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英语4期末考试范围

2021-06-14 21:31:49 作者：互联网

英语

选择题

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Expressions in use

Unit2

Every month, the Community Services Center offers several lectures on health and fitness ________ introducing people to healthier lifestyles.
in hopes of
Do you know who ________ the idea of having cheesecake for dessert yesterday? It was delicious and made everyone happy.
came up with
The pain medication left Claudia feeling rather dull and sleepy, and soon after dinner she apologized for being such poor company and ________ to bed.
excused herself
When I was young, I ________ maps, and I sometimes spent the whole day charting land routes from one point to another.
was obsessed with
To make immigrants comfortable ________ police for help, more than 70 cities now bar police from asking them to prove their legal status.
reaching out to
Mary was often accused of “having a strong personality” because she was not afraid to ________ subjects about which she was knowledgeable.
voice an opinion on
At the end of his term in office, the governor was criticized for failure to ________ his campaign promise.
live up to
Results of a survey revealed that of the top 10 automobile makers ________ customer satisfaction, six were Japanese and two were German.
in terms of

Uint3

Because of his quiet personality, many people said they would not elect him president of the institute though they ________ him ________.
held in high regard
Peter graduated from college in June and started his work in the auto company in August. ________, he took a trip around the country.
In the interim
When his advertisement using the new digital technique drew as many as 5,000 responses overnight, he knew he ________.
was onto something
When students are more involved in their academic and extracurricular activities, they will experience a richer campus life, which ________ benefits their development.
in turn
The scientists of the research center keep the good habit of summing up their experience ________.
from time to time
Whenever the older kids in school tried to ________ her brother, she would not be afraid to stand up for him.
pick on
If he doesn’t try to get a ticket now, he’s probably not going to get one. So, he might want to ________ it one more time.
take a stab at
There are a lot of reasons for replacing your hard drive or adding a new one to your old computer, but they all ________ the need for more space.
boil down to

Unit4

After the painter’s move to Paris in 1904, Picasso’s Rose Period paintings ________ a warmer and more optimistic mood than the previous Blue Period.
took on
There are a number of different occasions when you might be ________ to make a speech. Therefore, you need to practice how to speak to a large audience.
called upon
Schools in the US believe that cheating in examinations ________ of the “honor system” proposed by Thomas Jefferson hundreds of years ago.
runs against the grain
Being a major global concern, rapid population growth is believed by many to ________ sustainable management of the environment.
be incompatible with
It seems that many people have ________ periods of stress, with more physical and mental vigor than they had before.
come through
More and more native plants disappear every year. Saving them is important because our own survival ________ with their fate.
is bound up
It’s up to you to ________ those who have your interests at heart and those who would take advantage of you.
differentiate between
Although J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter novels are written for “ages 9-12”, they ________ many older readers.
have struck a chord with

Unit5

We chatted for half an hour before he finally ________: He wanted to work as a business consultant and wondered if I could pass along the names of certain potential clients.
got to the point
Scientists at the research center identified various features that ________ the commodities purchased by female consumers.
are attached to
The three mountain climbers ________ if the villagers had not found them lying at the bottom of the valley.
would have starved to death
The boy looked up timidly at his father who was sitting next to him, but he didn’t stop crying. ________, his crying became more intense.
If anything of
Since no one knew how the disease spread, they ________ everything, including mosquitoes, swimming pools, and people from other neighborhoods.
were suspicious
At the press conference, the government spokesman avoided answering the question about health-care reform directly. Instead he just ________ to talk about the harsh economic situation.
wandered around
Mr. Rogers, whom you met in the museum yesterday, works as a software engineer and plays folk music ________.
on the side
These schools were selected for our survey because the composition of their student bodies ________ the district’s enrollment, which included a large proportion of children from immigrant families.
was representative of

Unit6

The amount of oil capable of ________ the earth is ever decreasing, and we will be officially running out of oil some day.
being extracted from
They sought to ________ the country ________ the old rigid traditions and to open it up to different cultures of the world.
emancipate from
In order to ________ customers who don’t have credit cards, the company will soon allow shoppers to select products online, pick them up at its local store and pay for them in cash.
cater to
We should return the power to the communities and the people, so that they can ________ important issues in their own neighborhoods.
have a say on
Every morning the chickens flocked from all corners of the yard and ________ loud enough to be heard in the village.
made a racket
In the movie, Anne was a bright and charming teenager, and her parents believed she ________ become a great writer.
was destined to
John arrived late for the baseball game because he had to ________ for his mom in the morning to the grocery store and the post office.
run errands
After her husband lost his job as a taxi driver two years ago, the family ________ on her small earnings from housekeeping jobs.
has scraped by

Words in use

Unit2

We need to improve the quality of education so that our children will not leave school ________ in literary and reasoning skills.
deficient
In a society governed by the rule of law, every citizen is subject to possible ________ if he violates the law.
prosecution
The pay gap between average workers and top corporate officers has led to pubic ________ as executives receive large packages despite falling share prices.
outrage
The delicious meal ________ our hunger and made us feel warm again after having walked in the snow all day.
appeased
The military insists on ________ in many areas, for example, dress and haircut, with the primary objective of promoting group unity.
conformity
My daughter used to play with the dog by taking a(n) ________ of its hair and then spending a long time rubbing, combing and twisting it.
strand
When she left for the party, she took great care to make her necklace and shoes ________ her dress.
complement
It was necessary to provide living places for ________ immigrants passing through the area on their way to more permanent dwellings.
transient
They had just moved in, so they needed to buy a number of kitchen ________, including a microwave oven, a toaster, and a coffee maker.
appliances
She wanted a beautiful and elegant ________ to attend the wedding of a friend, but couldn’t find anything satisfactory in the nearby shops.
outfit

Unit3

The curtains changed the atmosphere of the house completely and made it into a place of ________ beauty.
exquisite
As the sun ________ the clouds, we enjoyed our afternoon of playing cards in the forest under the clear sky and observing the most spectacular view I have ever seen in my life.
dispersed
The big company ________ their operations last year and opened several regional offices in the country to meet the needs of the market.
decentralized
It is not easy to ________ a trend of growth from the available facts since they are quite scarce and not that convincing.
deduce
Formerly found only in large industrial applications, microwave ovens now have become a standard ________ of most modern kitchens.
fixture
He calls on the public to save in everyday life and believes that ________ is the key to battling a culture that rewards mindless consumption.
frugality
He is suitable for the position as he is young enough to understand what the teenagers think but old enough to ________ their programs.
administrate
When asked about her whereabouts at 9 o’clock that night, she gave a rather ________ response, which caught the detective’s attention.
disjointed
________ the stalled economy and sticking to promises to bring the deficit down next year is proving to be the principal test for the new president.
Reviving
A considerable period of time has to ________ before the effects of such security measures as closed-circuit television cameras and cell-phone monitoring become evident in reducing crimes.
elapse

Unit4

I will conduct a top-to-bottom review of the state departments, agencies, and commissions, and seek to ________ or to eliminate them where appropriate.
consolidate
To a 10-year-old girl, you need to offer understanding about her wishes and help her ________ between fantasy and reality.
differentiate
When we heard about the ________ suffering of the children and adults, our primary instinct, like millions of others, was to shed tears.
dreadful
It was when we started living together that we found, to our sadness and surprise, that we were ________.
incompatible
It was ________ that he had taken a $50,000 bribe before the project was transferred to another company.
alleged
The budget proposal has been described as “________” and “inappropriate” by people objecting to it.
bizarre
It seems that what people believe and what researchers have found out about the ________ between wealth and happiness are more different than overlapping.
correlation
Current expenditure in this museum is ________ in comparison with the huge amount which foreign museums of similar standing spend.
negligible
The air and rivers in this area are getting cleaner, and attempts to preserve animal species and their ________ have been mainly successful.
habitats
If you can provide rational and ________ debates from an unbiased point of view, maybe we will all learn something.
intelligible

Unit5

Although he was not a legal expert, he knew it would not be proper to ________ anything to mislead the public.
fabricate
He does not work full time there, but he has been the ________ head of the organization’s scholarship program for five years.
nominal
As Mark walked the sites on that initial trip of the migrants, he found some important ________ clues – dated bus tickets, shopping receipts and calendars.
temporal
In urban planning, it is important to take into consideration the ________ influence between the transportation network and other facilities, for example shopping centers and medical centers.
reciprocal
The label “Smart Choices” on the front of food packages usually ________ products that meet criteria for lower fat, sugar and sodium (钠) content.
denotes
The public high school graduation rates in New Mexico and Arizona have been increasing for three ________ years, thanks to an online program that helps students earn missing credits.
consecutive
In the accident at the air show last week, a pilot and 10 ________ were killed when a fighter plane crashed into the crowd.
spectators
The mother was not sure where the boys went, but she did hear them ________ something about going out for a movie with friends.
muttering
This newly released portrait of Planet Earth is actually a ________ of several pictures taken earlier this month by a new research satellite.
composite
You shouldn’t feel insulted. We can assure you he meant to be friendly and there was nothing impolite or ________ in his words.
malicious

Unit6

When I first came to this city, everything was ________ to me. It took me a long time to adjust myself to the new environment.
alien
Something growing in her brain caused damage to her ________ nerve, and doctors thought she would never see again.
optic
The front side of the house has a(n) ________ arrangement of windows and doors, with the main door in the center, a side door and two windows on each side.
symmetrical
He cleaned the old machine and ________ the moving parts with a little mineral oil, hoping that it could work again.
lubricated
We could tell it was a crisp winter night because, overhead, between the shadows of the buildings, a multitude of stars ________.
twinkled
During his work on child protection, he often acts as a(n) ________ between parents and children, making the parents know what they can do and what they cannot do.
mediator
Due to safety concerns, the commander ordered his troops to leave their ________ in the mountains and return to their bases in the nearby village.
outposts
It’s exciting to travel to a foreign place, no matter whether you’re ________ the wilds of Africa or just making a weekend trip to the countryside.
traversing
In the 1970s, a number of countries passed laws to protect women’s rights, announcing that they would ________ women through education and work.
emancipate
The basic idea of ________ reasoning is that if something is true of a class of things in general, this truth applies to all members of that class.
deductive

翻译

汉译英

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英译汉

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Unit 2

1 If you’re a man, at some point a woman will ask you how she looks.
如果你是一位男士，肯定在某个时候会有女士问你她看起来怎么样。
2 You must be careful how you answer this question. The best technique is to form an honest yet sensitive response, then promptly excuse yourself for some kind of emergency. Trust me, this is the easiest way out. No amount of rehearsal will help you come up with the right answer.
对于如何应对这个问题，你一定得小心。最好的对策就是给一个诚实但又谨慎的回答，然后借口有急事马上脱身。相信我，这是最简单的方法。对于她的这一问题，无论你事先练习多少次，都不会找到正确答案。

Unit3

11 Smith says success in business boils down to three things. First, you need to have appealing product or service and a compelling strategy. Then you need to have an efficient management system. Assuming you have those things, leading a team is the single most important issue in running an organization today.
史密斯说生意上的成功归根结底就是三点：首先你需要一项吸引人的产品或服务以及一套制胜的战略；其次你需要一套高效的管理系统；在拥有这些之后，如何领导好一个团队就是当今经营一家公司最为重要的事了。

Unit4

5 Ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect are human disasters, and they are urgent because they directly threaten humanity and are not easily reversible. A sane environmentalism, the only kind of environmentalism that will strike a chord with the general public, begins by openly declaring that nature is here to serve human beings. A sane environmentalism is entirely a human focused regime: It calls upon humanity to preserve nature, but merely within the parameters of self-survival.
臭氧损耗和温室效应是人类的灾难，而且是需要紧急处理的灾难，因为它们直接威胁到人类，且后果很难扭转。理性环保主义——唯一能够引起公众共鸣的环保主张——首先公开声明，自然是服务于人类的。理性环保主义是一种完全以人类为中心的思想。它号召人类保护自然，但是是在人类自我生存得到保证的前提之下。
11 The important distinction is between those environmental goods that are fundamental and those that are not. Nature is our ward, not our master. It is to be respected and even cultivated. But when humans have to choose between their own well-being and that of nature, nature will have to accommodate.
重要的是，我们要区分哪些东西对环境保护是根本性的，哪些是非根本性的。自然受我们的监护，而不是我们的主人。我们应该尊重自然，也可以开发利用自然。但是，如果人类必须在自身的福利和自然的福利之间作出选择，自然则必须作出让步。

Unit5

20 Having listened to both Chinese and English, I’m suspicious of comparisons between the two languages, as I notice the reciprocal challenges they each present. English speakers say Chinese is extremely difficult because different words can be denoted by very subtle variations in tone. English is often bracketed with the label of inconsistency, a language of too many broken rules.
由于一直同时听着中英文两种语言，故而我对它们之间的任何对比总是心存怀疑，因为我注意到它们各自都有对方所没有的难点。说英文的人会认为中文极其难，因为中文用非常微妙的声调变化就可以表示不同的词语。而英文则常常被认为缺乏一致性，因为英文具有太多不合规则的用法。
21 Even more dangerous, in my view, is the temptation to view the gulf between different languages and behavior in translation. To listen to my mother speak English, an outside spectator might make the deduction that she has no concept of the temporal differences of past and future or that she is gender blind because she refers to my husband as “she”. If one were not careful, one might also generalize that all Chinese people take an indirect route to get to the point. It is, rather, my mother’s individual tendency to ornament her language and wander around a bit.
在我看来，更危险的做法是，人们往往倾向于通过翻译来理解不同语言和行为之间的差异。如果一个旁观的外人听我母亲说英语，可能会得出结论，说她对过去和将来这样的时间区别没有概念，或者认为她对人的性别不加区分，因为她提到我丈夫时总是说“她”。如果一个人对此类现象不假思虑，他也许还会概括说，所有中国人都是通过委婉迂回的方式才能说到话题重点的。而实际上喜欢修饰和绕弯子只是我母亲个人的说话风格。

Unit6

4 These weren’t the only destinies of men, as I learned from having a few male teachers, from reading books and from watching television. But the men on television – the news commentators, the lawyers, the doctors, the politicians who levied the taxes and the bosses who gave orders – seemed as remote and unreal to me as the figures in old paintings. I could no more imagine growing up to become one of these sophisticated people than I could imagine becoming a sovereign prince.
这些并非男人们唯一的归宿，我从曾经有过的几位男教师、从看书及看电视中认识到了这一点。但是，那些上电视的男人们——新闻评论员、律师、医生、课征税款的政治家及发号施令的老板们——在我看来就像古老绘画上的人像，遥远而不真实。我不能想象自己长大会变成这些精明世故的人中的一员，就像我无法想象自己能变成一个权力至高无上的国君一样。

听力

在这里插入图片描述

听力音频：链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1UpvBsSt8ZOY81tBPJd9N9A
提取码：ybrj
复制这段内容后打开百度网盘手机App，操作更方便哦

Unit1

1.1

原文

M: I love working out!

W: Ugh! You’re sweating all over the floor …

M: I just ran five miles! A friend told me about this great park on Jefferson Street. I love exploring new parks!

W: I try running at the gym three days a week, but it’s so boring looking at the TV monitor or the wall in front of me for an hour.

M: You should run outside! Being in nature, enjoying the beautiful flowers and the trees, I feel my mind relax and the stress just falls away.

W: It is nice outside. My mom loves t’ai chi and a nearby t’ai chi group meets every morning at 6 a.m. I’ve tried going, but it’s too early for me to get out of bed …

M: T’ai chi is really good. You need some kind of exercise. It’s unhealthy for you to sit in front of your computer all day, every day!

W: Well, I recently spend my weekends away from my computer.

M: Oh really? And what have you done recently that didn’t involve a computer or TV screen?

W: Pandas! I just went to the San Diego Zoo with my sister on Saturday! They have one of the best panda exhibits in the US. The mother panda is from Wolong, China, and had had six baby pandas by 2012 since arriving at the San Diego Zoo in September of 1996.

M: Oh, I bet baby pandas are amazing! Hey! Maybe you should get a zoo membership and go jogging in the zoo!

W: A zoo membership! Now that’s a great idea! I love the San Diego Zoo. It’s near my house, I can get good exercise and I can watch the baby pandas grow up!

答案简介

男主在公园跑步以后和女主的对话，

女主也觉得外出很好但是早上爬不起来打太极。

女主不爱外出锻炼，在周末经常一坐一整天。

女主喜欢熊猫，所以男主建议她可以变成动物园会员，在动物园旁边慢跑

Q1: What has made the man sweat all over the floor?

Running in a park.

Q2: Why doesn’t the woman go to practice t’ai chi with her mom?

Because getting up early is too difficult for her.

Q3: What does the woman normally do on weekends?

Sitting before her computer.

Q4: Why does the man suggest the woman get a zoo membership?

For exercise like jogging in the zoo.

1.2

原文

Have you ever felt you don’t have enough hours in the day? Or that you’d give anything for a whole day to catch up with yourself? Well, here are some ideas that work for me.

First of all, make a to-do list every day and set clear priorities. The trick here isn’t making the list; that’s the easy part. The trick is making the priorities. I look at my list and put a star next to anything that is really urgent. Then I put the number “2” next to anything that will just take a couple of minutes. I actually do these quick tasks before I get on with the urgent ones; it’s a bit like clearing off the top of your desk before sitting down to write that important letter.

Second, know when is the most productive time of day for you and do your work or study then. One of the shocking discoveries I made about myself is that if I get up at 5 a.m., I can do a day’s work and even fit breakfast in before half past nine. Of course, if you are an early bird, it can be difficult to accomplish tasks that involve phoning “night owls”, but that’s what email’s for!

Finally, do not let your inbox run your life. I just realized recently how frequently I interrupted my real work to check my inbox and respond to the most trivial of emails. So, now I only open it when absolutely necessary and this saves me hours. If your work depends on you being constantly accessible by email, then you can’t do this; but be honest and ask yourself, “Am I an email addict?”

With these simple, practical techniques, you will become more efficient, less stressed and be able to win some “me-time” for yourself.

答案简介

这是关于管理时间的文章

作者倾向于先干什么 --先做可以快速完成的任务就像是把桌子收拾干净以后写信一样
怎样工作更有效率 – 利用好一天中你工作最有效率的时间
演讲者怎么处理电子邮件-- 只在必要的时候打开
这个talk的目的 – 对管理时间提出建议

Q1: What tasks does the speaker tend to do first every day?
The quick tasks.

Q2: How to work more efficiently according to the speaker?
Make use of your most productive time of day

Q3: How does the speaker deal with emails now?
He opens his inbox only when it’s necessary.

Q4: What is the purpose of the talk?
To give some tips on how to manage time.

Unit2

2.1

原文

M: Nancy, time to make a birthday wish!

W: I wish … hmm. OK! I want a high-paying job, a husband with a perfect face and body, and a big house … with a swimming pool!

M: Wow, Nancy! Those are your three wishes?

W: Of course! If I have those three things, I’ll be happy!

M: Now, Nancy. Let me tell you my story, and you may see things differently.

W: “See things differently?” What do you mean, Uncle Charlie?

M: Here is what I once experienced in life. When I married, 32 years ago, we had a happy marriage, a beautiful house, two expensive cars, and $200,000 in the bank!

W: See, just like now!

M: Wait! I would suggest three different wishes!

W: Well … What would you wish for? You’re older and wiser!

M: What happens if you lose your job, lose your house, and your husband becomes sick? I suggest these three wishes: patience, courage and love!

W: Patience, courage and love?

M: Yes! If you have patience and courage, you and your husband will have good jobs and a nice house. And if you have true love, you and your husband will be beautiful to each other no matter how old you become together.

W: This is good.

M: Within six years of our marriage, we had three beautiful children, but we lost our jobs, our house, all our money, and then I got really sick for nine years. But we didn’t lose anything truly valuable, because we always said: “Wherever the five of us are together, we are at home!” And, little by little things did improve, and I finally got well. Patience, courage and love! These are what make life full, strong and happy!

W: Hmm, I will remember. Patience, courage and love! Thanks, Uncle Charlie!

答案简介

女主过生日男主让她许愿女主的愿望不切实际男主就开始给女主做思想工作
为什么爱是开心生活的重要内容 – 因为它让一对夫妻互相欣赏对方
男主经历了什么 – 丢失工作房子还生病了
主要讲什么 – 给女主在生活上重要的事情的建议

Q1: What are the two speakers talking about?
What to wish for in life.

Q2: According to the man, why is true love important for a happy life?
It makes couples appreciate each other.

Q3: What difficulties did the man experience in his life?
He lost his job and house and was sick for years.

Q4: What is the man doing in the talk?
Giving the woman advice on important things in life.

2.2

原文

If you think that you have to live up a remote mountain in order to live a long and healthy life, a religious community in Loma Linda, California, may prove you wrong. Its members are a group of Christians known as the Seventh-day Adventists. The Adventists enjoy a much higher life expectancy than average Californians. Adventist men can expect to live about seven years longer than other Californian men. Adventist women are likely to live around four years longer than other Californian women. The Adventists also act much younger than they are and see doctors much less than ordinary people.

So what’s the secret of the Adventists’ longevity? It is not all in their genes. Nor is their good health a mere accident. The Adventists live longer partly because they have a vegetable-based diet. Around 35 percent of them are vegetarian, and around one half eat meat only rarely. Tobacco and alcohol consumptions are discouraged. So are rich or spicy foods, meat, and drinks containing caffeine. The Adventist diet is high in fruit and vegetables. It also includes plenty of whole grains, nuts, seeds and beans, and water is the drink of choice.

The longevity of the Adventists is also related to their lifestyle and natural environment. They believe in having regular exercise, helping others, and maintaining strong social and familial ties. They live in a mild climate with warm summers and cool winters. Interestingly, the air quality of Loma Linda, however, is not as good as in other longevity hot spots. This should give us all hope, as it suggests that we don’t have to have every single factor in place in order to achieve excellent health. Despite this, the Adventists’ good health certainly provides strong evidence that diet and lifestyle choices have a great impact on health and longevity.

答案简介

讲的是饮食和生活方式的选择对健康和长寿有很大影响。讲了基督教的习惯，这些习惯让他们活的更久女性可以多活4年，他们吃的都是一些蔬菜啊，水果啊谷物啊之类的，这篇文章主要讲的就是饮食和生活习惯对健康的影响

Q1: In what way are the Adventists different from ordinary people?

They live to a much older age.

Q2: How much longer do Adventist women expect to live than other Californian women?

About four years.

Q3: What is characteristic of the Adventists’ diet?

It is high in fruit, vegetables and whole grains.

Q4: What is the main idea of the passage?

Diet and lifestyle are crucial to good health.

Unit3

3.1

原文

M: Rebecca, I just learned of an amazing park right here near our city!

W: Really? Is it a nature park or an entertainment park?

M: It’s a beautiful nature park, located 15 miles from our home.

W: What’s it called?

M: It is called Big Sky Park and has nice walking trails and camping sites!

W: Bill, this is perfect! We can have a vacation and still keep saving money to visit my family sometime. But, can we get to Big Sky Park without a car?

M: Yes, easily. We just take the No. 32 bus that goes right to the park. The only problem will be getting all of our camping stuff with us on the bus.

W: Well, I did just buy that new cart to help carry groceries home on the bus, plus we have your big backpack. Together, I think we will be fine. All of our camping equipment should easily fit on the bus.

M: Good. Good! I know we can make it a really special weekend. I have longed for a time when we could walk alone together in the quiet beauty of nature. I’m so, so happy to have this chance to be with you at the park.

W: I know, me too! I know what I’ll do! I’ll pack all of our favorite food, and I’ll bake a small chocolate cake. Your favorite! Then we can drink tea and eat the chocolate cake around a campfire. I’m so happy you found Big Sky Park. I can’t wait, just two more days for the weekend to come!

M: I’m so happy as well. Big Sky Park will be wonderful. The fire, the dinner and spending time with you make me such a happy, happy man, Rebecca!

答案简介

这是讲的一对夫妻想去公园玩的故事，这个公园有漂亮的小路和露营地。他们坐公交车的时候怎么把行李放到公交车呢可以用他们的手推车和背包。女主想做些巧克力饼干带过去吃，他们为啥想去这个公园他们可以在美丽的自然中散步

Q1: What makes Big Sky Park a nice vacation place for the couple?

It has nice paths and camping sites.

Q2: How can the couple get all their camping stuff on the bus?

By using both their cart and backpack.

Q3: What will the woman probably do before their trip?

Bake a chocolate cake.

Q4: What does the couple long to do at the park?

Walk together in the beauty of nature.

3.2

原文

A new museum entirely dedicated to laziness has opened in the capital city of Colombia. But you have to hurry if you want to see the exhibits and find out about being lazy because the exhibition lasts only for one week. The unusual show displays a whole range of things such as sofas, beds and anything that makes you feel like taking a rest. There are also plenty of televisions for those visiting couch potatoes to watch as they move around relaxingly in the museum.

It is no coincidence but rather an intentional decision for the museum to have opened right after the holiday season. The idea is for people to think about laziness, and perhaps change their behavior and lifestyle throughout the rest of the year. It offers a practical experience to make us think about laziness in our high-speed, fast-paced societies.

The museum’s founder Marcela Arrieta said she wanted people to rethink about laziness and decide whether it really is a bad thing. She told the media that people today always think about laziness as an enemy of work. For example, they may feel guilty if they sleep late, or they may feel they are wasting time after taking a nap or having a holiday.

Ms. Arrieta may not be proposing that we should have a shorter working week, but she could have a point in that we do need more leisure time than our jobs allow us, and change our lifestyle to a type that is more relaxing. Besides, according to scientists, avoiding the pressure and stress of work can make us healthier and live longer. So, why not try out Ms. Arrieta’s advice for yourself, slow down, and think about being lazy?

答案简介

讲的是一个懒惰的博物馆开张了不过持续时间挺短的，需要快点去。这个展览有沙发啊床啊都可以去试，这个展览的目的就是让人们思考懒惰，创始人建议我们能坐下休息放松一会

Q1: Why should visitors be hurried if they want to see the exhibits in the new museum in Colombia’s capital?

Because the exhibition will last for no more than a week.

Q2: What are exhibited in the new museum?

Beds and sofas that you can try out.

Q3: What is the purpose of the exhibition?

It provides a practical experience for us to think about laziness.

Q4: What did the museum’s founder advise us to do?

Sit down, relax and be lazy for a while.

Unit4

4.1

原文

W: Hey, John! Everything OK? You look upset.

M: Oh, hi Kate. I was in the cafeteria eating alone. James from accounting walked by, sat down to eat at the table right next to me – didn’t say a single word to me. I wondered why.

W: Is that the main thing stressing you out, John?

M: No, I was silly to feel bad about that. What I am stressed about is my workload. My manager, Steven, is a great guy. He always counts on me to get the work done. But I have five meetings this week and two big projects to complete by next Monday. I don’t see how I can finish. I’m really worried I’ll let my team down.

W: I have some free time on Friday and over the weekend. I can help you with your extra work if you’d like. I know that feeling of being overwhelmed with work. It’s awful. I’d like to help.

M: Really? You’d do that for me?

W: Of course I will! John, a lot of us really admire your work. Some of us have asked to work on your team. You’re a great example to us, John. You shouldn’t doubt yourself. I’m glad to help out.

M: Wow, Kate. Thanks!

W: We could … discuss it over dinner on Thursday, my treat!

M: Wow. No … I mean I get to buy dinner, Kate! How about the new restaurant on 6th Street, 365? It’s called 365 because it offers local, seasonal foods – fall, winter, spring, and summer – healthy choices with wonderful fresh fruits and vegetables. Let’s meet at 7 p.m.

W: Sounds wonderful! Thursday, 7 p.m. at the new restaurant 365 on 6th Street. Perfect!

答案简介

男主不开心，因为他觉得他工作太多了做不完了，但是女主说她有时间可以帮帮男主，女主还说他的工作很多人都想去，男主很优秀，应该有自信才对。这个餐厅的名字提供当地的季节性食物所以叫这个名字

Q1: Why does the man look upset?

Because he has too much work to complete.

Q2: How does the woman say she can help the man?

To help him do his work in her free time.

Q3: What advice does the woman give to the man?

He should have confidence in himself.

Q4 Why is the restaurant called 365?

Because it offers seasonal foods.

4.2

原文

More than half of working Americans are dissatisfied with their jobs, according to a survey. That’s bad news for employers because workers’ discontent can hurt productivity and hinder innovation.

Lynn Franco, co-author of the report, says Americans’ job satisfaction is at its lowest level in more than two decades: Only 45.3 percent of workers say they are satisfied with their jobs compared with 61 percent in 1987.

The report was produced by the Conference Board, a non-profit organization that helps businesses strengthen their performance. It is based on a survey of 5,000 US households. It shows a drop in satisfaction in many aspects of an employee’s work life, including interest in the job, dealing with co-workers and bosses, commuting and job security. As a group, neither young people who are just entering the workforce nor employees who are about to retire, Franco says, are happy with what they do.

Only about 36 percent of workers under the age of 25 say they are currently satisfied with their jobs. And it’s not much better among baby boomers. Twenty years ago, more than 50 percent of baby boomers were satisfied. Today, that’s down to 46 percent.

The most satisfied group of workers in the survey was those aged 25 to 34. Franco suggests that they may see some opportunities for upward mobility as baby boomers retire.

The Conference Board survey also asked about the reasons behind job dissatisfaction. There are economic reasons such as wages, promotion policy and bonus policy that are sort of adding to this level of dissatisfaction. In addition, workers are also dissatisfied with the benefits: vacation policy, family-related leave time, work schedule flexibility, and a variety of other factors as well.

答案简介

一项调查显示，超过一半的美国上班族对自己的工作不满意，工人的不满会阻碍创新。百分之45.3的人对工作满意调查中最满意的人群是25岁至34岁的人群。佛朗哥认为，随着婴儿潮一代的退休，他们可能会看到一些向上流动的机会。对工作不满的原因多种多样

Q1: What negative effect can be caused by workers’ discontent?

Less innovation efforts.

Q2: What percentage of American workers are satisfied with their jobs as found by the survey?

45.3 percent.

Q3: Why is it that people aged 25 to 34 are most satisfied with their jobs?

Because they see more opportunities for promotion as baby boomers retire.

Q4: What can we conclude about the reasons behind job dissatisfaction?

The reasons for job dissatisfaction are found to be various.

Unit5

5.1

原文

W: This feels like a dream … The last time I was in San Francisco was 30 years ago, when I was your age, 15 years old. So much has changed in the city – but you know – many of the sites are just the same.

M: Wow! San Francisco is as beautiful as a picture! I can’t believe it! Let’s get going! Let’s look at the map and take the streetcar to the Golden Gate Bridge.

W: Yes, of course. But, wait – let’s just take a moment to look at the Golden Gate Bridge from here – up high on the hill. See how amazing the sun looks, shining on the bridge there high above the water? Sometimes the best way to really enjoy something is to see it from different angles and perspectives.

M: Yes! Just beautiful from here! OK! Let’s get going! Wait! You know what, Aunt Lucy, I’m really, really hungry! May we eat before we head out to see the Golden Gate Bridge?

W: Yes, of course we can. We’re already here in Chinatown and near my favorite Chinese restaurant. Even after 30 years have passed since I last visited, it is still busy and active.

M: That’s great! Aunt Lucy.

W: And, it’s right here!

M: Wow! This is amazing! The man inside the window is making noodles by hand – just by pulling on the flour dough. I’ve never seen anything like it before. How?

W: Yes, I know. It’s amazing, right? And the food is delicious, too! Sometimes the best way to enjoy culture is to simply slow down and truly experience it. We have five full days here in San Francisco. Let’s go slowly and enjoy every moment!

答案简介

这座城市发生了太多的变化——但你知道——很多地方都是一样的。
哇！旧金山真漂亮！真不敢相信！我们走吧！让我们看看地图，坐电车到金门大桥。
是的，当然。但是，等等——让我们花点时间从这里看一下金门大桥——在山上的高处。
我真的，真的很饿！我们出去看金门大桥之前可以吃点东西吗？
我们在旧金山有整整五天的时间。让我们慢慢来，享受每一刻！

Q1: What is the woman’s impression of San Francisco when visiting this time?

She finds many sites stay unchanged.

Q2: What does the woman suggest they do before going to the Golden Gate Bridge?

Viewing the bridge from a hill.

Q3: What does the man want to do?

Eat before continuing their tour.

Q4: What does the woman consider to be the best way to enjoy culture?

To truly experience it in no rush.

5.2

原文

The Mona Lisa is probably the most famous painting in the world. It was created by Leonardo da Vinci, the famous Italian artist, between around 1503 and 1506. The subject is the wife of a wealthy silk merchant of Italy. The woman’s husband requested Da Vinci to portray her as a celebration of their home’s completion and the birth of their second son. What is it about this painting that has created such a lasting impact on the artistic world?

One factor is the artist himself. Leonardo da Vinci was not only an artist, but also a scientist, an architect and an engineer. His knowledge of the human form came from the study of actual human bodies, so he was able to draw and paint it more accurately.

Another factor is the material used for the painting. The Mona Lisa is an oil painting, but unlike other paintings, which are usually created on canvas, the Mona Lisa has a wood panel as the surface. The use of a wood panel makes it possible for the work to have survived for centuries.

Lastly, the style and techniques used for the painting make the Mona Lisa a masterpiece. Da Vinci presented precise details in the subject’s hands and face. He applied a shadowing technique at the corners of her lips and her eyes, which gives her an unbelievably lifelike appearance. He also created a background with aerial views and a beautiful landscape. His remarkable skills left behind no visible brush marks at all.

All these factors – Da Vinci’s talent, the medium used for the painting, the style and techniques applied in the work – contribute to the lasting and mysterious beauty of the Mona Lisa.

答案简介

主题是意大利一位富有的丝绸商人的妻子
《蒙娜丽莎》的表面是一块木板。使用木板使这件作品得以保存几个世纪。
达芬奇在人物的手和脸上呈现了精确的细节。
所有这些因素——达芬奇的才华、绘画的媒介、作品的风格和技法——造就了《蒙娜丽莎》持久而神秘的美。

Q1: Who is the person painted in the Mona Lisa?

The wife of a wealthy merchant.

Q2: What made it possible for the Mona Lisa to survive for centuries?

The use of a wood panel.

Q3: What is mentioned as one of the techniques used for painting the Mona Lisa?

Drawing the subject with accurate details.

Q4: What does the passage mainly discuss?

The reasons for the fame of the Mona Lisa.

Unit6

6.1

原文

W: Hey Billy! It’s 7:30 p.m.! Turn off your TV and computer. Come down to dinner. It seems your father is finishing his conference call with his team in China.

M: OK Mom. Coming. But why is Dad on his computer while I can’t be on mine!

W: Billy, your father is working. But you are chatting with your friends about celebrities! So your father needs to be on his computer. And you don’t!

M: OK. Sorry, Mom. What are we having for dinner? Pizza?

W: Pizza?! I’ve made us a nice dinner of roast chicken, mushroom soup and vegetable salad. I even made chocolate cake for dessert – and you want pizza!

M: Just kidding Mom! I love your cooking! Mmm I’m hungry, and it smells delicious!

W: Billy! I told you to shut down all electronics!

M: Mom! This isn’t fair. You told me to turn off my computer and my TV – you didn’t say all electronics – and you didn’t mention my cell phone! I have to check the news! My favorite golf player just got in trouble for drunk driving! Please Mom! I have to find out!

W: You can’t go five minutes without having your eyes on a screen! Hand me your phone. Now! I am turning it off so we can have a nice dinner.

M: OK Mom. Fine! Here’s my phone.

W: Now, where is your father?

M: Will you make Dad do the same? We never have family dinner anymore without Dad being on electronics!

W: Hmm, you know, Billy, you have a very good point. I think it’s time we had family dinner without any electronics. Here’s our new rule: Just for 45 minutes over dinner, no electronics!

答案简介

妈妈让儿子关掉电脑儿子不服气，为什么爸爸可以看电脑，妈妈说他在开会
儿子关掉电脑以后又打开了手机，妈妈又让他关掉，儿子说他最喜欢的高尔夫球手刚刚因为酒后驾车惹上麻烦了！
妈妈生气了，规定不能在吃饭的时候使用电子产品
可以知道使用电子产品会产生家庭分歧

Q1: Why is the son required to turn off his computer while his father is not?

Because the father is meeting with his colleagues online.

Q2: Why doesn’t the son want to turn off his cell phone?

Because he wants to check the news about a golf player.

Q3: What rule does the mother decide to set for the family?

Having dinner without any electronics.

Q4: What can we learn from the conversation?

Electronics sometimes cause family disagreements.

6.2

原文

We as a society have intense interest in the celebrity news prevalent in our media. One of the key reasons is that in a world of constant death and disasters, celebrity news allows us to escape from the “real news”. After all, the job of celebrities is to entertain us, so it’s only natural that news about them would be a source of entertainment as well.

Of course the world isn’t always a depressing place filled with death, danger and sad events. But the media presents a dominant coverage of them. Watching hours of that news makes you depressed and want something different. This is why celebrity news fills that need for “happy news” or “light news”.

Celebrities also tend to live life on the edge and overdo everything they are engaged in. They long for attention and will do whatever to get it. We watch them with fascination as they party, do drugs, escape the law, get caught by the law, get married or divorced, and so forth.

Many people became attracted by the lifestyle of celebrities because they more or less wish they had the same lives as the stars. Celebrity news fuels people’s desire to look like the stars, dress like the stars, and even name children after the stars. It can be a source of making every life decision for some people. Although this may not be a healthy thing to do, it does boost the celebrity news business.

In a word, celebrity news gives us a well-needed break from the depressing and harsh news stories that we are flooded with daily. But as viewers and readers we need to keep in mind that celebrities are still common people, and that their lives are in many ways similar to ours, not merely to be shown for entertainment only.

答案简介

名人新闻让我们能够逃离“真实新闻”
他们渴望得到关注，会不择手段地得到关注。
许多人被名人的生活方式所吸引，因为他们或多或少地希望自己能过上和明星一样的生活。
但作为观众和读者，我们需要记住，名人仍然是普通人，他们的生活在许多方面与我们相似，而不仅仅是为了娱乐。

Q1: Why is celebrity news prevalent in our media?

Because it gives us a break from the harsh realities.

Q2: What can we learn about celebrities from the conversation?

They do their utmost to gain attention.

Q3: Why are celebrities’ lifestyles attractive to people?

Because they contain things desired by common people.

Q4: What should we keep in mind when watching or reading celebrity news?

Celebrities’ lives are similar to those of common people.

Unit7

7.1

原文

M: Have you heard? A big storm is coming!

W: Yes! The weatherman says a hurricane is coming! Even though our city is 50 miles from the ocean, we will still be in the path of the hurricane.

M: I heard it on the radio news, too! We need to prepare. There’s an Emergency Items list on the refrigerator. I’ll get it.

W: OK. Be prepared to be without food, water or electricity.

M: So the list says one gallon of water per person per day. It also says we need to get food that doesn’t need refrigeration.

W: How many days of supplies should we get?

M: It says to prepare emergency supplies for 10 days.

W: Well, we have four flashlights already.

M: Yes, but we need batteries for the flashlights.

W: OK, so let’s get ready and go to the store. I hope everyone else in town hasn’t already bought out the store for their own supplies. Should we bring cash, in case the credit card machines don’t work?

M: Yep! I already went by the bank this morning. I have $1,500 cash on hand. So, scratch off flashlights and cash from our Emergency Items list.

W: Hmm, you know, if we don’t use the $1,500 cash for the storm – I could easily find a use for it shopping at the mall. There’s a beautiful new suit and shoes and an amazing long coat and …

M: Hahaha. Hmm let’s see: $1,500 is $1,300 more than our budget for clothing expenses per month! Remember that we took this cash from our emergency savings account – my sweet love – so that we would be prepared in an emergency. Shopping in the mall is not an emergency!

答案简介

暴风雨要来了准备去商店买一些应急产品
他们家里已经有手电筒和现金了
可能信用卡机会坏所以建议带现金

Q1: What will the couple do to prepare for the storm?

Go to a store to get more emergency items.

Q2: What things do they have at home for emergency situations?

Flashlights and cash.

Q3: Why does the woman suggest they bring cash with them?

Because the credit card machines may not work properly.

Q4: What’s their budget for clothing every month?

$200.

7.2

原文

Shoplifting is a common problem faced by retail businesses that can have a bad effect on their profitability. Retail businesses earn revenue by purchasing goods from wholesalers and manufacturers, and then selling those goods to consumers in retail stores or over the Internet. When a shoplifter steals an item from a retailer, the business can no longer sell that item to consumers to pay for the purchasing cost of it, as well as other expenses like rent and employee wages. Depending on a store’s profit margin, it may have to sell dozens of units to make up for the revenue that is lost due to the stolen items. For instance, if a store has a two percent profit margin and a shoplifter steals an item that is worth $10, then the store will have to sell $500 worth of goods to recover the loss.

Shoplifting not only causes harm to retailers, but also has a negative effect on customers. Since businesses lose profit due to shoplifting, they may set prices higher than they would otherwise do to compensate for the losses. In a sense, shoplifting acts as a tax on retailers that is ultimately passed on to consumers. Small businesses that raise prices may lose customers to larger competitors, who are often better equipped to absorb losses and keep their prices low.

Retail businesses can adopt a variety of measures to prevent theft and fight against shoplifting. Common prevention methods include: posting warning signs that shoplifters will be punished, installing security cameras, training employees to be aware of shoplifting, and putting security devices on products. Other measures like locking products away in display cases can also help to prevent shoplifting of valuable items.

答案简介

商店行窃是零售企业面临的一个常见问题，
由于商家因行窃而损失利润，他们可能会将价格定得比其他方式更高，以补偿损失。
提高价格的小企业可能会把客户输给更大的竞争对手，而这些竞争对手往往更有能力消化损失并保持低价。
在产品上安装安全装置。

Q1: What problem is commonly faced by retail businesses?

The stealing of retail items from their stores by thieves.

Q2: What may retailers do to compensate for the losses caused by shoplifting?

Sell goods at higher prices than they normally do.

Q3: According to the speaker, who can usually better absorb the losses caused by shoplifting?

Larger retailers.

Q4: What prevention method against shoplifting is mentioned by the speaker?

Putting security devices on products.

Unit8

8.1

原文

M: I love this song, “Starry Starry Night”! I wonder who wrote it.

W: Oh! That’s a song from 1971 by a famous American songwriter, Don McLean. But do you know what it’s about?

M: No. Not really. I just like the words about the starry night.

W: It’s a great story! The song says “Starry Starry Night” because it’s about the famous Dutch painter, Vincent van Gogh, who lived more than 100 years ago.

M: Oh! I’ve always liked Van Gogh’s art work, especially his Starry Night painting. But why did Don McLean write the song about Van Gogh over 80 years after Van Gogh died?

W: Well, the songwriter, Don McLean, read a book that told the story of the passionate life of Van Gogh. He loved painting – but people didn’t understand him or his art. Did you know that Van Gogh painted around 2,000 paintings but only sold one of them in his lifetime?

M: Gosh. That is a sad story, especially since his paintings are incredibly popular today. Let’s see … Wow! A Van Gogh painting today is worth around 100 million dollars!

W: I know. And, listen to this: The songwriter, Don McLean, had 72 attempts to finally get a company who would produce his first music album.

M: What? 72 attempts?

W: Uh-huh. That’s right. All companies said “No, no, no” before one finally said “Yes! We love your music!”

M: That’s amazing. That’s a lot of “No’s!” to get to the one “Yes” he needed!

W: Yeah! I think that’s another reason Don McLean wrote the song about Van Gogh. They both had to work so hard on their art for people to notice them.

M: Wow! All right. Turn up the volume. Let’s listen again.

W: Wonderful … So, three cheers to artists that never give up and keep on trying!

答案简介

我喜欢这首歌《星夜》！我不知道是谁写的。
表达对梵高的敬佩
你知道吗，梵高画了大约2000幅画，但在他有生之年只卖出了一幅？
他们都表现出对艺术的执着追求。

Q1: What does the man want to know about the song “Starry Starry Night”?

The writer of the song.

Q2: Why did Don McLean write the song?

To show his respect for Van Gogh.

Q3: What can we learn about Van Gogh from the conversation?

He wasn’t popular during his lifetime.

Q4: What did Van Gogh and Don Mclean have in common?

They both showed persistence in their pursuit of art.

8.2

原文

More than one million schoolchildren in the United States have gone through a program called Reading Recovery. The program is for six-year-olds who are struggling to learn to read. According to the Reading Recovery Council of North America, an association dedicated to literacy education in North America, more than 20 percent of United States public schools are using the program to help their first-grade students, and more than 99 percent of the students in the program passed the state reading examination.

The method used by Reading Recovery calls for a reading teacher to work with children one at a time. The lessons take half an hour each schoolday. The teacher helps students with reading, writing and the study of the alphabet. Reading Recovery lessons last for 12 to 20 weeks. During the lessons, the teacher looks for ways that the child learns best. Then he or she works to help the student develop effective strategies to solve their problems in reading. The idea behind this practice is for students to continue to use and extend these strategies each time they read.

Students participating in the program read many short books. Some of the books are written in a way similar to spoken language. They also read and write stories in their own words. The material gets harder with time. The lessons end when the student’s reading ability reaches the average level of the class. The Reading Recovery Council says 80 percent of students who finish the lessons can read and write within their class average.

However, not all schools embrace the Reading Recovery method happily. Some criticize it, saying that the cost of this method is much higher than other types of programs. But supporters say it saves money in the long run. They think it helps prevent the sad results and expense of letting children fail in school.