2、自定义dataloader中的collate_fn
1 def collate_fn(batch):
2 """
3 batch是list，其中是一个一个元组，每个元组是dataset中__getitem__的结果
4 :param batch:
5 :return:
6 """
7 batch = list(zip(*batch))
8 labels = torch.tensor(batch[0], dtype=torch.int32)
9 texts = batch[1]
10 del batch
11 return labels, texts
12
13
14 dataset = ImdbDataset('train')
15 dataloader = DataLoader(dataset=dataset, batch_size=2, shuffle=True, collate_fn=collate_fn)
16
17
18 if __name__ == '__main__':
19 for index, (label, text) in enumerate(dataloader):
20 print(index)
21 print(label)
22 print(text)
23 break
View Code
当前结果：
3、文本序列化
每个词都需要先给定一个初始的数字，再对该数字转换成向量
1 class Word2Sequence():
2 """
3 文本序列化
4 思路分析：
5 1、对所有句子进行分词
6 2、词语存入字典，根据次数对词语进行过滤，并统计次数
7 3、实现文本转数字序列的方法
8 4、实现数字序列转文本方法
9 """
10 UNK_TAG = 'UNK'
11 PAD_TAG = 'PAD'
12 UNK = 0
13 PAD = 1
14
15 def __init__(self):
16 self.dict = {
17 self.UNK_TAG: self.UNK,
18 self.PAD_TAG: self.PAD
19 }
20 self.fited = False
21
22 def to_index(self, word):
23 """
24 文本转换成数字
25 :param word:
26 :return:
27 """
28 assert self.fited == True
29 return self.dict.get(word, self.UNK)
30
31 def to_word(self, index):
32 """
33 数字转文本
34 :param index:
35 :return:
36 """
37 assert self.fited
38 if index in self.inversed_dict:
39 return self.inversed_dict[index]
40 return self.UNK_TAG
41
42 def __len__(self):
43 return len(self.dict)
44
45 def fit(self, sentences, min_count=1, max_count=None, max_feature=None):
46 """
47 :param sentences:[[word1,word2,word3],[word1,word3,wordn..],...]
48 :param min_count: 最小出现的次数
49 :param max_count: 最大出现的次数
50 :param max_feature: 总词语的最大数量
51 :return:
52 """
53 count = {}
54 # 单词出现的次数
55 for sentence in sentences:
56 for a in sentence:
57 if a not in count:
58 count[a] = 0
59 count[a] += 1
60 # 根据单词数量进行处理,即可以过滤频率小的单词
61 if min_count is not None:
62 count = {k:v for k, v in count.items() if v >= min_count}
63 if max_count is not None:
64 count = {k:v for k, v in count.items() if v <= max_count}
65 # 限制最大的数量
66 # 每个数字对应的初始值就是加入dict时dict的大小
67 if isinstance(max_feature, int):
68 count = sorted(list(count.items()), key=lambda x: x[1])
69 if max_feature is not None and len(count) > max_feature:
70 count = count[-int(max_feature):]
71 for w, _ in count:
72 self.dict[w] = len(self.dict)
73 else:
74 for w in sorted(count.keys()):
75 self.dict[w] = len(self.dict)
76 self.fited = True
77 self.inversed_dict = dict(zip(self.dict.values(), self.dict.keys()))
78
79 def transform(self, sentence, max_len=None):
80 """
81 实现吧句子转化为数组（向量）
82 :param sentence:
83 :param max_len:
84 :return:
85 """
86 assert self.fited
87 if max_len is not None:
88 r = [self.PAD] * max_len
89 else:
90 r = [self.PAD] * len(sentence)
91 if max_len is not None and len(sentence) > max_len:
92 sentence = sentence[:max_len]
93 for index, word in enumerate(sentence):
94 r[index] = self.to_index(word)
95 return np.array(r, dtype=np.int64)
96
97 def inverse_transform(self, indices):
98 """
99 实现从数组 转化为文字
100 :param indices: [1,2,3....]
101 :return:[word1,word2.....]
102 """
103 sentence = []
104 for i in indices:
105 word = self.to_word(i)
106 sentence.append(word)
107 return sentence
108
109
110
111 if __name__ == '__main__':
112 w2s = Word2Sequence()
113 w2s.fit([
114 ['这', '是', '什', '么'],
115 ['那', '是', '神', '么']
116 ])
117 print(w2s.dict)
118 print(w2s.fited)
119 print(w2s.transform(['神', '么', '这']))
120 print(w2s.transform(['神么这'], max_len=10))
View Code
结果：
4、对Imdb数据构建字典，每个词对应一个数字
1 # 实现对IMDB数据的处理和保存
2 def fit_save_word_sequence():
3 """
4 从数据集构建字典
5 :return:
6 """
7 ws = Word2Sequence()
8 train_path = [os.path.join(dataset_path, i) for i in ['train/neg', 'train/pos']]
9 total_file_path_list = []
10 for i in train_path:
11 total_file_path_list.extend([os.path.join(i, j) for j in os.listdir(i)])
12 for cur_path in tqdm(total_file_path_list, desc='fitting'):
13 sentence = open(cur_path, encoding='utf-8').read().strip()
14 res = tokenize(sentence)
15 ws.fit([res])
16 # 对wordSequesnce进行保存
17 print(ws.dict)
18 print(len(ws))
19 pickle.dump(ws, open('./model/ws.pkl', 'wb'))
20
21
22 if __name__ == '__main__':
23 fit_save_word_sequence()
View Code
5、对每一段文本转换成向量，可指定max_len维度
1 def get_dataloader(mode='train'):
2 """
3 获取数据集，转换成词向量后的数据集
4 :param mode:
5 :return:
6 """
7 # 导入词典
8 ws = pickle.load(open('./model/ws.pkl', 'rb'))
9 print(len(ws))
10 # 自定义collate_fn函数
11 def collate_fn(batch):
12 """
13 batch是list，其中是一个一个元组，每个元组是dataset中__getitem__的结果
14 :param batch:
15 :return:
16 """
17 max_len = 500
18 batch = list(zip(*batch))
19 labels = torch.tensor(batch[0], dtype=torch.int32)
20 texts = batch[1]
21 # 获取每个文本的长度
22 lengths = [len(i) if len(i) < max_len else max_len for i in texts]
23 # 每一段文本句子都转换成了max_len维度的向量，即500维的向量
24 temp = [ws.transform(i, max_len) for i in texts]
25 texts = torch.tensor(temp)
26
27 del batch
28 return labels, texts, lengths
29 dataset = ImdbDataset(mode)
30 dataloader = DataLoader(dataset=dataset, batch_size=20, shuffle=True, collate_fn=collate_fn)
31 return dataloader
32
33
34 if __name__ == '__main__':
35 for index, (label, texts, length) in enumerate(get_dataloader()):
36 print(index)
37 print(label)
38 print(texts)
39 print(length)
View Code
报错问题：
torch.nn.Embedding(num_embeddings, embedding_dim, padding_idx=None, max_norm=None, norm_type=2, scale_grad_by_freq=False, sparse=False)
说白了就是num_embeddings（词典的词个数）不够大，为什么不够呢
按道理说，我们词嵌入的时候字典从0，1，…………n，映射我们所有的词（或者字）
num_embeddings = n，是够用的，但是我们考虑pad，pad默认一般是0，所以我们会重新处理一下映射字典1，2…………n+1
这时候 num_embeddings = n+1才够映射
所以+1就够了
然后就不会报错了
参考：
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_36488653/article/details/118485063
标签：__,dim,embeddings,max,self,len,return,path,文本 来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/luyizhou/p/15459729.html