21-6-26 滑动谜题
作者:互联网
- 滑动谜题 难度[困难]
在一个 2 x 3 的板上(board)有 5 块砖瓦,用数字 1~5 来表示, 以及一块空缺用 0 来表示.
一次移动定义为选择 0 与一个相邻的数字(上下左右)进行交换.
最终当板 board 的结果是 [[1,2,3],[4,5,0]] 谜板被解开。
给出一个谜板的初始状态,返回最少可以通过多少次移动解开谜板,如果不能解开谜板,则返回 -1 。
示例:
输入:board = [[1,2,3],[4,0,5]]
输出:1
解释:交换 0 和 5 ,1 步完成
输入:board = [[1,2,3],[5,4,0]]
输出:-1
解释:没有办法完成谜板
输入:board = [[4,1,2],[5,0,3]]
输出:5
解释:
最少完成谜板的最少移动次数是 5 ,
一种移动路径:
尚未移动: [[4,1,2],[5,0,3]]
移动 1 次: [[4,1,2],[0,5,3]]
移动 2 次: [[0,1,2],[4,5,3]]
移动 3 次: [[1,0,2],[4,5,3]]
移动 4 次: [[1,2,0],[4,5,3]]
移动 5 次: [[1,2,3],[4,5,0]]
输入:board = [[3,2,4],[1,5,0]]
输出:14
提示:
- board 是一个如上所述的 2 x 3 的数组.
- board[i][j] 是一个 [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5] 的排列.
来源:力扣(LeetCode)
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/sliding-puzzle
著作权归领扣网络所有。商业转载请联系官方授权,非商业转载请注明出处。
解法一:BFS
class Solution {
//用来存储当前的状态和 0 的坐标
class Node{
int x,y;
String str;
Node(String str_,int x_,int y_){
str=str_;
x=x_;
y=y_;
}
}
//起始和终点
String s,e;
//0的坐标
int x,y;
//板块 长宽
int n=2,m=3;
public int slidingPuzzle(int[][] board) {
s="";
e="123450";
//枚举找出 0 并获取其坐标
for(int i =0;i<n;i++){
for(int j =0;j<m;j++){
s+=board[i][j];
if(board[i][j]==0){
x=i;
y=j;
}
}
}
int ans = bfs();
return ans;
}
//相邻交互的操作数
int[][] dirs = new int[][]{{1,0},{-1,0},{0,1},{0,-1}};
int bfs() {
Deque<Node> d = new ArrayDeque<>();
Map<String,Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
Node root = new Node(s,x,y);
d.addLast(root);
map.put(s,0);
while (!d.isEmpty()){
Node poll = d.pollFirst();
int step =map.get(poll.str);
if(poll.str.equals(e)) return step;
int dx = poll.x,dy =poll.y;
//搜索交互相邻字符所得的板块
for(int []di:dirs){
int nx = dx+di[0],ny = dy+di[1];
//越界时 continue
if(nx<0 || nx>=n || ny<0 || ny >=m) continue;
String nStr = update(poll.str,dx,dy,nx,ny);
//已经搜索过 continue
if(map.containsKey(nStr)) continue;
Node next = new Node(nStr,nx,ny);
d.addLast(next);
map.put(nStr,step+1);
}
}
return -1;
}
//交互 操作
//二维转换一维 idx = x*m + y , x = idx/m , y = idx%m;
String update(String cur, int dx, int dy, int nx, int ny) {
char [] cs = cur.toCharArray();
char tmp = cs[dx*m+dy];
cs[dx*m+dy] = cs[nx*m+ny];
cs[nx*m+ny] = tmp;
return String.valueOf(cs);
}
}
解法二:A*
class Solution {
class Node {
String str;
int x, y;
int val;
Node(String _str, int _x, int _y, int _val) {
str = _str; x = _x; y = _y; val = _val;
}
}
int f(String str) {
int ans = 0;
char[] cs1 = str.toCharArray(), cs2 = e.toCharArray();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
// 跳过「空格」,计算其余数值的曼哈顿距离
if (cs1[i * m + j] == '0' || cs2[i * m + j] == '0') continue;
int cur = cs1[i * m + j], next = cs2[i * m + j];
int xd = Math.abs((cur - 1) / 3 - (next - 1) / 3);
int yd = Math.abs((cur - 1) % 3 - (next - 1) % 3);
ans += (xd + yd);
}
}
return ans;
}
int n = 2, m = 3;
String s, e;
int x, y;
public int slidingPuzzle(int[][] board) {
s = "";
e = "123450";
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
s += board[i][j];
if (board[i][j] == 0) {
x = i; y = j;
}
}
}
// 提前判断无解情况
if (!check(s)) return -1;
int[][] dirs = new int[][]{{1,0},{-1,0},{0,1},{0,-1}};
Node root = new Node(s, x, y, f(s));
PriorityQueue<Node> q = new PriorityQueue<>((a,b)->a.val-b.val);
Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
q.add(root);
map.put(s, 0);
while (!q.isEmpty()) {
Node poll = q.poll();
int step = map.get(poll.str);
if (poll.str.equals(e)) return step;
int dx = poll.x, dy = poll.y;
for (int[] di : dirs) {
int nx = dx + di[0], ny = dy + di[1];
if (nx < 0 || nx >= n || ny < 0 || ny >= m) continue;
String nStr = update(poll.str, dx, dy, nx, ny);
if (!map.containsKey(nStr) || map.get(nStr) > step + 1) {
Node next = new Node(nStr, nx, ny, step + 1 + f(nStr));
q.add(next);
map.put(nStr, step + 1);
}
}
}
return 0x3f3f3f3f; // never
}
String update(String cur, int i, int j, int p, int q) {
char[] cs = cur.toCharArray();
char tmp = cs[i * m + j];
cs[i * m + j] = cs[p * m + q];
cs[p * m + q] = tmp;
return String.valueOf(cs);
}
boolean check(String str) {
char[] cs = str.toCharArray();
List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < n * m; i++) {
if (cs[i] != '0') list.add(cs[i] - '0');
}
int cnt = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
for (int j = i + 1; j < list.size(); j++) {
if (list.get(i) < list.get(j)) cnt++;
}
}
return cnt % 2 == 0;
}
}
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标签:Node,26,21,int,谜题,board,str,cs,String 来源: https://blog.csdn.net/Harswlgb/article/details/118247087