Django 学习3--CreateView
作者：互联网
1. 表单
表单有两种：Form和ModelForm
Form是普通的表单，需要我们自己定义一些字段，跟model无关，跟前端有关
ModelForm是跟model有关联的，跟前端也有关，利用后端对model的定义，会对前端的数据进行校验
2.示例
在first_project/personal_info路径下，新建forms.py文件（这是约定俗成的）
a.Form实现
# first_project/personal_info/views.py
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
from django.urls import reverse
from django.views import View
from django.views.generic import ListView
from personal_info.forms import PersionCreateForm
from personal_info.models import Person
class PersonList(ListView):
model = Person
template_name = 'personal_info/person_list.html' # 会直接上templates目录下找
def get_context_data(self, *, object_list=None, **kwargs):
context = super().get_context_data(object_list=object_list, **kwargs) # 先把父类的context拿到
context.update({'list': [1.23, 2.34, 3.45]})
return context
class PersonCreate(View):
# http请求的get方法会调用的函数
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return render(request, 'personal_info/person_create.html')
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
data = request.POST
form = PersionCreateForm(data=data)
print(form.is_valid())
if form.is_valid():
# 保存数据
person = Person(
# cleaned_data是form中有效的数据存储地
name=form.cleaned_data['name'],
age=form.cleaned_data['age'],
gender=form.cleaned_data['gender'],
address=form.cleaned_data['address'],
id_card=form.cleaned_data['id_card'],
temperature=form.cleaned_data['temperature'],
)
person.save()
else:
raise Exception
# 跳转，因为前后端不分离的页面，在提交后是一定会跳转的
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('personal_info:person_list'))
first_project/personal_info/views.py
# first_peoject/personal_info/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from personal_info import views
app_name = 'personal_info'
urlpatterns = [
# name值就是用来html中请求的url，会进行拼接，例如：personal_info:person_list
path('', views.PersonList.as_view(), name="person_list"),
path('create/', views.PersonCreate.as_view(), name="person_create"),
]
first_peoject/personal_info/urls.py
# first_project/personal_info/models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
from django.db import models
class Person(models.Model): # 继承Model
GENDER_CHOICES = (
(1, '男'),
(0, '女'),
)
name = models.CharField(max_length=32) # 定义VARCHAR类型字段，max_length是必须的
age = models.IntegerField() # 定义整形字段
gender = models.BooleanField(choices=GENDER_CHOICES) # 定义布尔类型变量，可选择的
id_card = models.CharField(max_length=18)
address = models.CharField(max_length=256)
temperature = models.FloatField() # 定义浮点型字段
class Meta: # model中的配置中心
permissions = () # 将数据库权限设置为空
first_project/personal_info/models.py
# first_project/personal_info/forms.py
from django import forms
class PersionCreateForm(forms.Form):
# 这些跟models中的定义类似
name = forms.CharField()
age = forms.IntegerField()
gender = forms.BooleanField()
id_card = forms.CharField(max_length=18)
address = forms.CharField(max_length=256)
temperature = forms.FloatField()
first_project/personal_info/forms.py
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>登记人员信息</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- personal_info:person_create 必须要有person_create这个url 效果是请求该url会跳转到这-->
<form action="{% url 'personal_info:person_create' %}" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<!-- name中的值是后端form定义的字段名字 -->
<p><label>姓名:<input type="text", name="name"></label></p>
<p><label>年龄:<input type="number", name="age"></label></p>
<p><label>姓别:<select name="gender">
<option value="1">男</option>
<option value="0">女</option>
</select></label></p>
<p><label>地址:<input type="text", name="address"></label></p>
<p><label>身份证:<input type="text", name="id_card"></label></p>
<!-- step是上线点击 -->
<p><label>体温:<input type="number", name="temperature" step="0.1"></label></p>
<p><button type="submit">保存</button></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
first_project/personal_info/templates/personal_info/person_create.html
{% load mytags %} <!-- 导入自定义tag -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>疫情人员登记表</title>
</head>
<body>
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">ID</th>
<th scope="col">名字</th>
<th scope="col">年龄</th>
<th scope="col">性别</th>
<th scope="col">疑似</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{{ list|add_filter }} <!-- 调用自定义filter -->
{% add_tag list %} <!-- 调用自定义tag -->
<!-- 默认是object_list 模板语言for循环语法 -->
{% for item in object_list %}
<tr>
<td>{{ item.id }}</td>
<td>{{ item.name }}</td>
<td>{{ item.age }}</td>
<!-- 不加get_display会显示数字 -->
<td>{{ item.gender|yesno:"男,女"}}</td>
<td>{% if item.temperature > 37 %}是{% else %}否{% endif %}</td>
</tr>
{% empty %}
<tr>
<!-- 意思是将5列合并成1列 -->
<td colspan="5">暂无数据</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
<!-- 这个地方跳转到 personal_info:person_create url -->
<p><a href="{% url 'personal_info:person_create' %}">登记</a></p>
</body>
</html>
first_project/personal_info/templates/personal_info/person_list.html
启动后的效果
点击登记-> 
登记完后会跳转到第一个页面，并显示添加的数据，但我这
里获取性别有问题，没找到原因
b.ModelForm
⚠️使用ModelForm，view要继承CreateView
# first_project/personal_info/views.py
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
from django.urls import reverse, reverse_lazy
from django.views import View
from django.views.generic import ListView, CreateView
from personal_info.forms import PersonCreateForm
from personal_info.models import Person
class PersonList(ListView):
model = Person
template_name = 'personal_info/person_list.html' # 会直接上templates目录下找
def get_context_data(self, *, object_list=None, **kwargs):
context = super().get_context_data(object_list=object_list, **kwargs) # 先把父类的context拿到
context.update({'list': [1.23, 2.34, 3.45]})
return context
class PersonCreate(CreateView):# 注意这里改成了CreateView
# 需要定义以下四个变量
form_class = PersonCreateForm
model = Person
template_name = 'personal_info/person_create.html'
success_url = reverse_lazy('personal_info:person_list')
first_project/personal_info/views.py
# first_project/personal_info/forms.py
from django import forms
from personal_info.models import Person
class PersonCreateForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta: # 配置中心，前端的东西都可以在这里修改，比如css，需要的时候再查一下就可以
model = Person # 把model导进来
fields = '__all__' # 代表所有字段，也可以挨个写一下
widgets = {
'name':forms.TextInput(attrs={'id':'name_id'}) # 可以开发模式打开网页，找到name那行，看到新加了id的字段
}
labels = {
'name':'名字' # 可以看到页面中的原本英文'name'变成了'名字'
}
first_project/personal_info/forms.py
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>登记人员信息</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="{% url 'personal_info:person_create' %}" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }} <!-- as_p会按列展示 -->
<p><button type="submit">保存</button></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
first_project/personal_info/templates/personal_info/person_create.html
其他文件和上面一样，启动后效果
保存后->
标签：info,name,--,list,Django,forms,personal,CreateView,import 来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/damon-song/p/15256678.html